Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience — Page 11

Vocabulary

ある

aru — To exist; to be (for inanimate things)

もの

mono — Thing; object; person

は

wa — Topic-marking particle

最も

mottomo — Most; extremely; to the greatest degree

無力

muryoku — Powerlessness; helplessness; lack of ability

で

de — Particle indicating location, means, or cause

病ん

yan — Afflicted; troubled; mentally or physically ill

だ

da — Copula; plain form of 'is/are'

社会

shakai — Society; community; social world

生活

seikatsu — Daily life; living; lifestyle

の

no — Possessive and nominalizing particle

真

shin — True; genuine; real

必需品

hitsujuhin — Necessity; essential item; indispensable goods

あり

ari — Classical copula meaning 'is/exists'

他

hoka — Other; another; elsewhere

単なる

tan naru — Mere; simple; nothing more than

贅沢品

zeitakuhin — Luxury item; extravagant goods; non-essential product

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, time, or purpose

過ぎ

sugi — Nothing but; merely; to pass or exceed

ず

zu — Classical negative suffix meaning 'without doing'

また

mata — Also; again; furthermore

全く

mattaku — Completely; entirely; not at all (with negation)

知ら

shira — Stem of 知る (shiru): to know

れ

re — Passive or potential verb suffix

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases

い

i — Auxiliary indicating ongoing state (い form of いる)

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary: not; does not exist

人間

ningen — Human being; mankind; person

あらゆる

arayuru — Every; all possible; all kinds of

領域

ryōiki — Domain; field; territory; area of knowledge

高み

takami — Height; elevated place; pinnacle

も

mo — Also; too; even (inclusive particle)

谷間

tanima — Valley; ravine; gap between things

先人

senjin — Predecessors; ancestors; people of former times

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or groups

よっ

yot(te) — By means of; due to (shortened によって)

すでに

sudeni — Already; by now; previously

踏み

fumi — Treading; stepping on; exploring on foot

尽くさ

tsukusa — Stem of 尽くす: to exhaust; cover completely

こと

koto — Fact; thing (abstract); nominalizer

が

ga — Subject-marking particle; but (conjunctive)

配慮

hairyo — Consideration; thoughtfulness; careful attention

し

shi — Conjunctive form of する (to do)

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb

と

to — Quotation particle; and; with

感じる

kanjiru — To feel; to sense; to perceive

人

hito — Person; human; people

いる

iru — To exist; to be (animate beings)

よれ

yore — According to (as in によれば: according to)

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if/when'

賢明

kenmei — Wise; sensible; prudent; sagacious

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjective to noun

樹木

jumoku — Trees; woody plants; timber trees

間隔

kankaku — Interval; spacing; gap between objects

そのもの

sono mono — Itself; the very thing; as such

つい

tsui — Unintentionally; inadvertently; just recently

さえ

sae — Even; as long as; if only

法令

hōrei — Law; ordinance; legal regulation

を

wo — Object-marking particle

定め

sadame — To establish; decree; determine a rule

法務官

hōmukan — Magistrate; legal officer; praetor (Roman official)

隣人

rinjin — Neighbor; person living nearby

土地

tochi — Land; plot of ground; property

落ち

ochi — Falling; dropping; descending; outcome

どんぐり

donguri — Acorn; oak nut

拾い

hiroi — Picking up; collecting (items from ground)

不法侵入

fuhō shin'nyū — Illegal trespassing; unlawful entry onto property

なし

nashi — Without; none; lacking

何度

nando — How many times; several times

立ち入る

tachiiru — To enter; to trespass; to step inside

できる

dekiru — To be able to; can; to be possible

か

ka — Question particle; or; uncertainty marker

その

sono — That (near the listener); the said

どれだけ

dore dake — How much; to what extent; how many

取り分

toribun — Share; one's portion; allotted amount

裁定

saitei — Ruling; arbitration; official judgment

いう

iu — To say; to be called; to state

爪

tsume — Nail (fingernail or toenail); claw

切り方

kirikata — Way of cutting; cutting method

指示

shiji — Instruction; direction; indication; order

残し

nokoshi — Leaving behind; preserving; passing on

すなわち

sunawachi — That is; namely; in other words

指

yubi — Finger; toe

先端

sentan — Tip; point; cutting edge; frontier

揃え

soroe — To align; to match; to make even

それより

sore yori — Rather than that; more than that

短く

mijikaku — Short; briefly; in a short manner

長く

nagaku — Long; for a long time; lengthily

なく

naku — Without; not being (connective negative form)

