Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience — Page 1

Vocabulary

および

oyobi — and; as well as; along with

市民

shimin — citizen; civilian; member of society

的

teki — suffix meaning '-ic', '-al', or '-like'

不服従

fufukujū — disobedience; refusal to comply with authority

の

no — possessive or linking particle connecting nouns

義務

gimu — duty; obligation; responsibility

について

ni tsuite — about; concerning; regarding a topic

著

cho — written by; authored by (used after author name)

目次

mokuji — table of contents; index of chapters

経済

keizai — economy; economics; financial matters

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun

が

ga — subject marker particle in Japanese grammar

住ん

sunde — living (conjunctive form of 住む, to live)

だ

da — plain form copula meaning 'is' or 'was'

場所

basho — place; location; spot; venue

そして

soshite — and then; and; furthermore; in addition

何

nani / nан — what; which thing; used in questions

ため

tame — for the purpose of; for the sake of

に

ni — particle indicating direction, purpose, or location

生き

iki — living (stem form of 生きる, to live)

た

ta — past tense auxiliary verb ending

か

ka — question particle; or; whether

読書

dokusho — reading books; the act of reading

音

oto — sound; noise; audio; tone

孤独

kodoku — solitude; loneliness; isolation from others

訪問者

hōmonsha — visitor; caller; guest who comes to visit

豆

mame — bean; legume; pea; small seed vegetable

畑

hatake — field; farm; cultivated land for crops

村

mura — village; small rural community or settlement

池

ike — pond; small body of still water

農場

nōjō — farm; agricultural estate; farming facility

より

yori — than; from; more than (comparison particle)

高い

takai — high; tall; expensive; elevated in degree

法則

hōsoku — law; rule; principle governing phenomena

野生

yasei — wild; untamed; living in nature freely

隣人

rinjin — neighbor; person living nearby

たち

tachi — plural suffix for people or living beings

家

ie / uchi — house; home; dwelling; family residence

暖め

atatame — warming; heating (stem of 暖める, to warm)

かつて

katsute — once; formerly; in the past; at one time

住人

jūnin — resident; inhabitant; person living in a place

と

to — and; with; quotation particle in Japanese

冬

fuyu — winter; the cold season of the year

動物

dōbutsu — animal; creature; living organism (non-plant)

春

haru — spring; the season after winter

結論

ketsuron — conclusion; final determination; closing argument

は

wa — topic marker particle in Japanese grammar

落胆

rakutan — disappointment; discouragement; dejection; despair

へ

e — directional particle indicating movement toward

を

o — direct object particle in Japanese grammar

書こう

kakō — let's write; volitional form of 書く (to write)

する

suru — to do; to perform; general action verb

で

de — particle indicating location, means, or scope

なく

naku — without; not having; negative conjunctive form

ただ

tada — merely; only; just; simply; for free

目覚め

mezame — awakening; waking up; rousing from sleep

させる

saseru — causative form: to make someone do something

だけ

dake — only; just; merely; no more than

あっ

a(tte) — being; existing (conjunctive of ある, to be)

て

te — conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases

も

mo — also; too; even; as well (inclusive particle)

止まり木

tomarigi — perch; roosting branch for a bird

上

ue — above; on top of; upper position

立つ

tatsu — to stand; to rise up; to take position

朝

asa — morning; the early part of the day

よう

yō — like; as if; in the manner of; appearing

力いっぱい

chikara ippai — with all one's strength; as hard as possible

自慢

jiman — boasting; pride; showing off; bragging

しよう

shiyō — let's do; volitional form of する (to do)

以下

ika — below; the following; less than or equal to

ページ

pēji — page; a single side of a printed sheet

書い

kaite — writing (conjunctive form of 書く, to write)

とき

toki — time; moment; occasion; when something happens

という

to iu — called; known as; named; described as

その

sono — that; the (demonstrative pronoun for nearby referent)

