Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience — Page 4

Vocabulary

の

no — Possessive or descriptive particle linking nouns

十二

jūni — The number twelve

功業

kōgyō — Great feat, heroic achievement, or exploit

も

mo — Particle meaning 'also', 'even', or 'too'

私

watashi — First-person pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'

隣人

rinjin — Neighbor, person living nearby

たち

tachi — Plural suffix indicating a group of people

が

ga — Subject marker particle identifying the grammatical subject

引き受け

hikiuke — To take on, accept, or undertake a task

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending

もの

mono — Thing, matter, or something concrete or abstract

と

to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or 'compared to'

比べれ

くらべれ (kurabere) — Conditional form of 'kuraberu', to compare

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'

取る

toru — To take, get, or obtain something

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or purpose

足ら

tara — Stem of 'tariru', to be sufficient or worthy

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary meaning 'not' or 'does not'

だ

da — Copula meaning 'is' or 'it is'

なぜなら

nazenara — Conjunction meaning 'because' or 'the reason is'

それ

sore — Pronoun meaning 'that' or 'it'

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting the sentence topic

たった

tatta — Adverb meaning 'only', 'merely', or 'just'

で

de — Particle indicating location, means, or context

あり

ari — Conjunctive form of 'aru', meaning 'to be/exist'

終わり

owari — End, conclusion, or finishing of something

あっ

a' — Colloquial contracted form of 'aru', to exist

から

kara — Particle meaning 'from', 'because', or 'since'

しかし

shikashi — Conjunction meaning 'however', 'but', or 'yet'

この

kono — Demonstrative meaning 'this' modifying a noun

人々

hitobito — People, persons, folks (plural of 'hito')

怪物

kaibutsu — Monster, creature, or fearsome supernatural being

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object

退治

taiji — To exterminate, defeat, or subdue a threat

し

shi — Conjunctive verb form linking multiple actions

たり

tari — Particle listing representative actions or examples

捕らえ

torae — To capture, catch, or seize someone or something

あるいは

aruiwa — Conjunction meaning 'or', 'alternatively', or 'either'

何らか

nanraka — Some kind of, some sort of (vague reference)

労働

rōdō — Labor, work, toil, or physical effort

成し遂げ

nashitoge — To accomplish, achieve, or complete a great task

する

suru — To do, perform, or carry out an action

見

mi — Stem of 'miru', to see or look

覚え

oboe — Memory, recollection, or remembering something

彼ら

karera — Third-person plural pronoun meaning 'they' or 'them'

熱し

nesshi — To heat up, become hot or passionate

鉄

tetsu — Iron, the metal element

首

kubi — Neck or head, also used for counting heads

根

ne — Root, base, or foundation of something

焼い

yaki — Conjunctive form of 'yaku', to burn or scorch

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential actions

くれる

kureru — To give (to speaker), to do a favor for one

よう

yō — Resembling, like, or in the manner of something

な

na — Adjectival copula linking adjective to following noun

友

tomo — Friend, companion, or close ally

い

i — Conjunctive form of 'iru', to exist (animate)

一つ

hitotsu — One thing, one unit (native Japanese counter)

潰せ

tsubuse — Imperative of 'tsubusu', to crush or destroy

すぐ

sugu — Immediately, right away, or very soon

二つ

futatsu — Two things, two units (native Japanese counter)

生え

hae — To grow, sprout, or emerge from a surface

くる

kuru — To come, or auxiliary indicating action toward speaker

若者

wakamono — Young person, youth, or young adult

見る

miru — To see, look at, or observe something

町

machi — Town, city district, or urban area

不幸

fukō — Misfortune, unhappiness, or bad luck

農場

nōjō — Farm, agricultural estate or property

家屋

kaoku — House, dwelling, or residential building

納屋

naya — Barn, shed, or storage building on a farm

家畜

kachiku — Livestock, domestic animals raised on a farm

農具

nōgu — Farming tools, agricultural implements

受け継い

uketsui — To inherit, succeed to, or take over from another

しまっ

shima' — Auxiliary indicating an action completed (often regrettably)

こと

koto — Thing, fact, matter (nominalizer for events)

ある

aru — To exist, to be, or to have (inanimate)

これら

korera — These things, this set of items (plural demonstrative)

手放す

tebanasu — To let go of, release, or give up possession

より

yori — Comparative particle meaning 'than' or 'from'

手

te — Hand, arm, or means of doing something

入れる

ireru — To put in, insert, or acquire something

方

hō — Direction, side, or alternative (comparative usage)

はるか

haruka — Far, much more, by a great degree (adverb)

