Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience — Page 3

Vocabulary

Vorrei

I would like; expresses polite desire or wish

volentieri

Gladly, willingly; expresses enthusiastic agreement

dire

To say or tell something to someone

qualcosa

Something; an unspecified thing or matter

non

Not; basic negation word in Italian

tanto

So much, so many; indicates large degree

riguardo

Regard, concern; used in phrase 'riguardo a' meaning about

ai

Contraction of 'a i'; to the (masculine plural)

Cinesi

Chinese people; inhabitants or nationals of China

e

And; basic coordinating conjunction linking elements

agli

Contraction of 'a gli'; to the (masculine plural)

abitanti

Inhabitants, residents; people living in a place

delle

Contraction of 'di le'; of the (feminine plural)

Isole

Islands; landmasses surrounded entirely by water

quanto

As much as, how much; used in comparisons

a

To, at; basic Italian preposition indicating direction or location

voi

You (plural); second person plural pronoun

che

That, who, which; versatile conjunction or relative pronoun

leggete

You (plural) read; second person plural present tense

queste

These (feminine plural); demonstrative adjective or pronoun

pagine

Pages; sheets of a book or document

si

Reflexive pronoun; oneself, or impersonal subject marker

dice

One says, it is said; third person singular of dire

viviate

You (plural) live; subjunctive form of vivere

nel

Contraction of 'in il'; in the (masculine singular)

sulla

Contraction of 'su la'; on the (feminine singular)

vostra

Your (plural possessive, feminine singular); belonging to you all

condizione

Condition, state; the circumstances or situation of something

specialmente

Especially, particularly; used to single out one aspect

la

The (feminine singular definite article)

esteriore

External, outward; relating to the outside appearance

o

Or; coordinating conjunction presenting an alternative

le

The (feminine plural definite article)

circostanze

Circumstances; the conditions surrounding a situation or event

in

In, into; preposition indicating location or state

questo

This (masculine singular); demonstrative adjective or pronoun

mondo

World; the earth or a particular sphere of existence

questa

This (feminine singular); demonstrative adjective or pronoun

città

City, town; an urban settlement of people

com'è

How it is; contraction asking about the nature

se

If, whether; conjunction introducing conditional clauses

sia

Is, be; subjunctive form of essere (to be)

necessario

Necessary; something that must be or cannot be avoided

così

So, thus, like this; indicates manner or degree

cattiva

Bad, poor (feminine); of low quality or unpleasant nature

possa

Can, may; subjunctive form of potere (to be able)

essere

To be; fundamental Italian auxiliary and linking verb

migliorata

Improved (feminine past participle); made better or enhanced

Ho

I have; first person singular of avere, auxiliary verb

viaggiato

Traveled; past participle of viaggiare, to travel

molto

A lot, very much; adverb indicating high degree

ovunque

Everywhere, wherever; in every place or location

nei

Contraction of 'in i'; in the (masculine plural)

negozi

Shops, stores; commercial establishments selling goods

negli

Contraction of 'in gli'; in the (masculine plural)

uffici

Offices; workplaces where administrative tasks are performed

campi

Fields; open land used for farming or other purposes

gli

The (masculine plural) or to him; article or pronoun

mi

Me, to me; first person singular object pronoun

sono

Are, am; first or third person plural of essere

sembrati

Seemed (masculine plural past participle); appeared to be

fare

To do, to make; very common and versatile Italian verb

penitenza

Penance; suffering or hardship endured as atonement

mille

A thousand; the number 1000 in Italian

modi

Ways, manners; methods or fashions of doing something

straordinari

Extraordinary (plural); remarkable, unusual, beyond the ordinary

Ciò

That, this; neuter demonstrative pronoun referring to things

ho

I have; first person singular present of avere

sentito

Heard, felt; past participle of sentire

dei

Of the (masculine plural); contraction of 'di i'

seduti

Seated (masculine plural past participle); in a sitting position

esposti

Exposed (masculine plural past participle); left open to elements

quattro

Four; the cardinal number 4 in Italian

fuochi

Fires; burning flames or sources of heat and light

fissare

To stare at, to fix gaze upon; to look intently

il

The (masculine singular definite article)

sole

Sun; the star at the center of our solar system

faccia

Face; the front part of a person's head

appesi

Hung, suspended (masculine plural past participle); dangling in air

testa

Head; the uppermost part of the human body

giù

Down, downward; indicating direction toward a lower position

sopra

Above, on top of; indicating a higher position

fiamme

Flames; tongues of burning fire

guardare

To look at, to watch; to direct one's gaze

cielo

Sky, heaven; the expanse above the earth

oltre

Beyond, past; indicates going further than something

proprie

Own (feminine plural); belonging to oneself specifically

spalle

Shoulders; the upper body parts connecting arms to torso

«finché

Until, as long as; conjunction indicating duration or limit

diventa

Becomes; third person singular present of diventare

loro

Their, them; third person plural pronoun or possessive

impossibile

Impossible; not able to occur or be done

riprendere

To resume, to regain; to take back a previous state

posizione

Position; place, stance, or arrangement of body

naturale

Natural; existing in or caused by nature, normal

mentre

While, whereas; conjunction indicating simultaneous or contrasting actions

causa

Cause, reason; that which produces an effect

della

Of the (feminine singular); contraction of 'di la'

torsione

Twisting, torsion; the act of twisting a body part

del

Of the (masculine singular); contraction of 'di il'

collo

Neck; the body part connecting head to torso

nient'altro

Nothing else; no other thing besides what is mentioned

liquidi

Liquids; substances that flow freely, not solid or gas

può

Can, is able to; third person singular of potere

passare

To pass, to go through; to move from one place

nello

Contraction of 'in lo'; in the (masculine singular)

stomaco

Stomach; the digestive organ in the abdomen

vivere

To live; to be alive or to exist somewhere

incatenati

Chained (masculine plural past participle); bound with chains

per

For, through, in order to; versatile Italian preposition

tutta

All, entire (feminine singular); the whole of something

vita

Life; existence from birth to death

piedi

Feet; the lower extremities of the human body

di

Of, from; very common Italian preposition

un

A, an (masculine singular indefinite article)

albero

Tree; a tall woody plant with trunk and branches

misurare

To measure; to determine the size or extent of something

con

With; preposition indicating accompaniment or means

i

The (masculine plural definite article)

corpi

Bodies; physical structures of living organisms

come

Like, as, how; used for comparison or manner

bruchi

Caterpillars; larval stage of butterflies or moths

l'ampiezza

The breadth, width; the extent or expanse of something

vasti

Vast (masculine plural); extremely large in size or extent

imperi

Empires; large territories ruled by a single authority

stare

To stay, to stand, to be; indicates state or position

su

On, upon; preposition indicating position above something

una

A, an (feminine singular indefinite article)

gamba

Leg; the limb used for standing and walking

cima

Top, summit; the highest point of something

pilastri

Pillars, columns; vertical structures supporting weight above

persino

Even; used to emphasize something surprising or extreme

forme

Forms, shapes; the visible structure or appearance of things

consapevole

Aware, conscious; having knowledge or perception of something

appena

Barely, just; indicates a very small degree or recent time

più

More; indicates greater quantity or degree

incredibili

Incredible (plural); too extraordinary to be believed

stupefacenti

Astonishing, stunning (plural); causing great amazement or surprise

scene

Scenes; visual displays or episodes witnessed by someone

cui

Which, whom; relative pronoun used after prepositions

testimone

Witness; a person who sees or observes an event

ogni

Every, each; refers to all members of a group

giorno

Day; a period of 24 hours