Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience — Page 1

Vocabulary

und

Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses

ÜBER

Preposition meaning 'about' or 'over'

DIE

Definite article for feminine or plural nouns

PFLICHT

Duty or obligation one is required to fulfill

ZUM

Contraction of 'zu dem', meaning 'to the'

ZIVILEN

Adjective meaning civil, relating to citizens

UNGEHORSAM

Disobedience, refusal to follow authority or rules

von

Preposition meaning 'from' or 'by'

Inhalt

Content or table of contents of a book

Wirtschaft

Economy or household management, also chapter title

Wo

Interrogative or relative adverb meaning 'where'

ich

First-person singular pronoun meaning 'I'

lebte

Past tense of 'leben', meaning 'lived'

wofür

Relative pronoun meaning 'for what' or 'for which'

Lektüre

Reading material or the act of reading something

Klänge

Sounds or tones, plural of Klang

Einsamkeit

Solitude or loneliness, state of being alone

Besucher

Visitors or guests who come to a place

Das

Definite article for neuter nouns, meaning 'the'

Bohnenfeld

Bean field, a field where beans are grown

Dorf

Village, a small rural settlement or community

Die

Definite article for feminine or plural nouns

Teiche

Ponds, plural of Teich, small bodies of water

Farm

Farm, an agricultural property or estate

Höhere

Higher, adjective referring to elevated laws or principles

Gesetze

Laws or rules, plural of Gesetz

Tierische

Animal, adjective relating to animals or beasts

Nachbarn

Neighbors, people or animals living nearby

Einzugsfeier

Housewarming party celebrating moving into a new home

Frühere

Former or earlier, adjective referring to previous times

Bewohner

Inhabitants or residents of a place

Wintergäste

Winter guests, visitors who come during wintertime

Wintertiere

Winter animals, creatures active or present in winter

Der

Definite article for masculine nouns, meaning 'the'

Teich

Pond, a small naturally occurring body of water

im

Contraction of 'in dem', meaning 'in the'

Winter

Winter, the coldest season of the year

Frühling

Spring, the season following winter with new growth

Schluss

Conclusion or end, final chapter or closing remarks

Ich

First-person singular pronoun meaning 'I'

habe

First-person singular present of 'haben', meaning 'have'

nicht

Negation word meaning 'not'

vor

Preposition meaning 'before', 'in front of', or 'ago'

eine

Indefinite article for feminine nouns, meaning 'a'

Ode

Ode, a type of lyrical poem of praise

an

Preposition meaning 'at', 'on', or 'to'

die

Definite article for feminine or plural nouns

Niedergeschlagenheit

Dejection or despondency, feeling of low spirits

zu

Preposition or particle meaning 'to' or 'too'

schreiben

To write, the infinitive form of writing

sondern

Conjunction meaning 'but rather', correcting a negation

so

Adverb meaning 'so' or 'thus', indicating manner

laut

Loud or loudly, describing high volume of sound

wie

Conjunction or adverb meaning 'like', 'as', or 'how'

ein

Indefinite article for masculine or neuter nouns

Hahn

Rooster, a male chicken known for crowing

am

Contraction of 'an dem', meaning 'at the' or 'on the'

Morgen

Morning, the early part of the day

prahlen

To boast or brag loudly about something

der

Definite article or relative pronoun for masculine nouns

auf

Preposition meaning 'on', 'onto', or 'upon'

seiner

Possessive pronoun meaning 'his' in dative or genitive

Stange

Pole or perch, a rod or bar for birds

steht

Third-person singular of 'stehen', meaning 'stands'

wenn

Conjunction meaning 'when' or 'if' in conditionals

es

Third-person neuter pronoun meaning 'it'

auch

Adverb meaning 'also', 'too', or 'even'

nur

Adverb meaning 'only' or 'just', limiting scope

dazu

Adverb meaning 'for that', 'in addition', or 'thereto'

dient

Third-person singular of 'dienen', meaning 'serves'

meine

Possessive pronoun meaning 'my' for feminine or plural

aufzuwecken

To wake someone up, infinitive with separable prefix

Als

Conjunction meaning 'when' referring to past events

folgenden

Following or subsequent, adjective in accusative form

Seiten

Pages or sides, plural of Seite

schrieb

Past tense of 'schreiben', meaning 'wrote'