容易

yōi — Easy, simple, or not difficult

むしろ

mushiro — Rather, instead, or on the contrary

広い

hiroi — Wide, broad, spacious, or large in area

牧草地

bokusōchi — Pasture, meadow, or grassland for grazing animals

生まれ

umare — Birth, origin, or to be born (noun/verb stem)

狼

ōkami — Wolf, wild canine predator

乳

chichi — Milk, breast milk, or nurturing sustenance

与え

atae — To give, provide, or grant something to someone

られ

rare — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix

よかっ

yokka' — Past form of 'yoi', it would have been good

そう

sō — That way, so, or it seems like that

すれ

sure — Conditional form of 'suru', if one does

自分

jibun — Oneself, one's own self (reflexive pronoun)

どの

dono — Which (adjective modifying a noun in question)

野原

nohara — Field, plain, or open grassy area

働く

hataraku — To work, labor, or be employed

れ

re — Passive auxiliary verb form suffix

いる

iru — To exist, be present (animate beings)

か

ka — Question particle at end of sentence

もっと

motto — More, to a greater degree (adverb)

澄ん

sun — Clear, pure, or unclouded (from 'sumu')

目

me — Eye, vision, or perspective

でき

deki — Stem of 'dekiru', to be able to or possible

であろう

dearō — Probably is, likely to be (speculative copula)

誰

dare — Who, which person (interrogative pronoun)

土地

tochi — Land, ground, or plot of earth

農奴

nōdo — Serf, agricultural slave bound to the land

人間

ningen — Human being, person, or humanity in general

ほんの

hon'no — Merely, just a little, only a tiny bit

一握り

hitonigirii — A handful, a small amount grasped in one hand

土

tsuchi — Soil, earth, dirt, or ground

食べる

taberu — To eat, consume food

宿命づけ

shukumeidzuke — To destine, to fate someone to something

という

to iu — Called, known as, or meaning (quotative phrase)

なぜ

naze — Why, for what reason (interrogative adverb)

六十

rokujū — The number sixty

食い尽くさ

kuitsukusa — To devour completely, consume entirely (potential stem)

なけれ

nakere — Negative conditional stem meaning 'must' or 'if not'

なら

nara — Conditional 'if it is' or 'in that case'

生まれる

umareru — To be born, to come into existence

や

ya — Particle meaning 'and', listing items loosely

墓

haka — Grave, tomb, or burial site

掘り

hori — Digging, excavating (stem of 'horu')

始め

hajime — Beginning, start, or to begin something

すべて

subete — All, everything, the whole of something

前

mae — Before, in front of, or prior to

押し

oshi — Push, pressing force (stem of 'osu')

ながら

nagara — While doing, simultaneously (conjunctive particle)

人

hito — Person, human being, or individual

として

to shite — As, in the capacity of, in the role of

生

sei / shō — Life, living, or being alive

生き

iki — Living, to live (stem of 'ikiru')

できる

dekiru — To be able to, can, possible

限り

kagiri — Limit, extent, as long as or as much as possible

うまく

umaku — Skillfully, well, successfully (adverb)

やっ

ya' — Colloquial contracted form of 'yaru', to do

いか

ika — Stem of 'iku', to go; or negative conjectural form

これ

kore — This, this thing (near demonstrative pronoun)

まで

made — Until, up to, as far as (particle of extent)

いかに

ikani — How, in what way, to what extent (literary adverb)

多く

ōku — Many, much, a large number or amount

哀れ

aware — Pitiful, wretched, or evoking sadness and pathos

不滅

fumetsu — Immortal, undying, or indestructible

魂

tamashii — Soul, spirit, or inner essence of a being

出会っ

deai' — To have met, encountered (past stem of 'deau')

重荷

omoni — Heavy burden, load, or oppressive weight

下

shita — Under, below, or beneath something

ほとんど

hotondo — Almost, nearly, or mostly

押し潰さ

oshitsubusa — To crush, press flat, or overwhelm with weight

窒息

chissoku — Suffocation, choking, or being unable to breathe

人生

jinsei — Life, one's life journey or existence

道

michi — Road, path, way, or course of life

のろのろ

noronoro — Slowly, sluggishly, at a dragging pace (adverb)

進み

susumi — Advancing, proceeding (stem of 'susumu')

七十五

nanajūgo — The number seventy-five

四十

yonjū — The number forty

一度

ichido — Once, one time, or at one point

清め

kiyome — Purification, cleansing (stem of 'kiyomeru')

抱え

kakae — To hold, carry, or take on a burden/responsibility

百

hyaku — One hundred (the number 100)

耕作地

kōsakuchi — Arable land, cultivated farmland for growing crops

背負っ

seoi' — To carry on one's back, bear a burden