Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience — Page 9

Vocabulary

型

kata — Pattern, model, or standard form of something

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or purpose

は

wa — Topic-marking particle highlighting the subject

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb suffix

しかし

shikashi — Conjunction meaning 'however' or 'but'

無意識

muishiki — Unconscious or unaware state of mind

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle

絶望

zetsubou — Despair or complete loss of hope

が

ga — Subject-marking particle identifying the grammatical subject

人類

jinrui — Humankind or the entire human race

遊戯

yuugi — Game or play as a form of amusement

や

ya — Particle listing examples, meaning 'and' or 'or'

娯楽

goraku — Entertainment or leisure activity for enjoyment

と

to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker

呼ば

yoba — Stem form of 'yobu', meaning to call or name

れる

reru — Passive auxiliary suffix indicating action done to subject

もの

mono — Thing, object, or abstract concept

下

shita / shimo — Below, under, or lower position

さえ

sae — Particle meaning 'even' emphasizing extreme cases

も

mo — Particle meaning 'also', 'too', or 'even'

隠さ

kakusa — Stem of 'kakusu', meaning to hide or conceal

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential actions

いる

iru — Auxiliary verb indicating ongoing state or action

それら

sorera — Pronoun meaning 'those' referring to previously mentioned things

中

naka / chuu — Inside, middle, or among a group

真

shin / ma — True, genuine, or real

遊び

asobi — Play, game, or recreational activity

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary meaning 'not' or 'does not exist'

なぜなら

nazenara — Conjunction meaning 'because' or 'the reason is'

労働

roudou — Labor or physical and mental work

後

ato / go — After, later, or behind in time or space

来る

kuru — To come or to arrive

だ

da — Copula meaning 'is' or 'it is'

から

kara — Particle meaning 'because', 'from', or 'after'

自暴自棄

jiboujiki — Self-abandonment or reckless desperation about oneself

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns

こと

koto — Thing, fact, or abstract nominalized event

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating the direct object

し

shi — Conjunctive form of 'suru', meaning to do

いう

iu — To say, call, or refer to something

知恵

chie — Wisdom, knowledge, or clever insight

特質

tokushitsu — Special characteristic or distinctive quality of something

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means used

ある

aru — To exist or to be (for inanimate things)

問答書

mondousho — Question-and-answer text or catechism document

言葉

kotoba — Word, language, or expression used in speech

借りれ

karire — Conditional form of 'kariru', meaning to borrow

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'

人間

ningen — Human being or humanity in general

主たる

shutaru — Chief, primary, or main purpose or role

目的

mokuteki — Goal, purpose, or objective one aims for

何

nani / nan — What; interrogative pronoun asking about a thing

か

ka — Question particle placed at end of sentence

そして

soshite — Conjunction meaning 'and then' or 'furthermore'

生

sei / nama / shou — Life, living, or raw and unprocessed state

必需品

hitsujuhin — Necessity or essential item required for living

手段

shudan — Means, method, or tool to achieve something

考える

kangaeru — To think, consider, or reflect on something

とき

toki — Time, moment, or occasion when something occurs

人々

hitobito — People, folks, or individuals in general

あらゆる

arayuru — All, every possible, or any kind of thing

他

hoka / ta — Other, another, or different thing or person

生き方

ikikata — Way of living or lifestyle one chooses

より

yori — Particle meaning 'than' used in comparisons

それ

sore — That, referring to something previously mentioned

好ん

kokon — Stem of 'konomu', meaning to prefer or favor

ゆえ

yue — Therefore, reason, or cause for something

普通

futsuu — Normal, ordinary, or usual state or condition

意図的

itoteki — Intentional or deliberate action done on purpose

選ん

eran — Stem of 'erabu', meaning to choose or select

よう

you — Appears to, seems like, or in order to

見える

mieru — To be visible or to appear a certain way

でも

demo — But, however, or even in spite of that

彼ら

karera — They or them referring to a group of people

選択

sentaku — Choice or selection made among available options

余地

yochi — Room, margin, or space for something to occur

心

kokoro — Heart, mind, or inner emotional and mental state

思っ

omot — Stem of 'omou', meaning to think or feel

目覚め

mezame — Awakening or waking up from sleep or ignorance

健全

kenzen — Healthy, sound, or wholesome in mind and body

精神

seishin — Spirit, mind, or mental and psychological state

持ち主

mochinushi — Owner or possessor of something

太陽

taiyou — The sun as the central star of solar system

清らか

kiyoraka — Pure, clean, and clear in an unspoiled way

昇っ

nobot — Stem of 'noboru', meaning to rise or ascend

覚え

oboe — Memory, recollection, or the act of remembering

偏見

henken — Prejudice or biased opinion against someone

捨てる

suteru — To throw away, abandon, or discard something

ぎる

giru — Suffix meaning 'too much' or 'excessively'

