Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience — Page 3

Vocabulary

私

watashi — First-person pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the sentence topic.

むしろ

mushiro — Adverb meaning 'rather' or 'instead'.

中国人

chūgokujin — A person of Chinese nationality or ethnicity.

や

ya — Particle listing examples, meaning 'and' or 'or'.

サンドウィッチ

sandoicchi — Sandwich; two bread slices with filling between.

諸島

shotō — A group of islands; an archipelago.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle, meaning 'of'.

人々

hitobito — People; plural form of person or human.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or indirect object.

つい

tsui — Adverb meaning 'unintentionally' or 'just recently'.

て

te — Conjunctive verb ending connecting actions sequentially.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means.

なく

naku — Negative conjunctive form of 'nai', meaning 'not'.

住む

sumu — To live or reside in a place.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker.

言わ

iwa — Stem form of 'iu', meaning 'to say' or 'to tell'.

れる

reru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.

この

kono — Demonstrative adjective meaning 'this' (near speaker).

ページ

pēji — A page, as in a book or document.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating the direct object.

読む

yomu — To read text, a book, or written material.

あなた

anata — Second-person pronoun meaning 'you'.

方

kata — Polite word for person; also means 'direction' or 'way'.

何

nani — Interrogative pronoun meaning 'what'.

か

ka — Question particle or indefinite marker meaning 'something'.

語り

katari — Narration or telling; stem of 'kataru' (to tell).

たい

tai — Auxiliary expressing desire or wish to do something.

状況

jōkyō — Situation, circumstances, or current state of affairs.

とりわけ

toriwake — Especially or in particular; above all else.

世

yo — The world, society, or an era of time.

おける

okeru — Verb meaning 'to be in' or 'regarding'; found in.

町

machi — A town or neighborhood; a city district.

外的

gaiteki — External or outward; relating to outside conditions.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

境遇

kyōgū — One's personal circumstances or life situation.

それ

sore — Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'that' (near listener).

が

ga — Subject-marking particle indicating the grammatical subject.

いかなる

ikanaru — Whatever kind of; no matter what sort.

もの

mono — Thing, object, or matter in general.

ある

aru — To exist or be (for inanimate objects or abstract things).

今

ima — Now; the present moment in time.

よう

yō — Auxiliary meaning 'seems like' or 'in the manner of'.

悪く

waruku — Adverbial form of 'bad'; badly or poorly.

必要

hitsuyō — Necessity; something needed or required.

改善

kaizen — Improvement or betterment of a condition or situation.

でき

deki — Stem of 'dekiru'; to be able or capable.

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary meaning 'not' or 'does not exist'.

どう

dō — Interrogative adverb meaning 'how' or 'in what way'.

ずいぶん

zuibun — Considerably; quite a lot; to a great degree.

旅

tabi — A journey, trip, or travel experience.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of 'suru'; also a listing conjunction.

き

ki — Stem of 'kuru' (to come) used in compound forms.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary indicating completed action.

そし

soshi — Shortened form of 'soshite', meaning 'and then'.

どこ

doko — Interrogative pronoun meaning 'where' or 'what place'.

も

mo — Particle meaning 'also', 'even', or 'any' (with negation).

店

mise — A shop, store, or commercial establishment.

事務所

jimusho — An office or administrative workplace.

野原

nohara — An open field or meadow in the countryside.

住民

jūmin — Residents or inhabitants of a place.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix used for people or living beings.

実に

jitsu ni — Truly, indeed, or really; emphasizing a statement.

さまざま

samazama — Various, diverse, or of many different kinds.

驚く

odoroku — To be surprised or astonished by something.

べき

beki — Auxiliary indicating obligation or something that should be.

仕方

shikata — A way, method, or manner of doing something.

苦行

kugyō — Ascetic practice; severe self-discipline or penance.

行っ

itte / okonatte — Conjunctive form of 'iku' (go) or 'okonau' (carry out).

いる

iru — To exist or be (for animate beings); progressive auxiliary.

