Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience — Page 2

Vocabulary

私

watashi — First-person pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'

が

ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar

収入

shūnyū — Income or earnings from work or investments

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns

どれほど

dorehodo — To what extent; how much or how great

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object

慈善

jizen — Charity; benevolent giving to those in need

目的

mokuteki — Purpose, goal, or objective of an action

に

ni — Direction or purpose particle; to, for, at

充て

ate — Allocate or devote resources to a purpose

て

te — Conjunctive verb form connecting sequential actions

いる

iru — To exist; indicates ongoing action or state

か

ka — Question marker particle at sentence end

知り

shiri — Stem form of 'to know' or 'to find out'

たがっ

tagatte — Wanting to do; showing desire for an action

人

hito — Person or people; a human individual

も

mo — Inclusive particle meaning 'also' or 'too'

いれ

ire — Conditional form of 'iru'; if there are

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'

大

dai / ō — Large, great; prefix indicating size or scale

家族

kazoku — Family; a group of related people living together

抱える

kakaeru — To have or hold; to bear a burden or responsibility

中

naka / chū — Inside, among, or in the middle of something

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting the sentence subject

何人

nannin — How many people; an unspecified number of persons

貧しい

mazushii — Poor, impoverished; lacking sufficient money or resources

子供

kodomo — Child or children; young person

たち

tachi — Pluralizing suffix for people or animate beings

養っ

yashinatte — Supporting or raising; providing for dependents financially

それゆえ

soreyue — Therefore, consequently; used to indicate logical conclusion

という

to iu — Called, named; used to quote or define something

人間

ningen — Human being; mankind or a person in general

特別

tokubetsu — Special, particular; distinct from others in some way

な

na — Adjectival linking particle for na-adjectives

関心

kanshin — Interest or concern in a particular subject

持た

mota — Negative stem of 'motsu'; not holding or having

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; indicates negation of a verb

読者

dokusha — Reader; a person who reads a text or book

方々

katagata — Honorific plural for people; ladies and gentlemen

この

kono — This; demonstrative adjective referring to nearby thing

本

hon — Book; a bound written or printed publication

で

de — Particle indicating place, means, or manner of action

それら

sorera — Those; plural demonstrative pronoun for distant things

問い

toi — Question, inquiry; act of asking something

いくつか

ikutsuka — Some, a few; an unspecified small number

答えよう

kotaeyō — Volitional form of 'to answer'; let us answer

と

to — Quotation particle or conjunction meaning 'and' or 'that'

する

suru — To do; the most general action verb in Japanese

こと

koto — Thing, matter, fact; nominalizer for verb phrases

お

o — Honorific prefix added to nouns or verbs

許し

yurushi — Permission or forgiveness; allowing something to proceed

いただき

itadaki — Humble form of receiving; please allow me to receive

たい

tai — Desiderative suffix expressing the speaker's wish

たいてい

taitei — Usually, generally; in most cases or situations

すなわち

sunawachi — Namely, that is to say; used for clarification

一人称

ichininsho — First person; grammatical perspective of the speaker

省か

habuka — Omitted or left out; eliminated from text or speech

れる

reru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix

もの

mono — Thing, object; also softens statements or explanations

だ

da — Copula; plain form of 'is' or 'are'

残さ

nokosa — Leaving behind; stem of 'to leave or remain'

自己

jiko — Self; oneself, used in compound words about identity

中心

chūshin — Center, core; the focal point of something

性

sei — Nature, quality, or characteristic; suffix for traits

点

ten — Point, aspect, spot; a specific feature or location

において

ni oite — In, at, regarding; formal expression for context

それ

sore — That; demonstrative pronoun for something not nearby

主

omo / nushi — Main, primary; the chief or principal element

違い

chigai — Difference; distinction between two things or ideas

ある

aru — To exist or be; used for inanimate things

ふつう

futsū — Ordinary, normal, usually; the common or average state

結局

kekkyoku — In the end, after all; ultimately or finally

ところ

tokoro — Place, point, situation; used in various expressions

常

tsune — Always, constantly; something that is perpetually true

語っ

katatte — Speaking or telling; past conjunctive of 'to speak'