ほとんど

hotondo — mostly; almost; nearly; for the most part

州

shū — state; province; prefecture-level region

ほとり

hotori — vicinity; shore; bank; near the edge of water

自分

jibun — oneself; one's own self; reflexive pronoun

建て

tate — building; construction (stem of 建てる, to build)

最寄り

moyori — nearest; closest (especially nearest station or town)

から

kara — from; because; since; starting point particle

一

ichi / hito — one; the number one; first

マイル

mairu — mile; unit of distance (~1.6 kilometers)

離れ

hanare — away; separated (stem of 離れる, to be distant)

森

mori — forest; woods; dense growth of trees

中

naka — inside; within; middle; among

一人

hitori — one person; alone; by oneself

暮らし

kurashi — living; livelihood; daily life; way of living

もっぱら

moppara — exclusively; solely; entirely; devoted to one thing

手

te — hand; arm; handiwork; manual effort

労働

rōdō — labor; work; toil; manual or physical effort

によって

ni yotte — by means of; through; depending on; due to

生計

seikei — livelihood; living; means of supporting oneself

立て

tate — establishing; setting up (stem of 立てる)

い

i — being (stem of いる, to exist/be present)

そこ

soko — there; that place; that location

二年

ninen — two years; a period of two years

二

ni — two; the number two

ヶ月

kagetsu — months (counter for duration of months)

間

aida / kan — between; during; interval; period of time

現在

genzai — present time; now; current state of affairs

再び

futatabi — again; once more; a second time

文明

bunmei — civilization; culture; enlightened human society

社会

shakai — society; community; the social world

旅人

tabibito — traveler; wanderer; person on a journey

ある

aru — to exist; to be; to have (inanimate things)

もし

moshi — if; in case; supposing; used for conditionals

町

machi — town; city district; urban neighborhood

人々

hitobito — people; folks; various persons; the public

生活

seikatsu — life; daily living; lifestyle; way of life

様式

yōshiki — style; mode; form; manner of doing things

非常

hijō — very; extremely; emergency; highly unusual

詳細

shōsai — details; particulars; minute specifics; thorough account

な

na — adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns

問い合わせ

toiawase — inquiry; question; request for information

し

shi — doing (conjunctive of する); and; moreover

なけれ

nakere — conditional negative: if there is not; unless

ば

ba — conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'

これほど

korehodo — to this extent; this much; so much

こと

koto — thing; matter; fact; abstract nominalization

読者

dokusha — reader; person who reads a book or text

注意

chūi — attention; caution; notice; warning

押しつける

oshitsukeru — to impose; to push onto; to force upon someone

なかっ

nakatta — did not (past negative form of ない)

あろう

arō — probably is; volitional/presumptive form of ある

無礼

burei — rudeness; impoliteness; disrespect; discourtesy

呼ぶ

yobu — to call; to name; to summon; to invite

人

hito — person; human being; individual; someone

いる

iru — to be; to exist (for animate beings)

だろう

darō — probably; I suppose; presumptive copula form

まったく

mattaku — completely; utterly; entirely; not at all (negative)

思われ

omoware — seems; is thought (passive/potential of 思う)

ず

zu — without doing; negative conjunctive verb ending

事情

jijō — circumstances; situation; reasons; state of affairs

考えれ

kangaere — if one considers (conditional of 考える, to think)

ごく

goku — very; extremely; quite; utterly natural

自然

shizen — nature; natural; spontaneous; without artificiality

適切

tekisetsu — appropriate; suitable; proper; fitting for purpose

もの

mono — thing; object; abstract matter; one who is

思われる

omowareru — to seem; to appear; to be thought of as

食べ

tabe — eating (stem of 食べる, to eat)

感じ

kanji — feeling; sense; impression; sensation

怖く

kowaku — frighteningly; fearfully (adverbial form of 怖い)

といった

to itta — such as; like; things called; for example

尋ねる

tazuneru — to ask; to inquire; to question; to visit