決して

kesshite — Never or by no means (used with negatives)

いかに

ikani — No matter how or in whatever way

古く

furuku — Adverbial form of 'old', meaning in old times

とも

tomo — Even if, no matter what, or together with

思考

shikou — Thought, thinking, or mental reasoning process

行動

koudou — Action, behavior, or conduct in a situation

いかなる

ikanaru — Whatever kind of or any sort of (formal)

方法

houhou — Method, way, or procedure to do something

証明

shoumei — Proof or demonstration that something is true

なし

nashi — Without, lacking, or none of something

信頼

shinrai — Trust, reliance, or confidence in someone

でき

deki — Stem of 'dekiru', meaning to be able to do

今日

kyou / konnichi — Today or the present day

誰も

daremo — Nobody or everyone depending on sentence polarity

繰り返し

kurikaeshi — Repetition or doing something over and over

唱える

tonaeru — To chant, advocate, or repeatedly claim something

あるいは

aruiwa — Or, alternatively, or perhaps between two options

沈黙

chinmoku — Silence or the state of being quiet

うち

uchi — Inside, within, or among a group or time

真実

shinjitsu — Truth or what is genuinely real and factual

として

toshite — As, in the role of, or treated as something

見過ごし

miugoshi — Overlooking or failing to notice something

明日

ashita / myounichi — Tomorrow or the next day

偽り

itsuwari — Falsehood, lie, or deception

判明

hanmei — Becoming clear or being revealed as true

する

suru — To do; general-purpose action verb

かも

kamo — Particle indicating possibility or uncertainty

しれ

shire — Part of 'kamoshirenai', meaning 'might be'

ただ

tada — Just, merely, or simply; only that

意見

iken — Opinion or personal view on a matter

煙

kemuri — Smoke rising from fire or burning material

過ぎ

sugi — Suffix meaning too much or passing beyond a point

ず

zu — Negative suffix meaning 'without doing' (classical)

者

mono / sha — Person, one who does something, or individual

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings

自分

jibun — Oneself or one's own self

畑

hatake — Field or cultivated land for growing crops

恵み

megumi — Blessing, grace, or bounty given generously

雨

ame — Rain falling from the sky

もたらす

motarasu — To bring about or cause a result or change

雲

kumo — Cloud in the sky

信じ

shinji — Stem of 'shinjiru', meaning to believe or trust

老人

roujin — Old person or elderly individual

あなた

anata — You; second-person pronoun in Japanese

言う

iu — To say, speak, or utter words

試し

tameshi — Trial, test, or attempt at something

みる

miru — To try doing or to see by doing

実は

jitsu wa — Actually, in fact, or to tell the truth

わかる

wakaru — To understand, know, or become clear

古い

furui — Old, aged, or not new in time

行い

okonai — Deed, conduct, or action one performs

あり

ari — Conjunctive form of 'aru', meaning there is

新しい

atarashii — New, fresh, or recently made or introduced

人

hito / jin — Person, human, or individual

かつて

katsute — Once, formerly, or at some point in the past

火

hi — Fire or flame

絶やさ

tayasa — Stem of 'tayasu', meaning to let die out

ぬ

nu — Classical negative suffix equivalent to 'nai'

ため

tame — For the sake of or in order to do

新鮮

shinsen — Fresh or newly obtained without spoilage

燃料

nenryou — Fuel used to produce heat or energy

取っ

tot — Stem of 'toru', meaning to take or fetch

くる

kuru — To come; also auxiliary indicating action toward speaker

ほど

hodo — To the extent of or as much as something

なかっ

nakal — Past negative stem meaning 'was not' or 'did not'

鍋

nabe — Pot or pan used for cooking food

少し

sukoshi — A little, a bit, or small amount

乾い

kawai — Stem of 'kawaku', meaning to dry or become dry

薪

maki — Firewood or wood cut for burning

置き

oki — Stem of 'oku', meaning to place or put down

鳥

tori — Bird, any species of avian creature

速さ

hayasa — Speed or swiftness of movement

地球

chikyuu — The Earth as a planet

駆け巡る

kakemeguru — To race or dash around a wide area

いわば

iwaba — So to speak or in a manner of speaking

殺し

koroshi — Killing or the act of taking a life

かね

kane — Suffix meaning reluctance or difficulty doing something

やり方

yarikata — Way of doing things or method of approach