忘れ

wasure — Forgetting; stem of 'to forget' something

同じ

onaji — Same, identical; equal in nature or quality

くらい

kurai — About, approximately; degree or extent of something

よく

yoku — Well, often; frequently or in a good manner

知っ

shitte — Knowing; conjunctive form of 'to know'

他

hoka / ta — Other, another; something or someone different

誰か

dareka — Someone, somebody; an unspecified person

これほど

korehodo — This much, to this extent; such a degree

自分

jibun — Oneself; reflexive pronoun referring to the self

自身

jishin — Oneself, itself; emphatic reflexive expression

について

ni tsuite — About, concerning; regarding a topic or subject

語る

kataru — To speak or tell; to narrate a story or topic

だろう

darō — Probably, I suppose; expresses conjecture or assumption

残念

zannen — Unfortunate, regrettable; expressing disappointment or sorrow

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneous action conjunction

経験

keiken — Experience; knowledge gained through personal involvement

狭さ

semasa — Narrowness, limitedness; the quality of being restricted

によって

ni yotte — By means of, due to; indicating cause or method

テーマ

tēma — Theme, topic; the main subject of discussion

縛ら

shibara — Bound, restricted; stem of 'to tie or constrain'

さらに

sara ni — Furthermore, moreover; adding to a previous statement

いえ

ie — Nay, rather; used to correct or strengthen a claim

あらゆる

arayuru — Every, all kinds of; encompassing all possibilities

作家

sakka — Author, writer; a person who creates literary works

対し

taishi — Toward, regarding; in relation to someone or something

遅かれ

osokare — Whether late; part of 'sooner or later' expression

早かれ

hayakare — Whether early; part of 'sooner or later' expression

他人

tanin — Other people, strangers; those unrelated to oneself

人生

jinsei — Life; one's entire human life and experience

聞き

kiki — Listening or asking; stem of 'to hear or inquire'

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary indicating completed action

だけ

dake — Only, just; limiting to a specific amount or thing

なく

naku — Without; conjunctive negative form of 'nai'

率直

sotchoku — Frank, straightforward; honest and direct in expression

誠実

seijitsu — Sincere, faithful; genuinely honest in character

記述

kijutsu — Description, account; a written record of something

求める

motomeru — To seek, demand, or request something earnestly

遠い

tōi — Far, distant; physically or metaphorically remote

土地

tochi — Land, place; a region or area of ground

から

kara — From; indicates starting point in time or space

肉親

nikushin — Blood relative; a close family member by birth

送る

okuru — To send; to dispatch something or someone

よう

yō — It seems; expresses resemblance or instruction

あり

ari — Existence; conjunctive form of 'aru' (to exist)

もし

moshi — If; used to introduce a hypothetical condition

彼

kare — He, him; third-person masculine pronoun

生き

iki — Living; stem of 'ikiru', to live or survive

なら

nara — If it is the case; conditional copula form

にとって

ni totte — For, from the perspective of someone or something

あっ

atte — Being; conjunctive form of 'aru' (to be)

違いない

chigainai — Must be, certainly; expressing strong certainty

おそらく

osoraku — Probably, perhaps; expressing a likely supposition

より

yori — More than, from; comparative or source particle

学生

gakusei — Student; a person enrolled in school or university

向け

muke — Aimed at, intended for a specific audience

書か

kaka — Written; negative or passive stem of 'to write'

その他

sonohoka — Other, the rest; things not previously mentioned

については

ni tsuite wa — As for; regarding a particular topic or subject

当てはまる

atehamaru — To apply, fit; to be applicable to a situation

部分

bubun — Part, portion; a section of a larger whole

受け入れ

ukoire — Acceptance; stem of 'to accept or receive'

くれる

kureru — To give; someone does something for the speaker

上着

uwagi — Jacket, coat; an outer garment worn on top

着る

kiru — To wear, put on clothing on the upper body

とき

toki — Time, moment, when; referring to a specific occasion

縫い目

nuime — Seam; the line where pieces of fabric are joined

引き伸ばす

hikinobasu — To stretch out, enlarge; to extend something further

信じ

shinji — Believing; stem of 'to believe or trust'

なぜ

naze — Why; asking for a reason or cause

合う

au — To fit, match; to suit or be compatible

十分

jūbun — Sufficient, enough; adequate in quantity or quality

役立つ

yakudatsu — To be useful, helpful; to serve a practical purpose