Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience — Page 11

Vocabulary

Alcune

AHL-koo-neh — Some; referring to an unspecified number of things

cose

KOH-zeh — Things; objects or matters in general

sono

SOH-noh — Are; third person plural of 'essere'

davvero

dav-VEH-roh — Really, truly; used for emphasis

necessità

neh-cheh-see-TAH — Necessity; something essential or required

della

DEL-lah — Of the; feminine singular contraction

vita

VEE-tah — Life; the condition of being alive

in

een — In; preposition indicating location or state

certi

CHER-tee — Certain; some specific but unspecified ones

ambienti

am-BYEN-tee — Environments; surroundings or social settings

i

ee — The; masculine plural definite article

più

pyoo — More; the most; comparative/superlative adverb

bisognosi

bee-zoh-NYOH-zee — Needy; people lacking basic necessities

e

eh — And; basic coordinating conjunction

malati

mah-LAH-tee — Sick people; those suffering from illness

mentre

MEN-treh — While; whereas; indicating contrast or simultaneity

altri

AHL-tree — Others; other people or things

semplici

SEM-plee-chee — Simple; plain, uncomplicated things or people

lussi

LOOS-see — Luxuries; non-essential items of comfort or pleasure

ancora

an-KOH-rah — Still, yet, again; indicating continuation or repetition

del

del — Of the; masculine singular contraction

tutto

TOOT-toh — Completely, entirely; all or whole

sconosciute

skoh-noh-SHOO-teh — Unknown; not yet discovered or familiar

intero

een-TEH-roh — Entire, whole; complete without exception

terreno

teh-REH-noh — Ground, terrain; land or field of endeavor

umana

oo-MAH-nah — Human; relating to mankind or human nature

sembra

SEM-brah — Seems, appears; third person singular of 'sembrare'

ad

ahd — To, at; preposition used before vowels

alcuni

ahl-KOO-nee — Some; a few unspecified people or things

essere

ES-seh-reh — To be; fundamental Italian linking verb

stato

STAH-toh — Been; past participle of 'essere'

già

jah — Already; previously or by this point

percorso

per-KOR-soh — Traveled, covered; path or route traversed

dai

dai — By the; masculine plural contraction of 'da'

loro

LOH-roh — Their; third person plural possessive pronoun

predecessori

preh-deh-ches-SOH-ree — Predecessors; those who came before

sia

SEE-ah — Both, whether; subjunctive of 'essere'

le

leh — The; feminine plural definite article

vette

VET-teh — Peaks, summits; highest points of mountains

che

keh — That, which, than; versatile conjunction or pronoun

valli

VAL-lee — Valleys; low areas between hills or mountains

di

dee — Of, from; basic Italian preposition

tutte

TOOT-teh — All; feminine plural of 'tutto'

si

see — Oneself; reflexive pronoun or impersonal particle

sarebbe

sah-REB-beh — Would be; conditional of 'essere'

avuto

ah-VOO-toh — Had; past participle of 'avere'

cura

KOO-rah — Care; attention given to something or someone

Secondo

seh-KON-doh — According to; based on someone's view

saggio

SAJ-joh — Wise; a wise person or essay

prescrisse

preh-SKREES-seh — Prescribed; issued official rules or instructions

ordinanze

or-dee-NAN-tseh — Ordinances; official regulations or decrees

persino

per-SEE-noh — Even; surprisingly including something

per

pehr — For, through; preposition of purpose or means

distanze

dees-TAN-tseh — Distances; measured spaces between objects

tra

trah — Between, among; indicating position or relation

gli

lyee — The; masculine plural article before vowels

alberi

AHL-beh-ree — Trees; woody perennial plants

romani

roh-MAH-nee — Roman; relating to ancient or modern Rome

hanno

AHN-noh — Have; third person plural of 'avere'

stabilito

stah-bee-LEE-toh — Established; officially determined or set rules

quante

KWAHN-teh — How many; feminine plural interrogative adjective

volte

VOL-teh — Times; occurrences of a repeated action

possa

POS-sah — May, can; subjunctive of 'potere'

entrare

en-TRAH-reh — To enter; to go or come inside

nel

nel — In the; masculine singular contraction

proprio

PROH-pryoh — Own; belonging to oneself

vicino

vee-CHEE-noh — Neighbor; person living nearby

raccogliere

rah-KOL-yeh-reh — To collect, gather; to pick up objects

cadono

KAH-doh-noh — Fall; third person plural of 'cadere'

senza

SEN-tsah — Without; lacking something or someone

commettere

kom-MET-teh-reh — To commit; to carry out an offense

violazione

vyoh-lah-TSYOH-neh — Violation; breach of a law or right

proprietà

proh-pryeh-TAH — Property; something owned by a person

quale

KWAH-leh — Which, what; interrogative or relative pronoun

parte

PAR-teh — Part, share; a portion of a whole

spetti

SPET-tee — Should belong; subjunctive of 'spettare'

quel

kwel — That; masculine singular demonstrative adjective

lasciato

lah-SHAH-toh — Left behind; past participle of 'lasciare'

istruzioni

ees-troo-TSYOH-nee — Instructions; directions on how to do something

su

soo — On, about; preposition of position or topic

come

KOH-meh — How, like; manner or comparison

dovremmo

doh-VREM-moh — We should; conditional of 'dovere'

tagliarci

tah-LYAR-chee — To cut ourselves; reflexive cutting action

unghie

OON-gyeh — Nails; fingernails or toenails

vale

VAH-leh — Means, is worth; third singular of 'valere'