oder

Conjunction meaning 'or', presenting an alternative

vielmehr

Rather or more precisely, correcting or refining a statement

den

Definite article in accusative or dative plural form

Großteil

The greater part or majority of something

davon

Adverb meaning 'of it', 'thereof', or 'from it'

allein

Alone or solely, without others present

Wald

Forest or woods, a large area of trees

Meile

Mile, a unit of distance measurement

jedem

Dative form of 'jeder', meaning 'every' or 'each'

entfernt

Away or distant, removed from a reference point

in

Preposition meaning 'in' or 'into'

einem

Indefinite article in dative form, meaning 'a' or 'an'

Haus

House, a building used as a dwelling

das

Definite article for neuter nouns or relative pronoun

selbst

Self or oneself, emphasizing personal action

gebaut

Past participle of 'bauen', meaning 'built'

hatte

Past tense of 'haben', meaning 'had'

Ufer

Shore or bank of a body of water

des

Genitive definite article meaning 'of the'

verdiente

Past tense of 'verdienen', meaning 'earned'

meinen

Accusative possessive pronoun meaning 'my'

Lebensunterhalt

Livelihood, means of supporting oneself financially

ausschließlich

Exclusively or solely, without exception

durch

Preposition meaning 'through' or 'by means of'

Arbeit

Work or labor, physical or mental effort

meiner

Genitive or dative possessive pronoun meaning 'my'

Hände

Hands, plural of Hand, body parts for manual work

dort

Adverb meaning 'there', referring to a specific place

zwei

Number meaning 'two'

Jahre

Years, plural of Jahr, units of time

Monate

Months, plural of Monat, units of time

Gegenwärtig

Currently or at present, referring to the present time

bin

First-person singular of 'sein', meaning 'am'

wieder

Again or once more, indicating repetition

Gast

Guest or visitor staying temporarily somewhere

zivilisierten

Civilized, adjective in genitive or dative form

Leben

Life or living, existence as a noun or verb

würde

Conditional form of 'werden', meaning 'would'

Angelegenheiten

Affairs or matters, things requiring attention

Lesern

Readers, dative plural of Leser

sehr

Very or much, intensifying adjective or adverb

aufdrängen

To impose or force something upon someone

spezifische

Specific, adjective describing particular details

Nachfragen

Follow-up questions or inquiries seeking more information

Mitbürger

Fellow citizens, members of the same community

bezüglich

Regarding or concerning a particular subject

Lebensweise

Way of life or lifestyle, habitual manner of living

gestellt

Past participle of 'stellen', meaning 'posed' or 'placed'

worden

Auxiliary past participle of 'werden' in passive voice

wären

Subjunctive past of 'sein', meaning 'were' hypothetically

manche

Some or many, referring to an unspecified number

als

Conjunction meaning 'as', 'when', or 'than'

unverschämt

Impudent or shameless, rudely forward in behavior

bezeichnen

To describe or label something with a term

würden

Conditional plural of 'werden', meaning 'would'

obwohl

Conjunction meaning 'although' or 'even though'

sie

Pronoun meaning 'they', 'she', or formal 'you'

mir

Dative first-person pronoun meaning 'to me' or 'me'

keineswegs

By no means or not at all, strong negation

erscheinen

To appear or seem, presenting a certain impression

angesichts

In view of or given, considering certain circumstances

Umstände

Circumstances or conditions surrounding a situation

natürlich

Naturally or of course, indicating something obvious

berechtigt

Justified or entitled, having legitimate grounds

Einige

Some or a few, referring to an unspecified small number

haben

To have, auxiliary verb in perfect tense constructions

gefragt

Past participle of 'fragen', meaning 'asked'

was

Interrogative or relative pronoun meaning 'what'

essen

To eat, consuming food as a verb

bekam

Past tense of 'bekommen', meaning 'received' or 'got'

ob

Conjunction meaning 'whether' or 'if' in indirect questions

mich

Accusative first-person pronoun meaning 'me' or 'myself'

einsam

Lonely or solitary, feeling isolated from others

fühlte

Past tense of 'fühlen', meaning 'felt'

keine

Negative article meaning 'no' or 'none', feminine form

Angst

Fear or anxiety, a feeling of dread or worry

dergleichen

Such things or the like, referring to similar matters