見え

mie — Stem of 'mieru'; to appear or be visible.

四方

shihō — All four directions; all sides surrounding a point.

火

hi — Fire or flame; burning light and heat source.

れ

re — Passive verb ending indicating being acted upon.

ながら

nagara — Conjunction meaning 'while doing' two simultaneous actions.

座り

suwari — Stem of 'suwaru'; the act of sitting down.

太陽

taiyō — The sun; the central star of our solar system.

顔

kao — Face; the front part of a person's head.

見つめる

mitsumeru — To stare at or gaze fixedly at something.

聞い

kiite — Conjunctive form of 'kiku'; to listen or hear.

こと

koto — An abstract thing, fact, or nominalized verb phrase.

頭

atama — Head; the uppermost part of a human body.

下

shita — Below, underneath, or the lower part of something.

炎

honō — Flame or blaze; intense burning fire.

上

ue — Above, top, or upper part of something.

逆さ

sakasa — Upside down or in reverse orientation.

吊り下げ

tsurisage — Hanging down; suspending something from above.

られる

rareru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb ending.

自然

shizen — Nature; also natural, as opposed to artificial.

姿勢

shisei — Posture, stance, or attitude of the body.

戻る

modoru — To return or go back to a previous state.

不可能

fukanō — Impossible; something that cannot be done or achieved.

首

kubi — Neck; the part connecting head to shoulders.

ねじれ

nejire — A twist or torsion; being twisted out of shape.

ため

tame — Because of; for the sake of; due to a reason.

液体

ekitai — Liquid; a fluid substance that flows freely.

しか

shika — Particle meaning 'only' used with negative predicates.

胃

i — The stomach; digestive organ inside the abdomen.

入ら

haira — Negative stem of 'hairu'; to enter or go inside.

なる

naru — To become; to turn into a new state.

まで

made — Particle meaning 'until', 'up to', or 'as far as'.

肩越し

katagoshi — Over the shoulder; looking back over one's shoulder.

天

ten — The sky, heavens, or celestial realm above.

仰ぎ

aogi — Looking upward; gazing up at something above.

続ける

tsuzukeru — To continue or keep doing an action.

一生

isshō — One's whole life; an entire lifetime.

木

ki — A tree or wood; a woody plant.

根元

nemoto — The base or root of a tree or object.

鎖

kusari — A chain; linked metal rings used to bind or connect.

つながれ

tsunagare — Passive form of 'tsunagu'; to be chained or tied.

暮らす

kurasu — To live, spend one's days, or make a living.

芋虫

imomushi — A caterpillar; the larval stage of a butterfly or moth.

体

karada — The body; the physical form of a living being.

広大

kōdai — Vast, expansive, or immense in extent.

帝国

teikoku — An empire; a large territory under imperial rule.

広さ

hirosa — Breadth or size; the extent of a space.

測る

hakaru — To measure or gauge the size or amount of something.

柱

hashira — A pillar, column, or post supporting a structure.

頂上

chōjō — The summit or very top of something.

片足

katashi — One foot or one leg; standing on a single leg.

立ち

tachi — Stem of 'tatsu'; the act of standing up.

これら

korera — These (plural); referring to multiple nearby things.

意識的

ishikiteki — Conscious, deliberate, or done with awareness.

形

katachi — Shape, form, or outward appearance of something.

さえ

sae — Particle meaning 'even' or 'as long as'.

日々

hibi — Day by day; everyday or daily occurrences.

目

me — Eye; the organ used for seeing.

する

suru — To do; a general verb for performing an action.

光景

kōkei — A scene, sight, or spectacle witnessed visually.

より

yori — Particle meaning 'than' used in comparisons.

ほとんど

hotondo — Almost, mostly, or nearly all of something.

信じ

shinji — Stem of 'shinjiru'; to believe or have faith in.

難く

gataku — Adverbial form of 'difficult'; hard to do or accept.

言え

ie — Potential or imperative form of 'iu'; can be said.