dire

DEE-reh — To say; to express in words

livello

lee-VEL-loh — Level; a particular height or standard

punta

POON-tah — Tip, point; the end of something

delle

DEL-leh — Of the; feminine plural contraction

dita

DEE-tah — Fingers; digits of the hand

né

neh — Neither, nor; negative conjunction

corte

KOR-teh — Short; brief in length

lunghe

LOON-geh — Long; extended in length

Indubbiamente

een-doob-byah-MEN-teh — Undoubtedly; without any question or doubt

tedio

TEH-dyoh — Tedium; feeling of weariness from dullness

noia

NOY-ah — Boredom; state of being uninterested

stessa

STES-sah — Same, itself; feminine singular of 'stesso'

pretendono

preh-TEN-doh-noh — Claim, pretend; assert something without proof

aver

ah-VER — To have; infinitive of 'avere' truncated

esaurito

eh-zow-REE-toh — Exhausted; completely used up or depleted

varietà

vah-ryeh-TAH — Variety; diversity of types or experiences

gioie

JOY-eh — Joys; feelings of great happiness or pleasure

vecchi

VEK-kee — Old; elderly people or aged things

quanto

KWAHN-toh — As much as, how much; comparative quantity

Ma

mah — But; conjunction introducing contrast

capacità

kah-pah-chee-TAH — Capacity, ability; potential to do something

uomo

WOH-moh — Man; adult male or humankind generally

non

nohn — Not; basic negation word

mai

MAH-ee — Never, ever; at no time

misurate

mee-zoo-RAH-teh — Measured; assessed or determined by measurement

dobbiamo

dob-BYAH-moh — We must; first person plural of 'dovere'

giudicare

joo-dee-KAH-reh — To judge; to form an opinion or verdict

ciò

choh — That, what; neutral demonstrative pronoun

egli

EL-lyee — He; formal third person masculine singular pronoun

può

pwoh — Can; third person singular of 'potere'

fare

To do, to make; fundamental action verb

base

BAH-zeh — Basis, base; foundation or starting point

qualsiasi

kwahl-SYAH-zee — Any, whatever; of any kind whatsoever

precedente

preh-cheh-DEN-teh — Previous, preceding; coming before in time

così

koh-ZEE — So, thus; in this way or manner

poco

POH-koh — Little, few; a small amount

tentato

ten-TAH-toh — Tempted, attempted; tried or been lured

Quali

KWAH-lee — Which, what; plural interrogative pronoun

siano

SYAH-noh — May be; third person plural present subjunctive

Stati

STAH-tee — Been; plural past participle of 'essere'

finora

fee-NOH-rah — Until now, so far; up to this moment

tuoi

TWOY — Your; second person singular masculine plural possessive

fallimenti

fal-lee-MEN-tee — Failures; instances of not succeeding

affliggerti

af-FLEEJ-jer-tee — To afflict yourself; to grieve or distress oneself

figlio

FEE-lyoh — Son; male offspring

mio

MEE-oh — My; first person singular possessive adjective

poiché

poy-KEH — Since, because; causal conjunction

chi

kee — Who; interrogative or relative pronoun

potrà

poh-TRAH — Will be able; future tense of 'potere'

attribuirti

at-tree-boo-EER-tee — To attribute to you; to assign blame to you

hai

ai — You have; second singular of 'avere'

incompiuto

een-kom-PYOO-toh — Unfinished; something not completed

Potremmo

poh-TREM-moh — We could; first person plural conditional

mettere

MET-teh-reh — To put, place; to set something somewhere

alla

AL-lah — To the; feminine singular contraction

prova

PROH-vah — Test, trial; an attempt or examination

nostre

NOS-treh — Our; feminine plural possessive adjective

vite

VEE-teh — Lives; plural of 'vita'

con

kon — With; preposition indicating accompaniment

mille

MEEL-leh — Thousand; the number 1000

prove

PROH-veh — Tests, proofs; plural of 'prova'

esempio

eh-ZEM-pyoh — Example; an instance used to illustrate something

fatto

FAT-toh — Done, made; past participle of 'fare'

lo

loh — It, him; masculine singular object pronoun

stesso

STES-soh — Same; identical to what was mentioned

sole

SOH-leh — Sun; the star at the center of our solar system

matura

mah-TOO-rah — Ripens; causes something to mature or grow

miei

MYEH-ee — My; first person plural masculine possessive

fagioli

fah-JOH-lee — Beans; edible legume seeds

illumina

eel-LOO-mee-nah — Illuminates; lights up or brightens something

al

ahl — To the; masculine singular contraction

tempo

TEM-poh — Time, weather; a period or meteorological condition

un

oon — A, an; masculine singular indefinite article

sistema

sees-TEH-mah — System; an organized set of connected things

terre

TER-reh — Lands; territories or areas of ground

simile

SEE-mee-leh — Similar; resembling something else

nostro

NOS-troh — Our; first person plural possessive adjective

Se

seh — If; conditional conjunction

me

meh — Me; first person singular object pronoun

ne

neh — Of it, about it; partitive pronoun

fossi

FOS-see — Had been; imperfect subjunctive of 'essere'

ricordato

ree-kor-DAH-toh — Remembered; past participle of 'ricordare'

avrei

av-REH-ee — I would have; conditional of 'avere'

evitato

eh-vee-TAH-toh — Avoided; past participle of 'evitare'

errori

er-ROH-ree — Errors, mistakes; things done incorrectly