切る

kiru — To cut; to slice; to sever

べき

beki — Should; ought to; must (obligation or expectation)

疑い

utagai — Doubt; suspicion; question; uncertainty

人生

jinsei — Life; one's life; human existence

多様性

tayōsei — Diversity; variety; multiplicity

喜び

yorokobi — Joy; delight; happiness; pleasure

使い果たし

tsukaihata shi — Having used up; exhausted all resources

自負

jifu — Pride in oneself; self-confidence; self-esteem

する

suru — To do; to perform; to make

倦怠感

kentaikan — Feeling of weariness; lethargy; fatigue

や

ya — And (listing particle); or; used for non-exhaustive lists

退屈

taikutsu — Boredom; tedium; dullness; monotony

時代

jidai — Era; age; period; epoch

同じ

onaji — Same; identical; equal

くらい

kurai — About; approximately; to the extent of

古い

furui — Old; ancient; aged (for objects or ideas)

しかし

shikashi — However; but; nevertheless

能力

nōryoku — Ability; capability; capacity; talent

いまだ

imada — Still; yet; as of now (often with negation)

かつて

katsute — Once; formerly; ever (in the past)

測ら

hakara — Stem of 測る: to measure; to gauge

試み

kokoromi — Attempt; trial; experiment; endeavor

られ

rare — Passive/potential suffix for verbs

あまりに

amari ni — Too much; excessively; overly

少ない

sukunai — Few; scarce; little in number

ため

tame — Because; for the sake of; in order to

いかなる

ikanaru — Whatever; any kind of; no matter what

先例

senrei — Precedent; previous example; prior case

何

nani — What; something; anything

判断

handan — Judgment; decision; assessment

す

su — Classical plain form of する (to do)

これまで

kore made — Until now; so far; up to this point

どのよう

dono yō — What kind; in what way; how

失敗

shippai — Failure; mistake; blunder

あろう

arō — Volitional form of ある: may be; probably is

とも

tomo — Even if; no matter (concessive particle)

悩む

nayamu — To worry; to agonize; to be troubled

なかれ

nakare — Classical imperative negation: do not; must not

わが

waga — My; our (formal/literary possessive pronoun)

子

ko — Child; offspring; young one

よ

yo — Vocative or emphatic sentence-final particle

汝

nanji — You; thou (archaic second-person pronoun)

得

e — To obtain; to gain; can (classical potential)

なかっ

nakat(ta) — Past negative of ない: was not; did not have

誰

dare — Who; someone; anyone

割り当てる

wariateru — To assign; to allocate; to allot

できよう

dekiyō — Could possibly do; would be able to (volitional)

私

watashi — I; me; first-person pronoun

無数

musū — Countless; innumerable; infinite in number

単純

tanjun — Simple; straightforward; uncomplicated

試練

shiren — Trial; ordeal; test of endurance or character

自ら

mizukara — Oneself; by oneself; personally

試し

tameshi — Test; trial; trying something out

みる

miru — To try doing (as auxiliary: てみる)

たとえ

tatoe — Even if; supposing that; even though

豆

mame — Bean; pea; legume; seed

実らせる

minoraseru — To make bear fruit; to bring to fruition

太陽

taiyō — Sun; solar body

同時

dōji — Simultaneously; at the same time

われわれ

wareware — We; us (formal or literary first-person plural)

地球

chikyū — Earth; the globe; our planet

系

kei — System; group; lineage (as suffix)

照らし

terashi — Illuminating; shining light upon; lighting up

もし

moshi — If; in case; supposing that

この

kono — This (near the speaker)

忘れ

wasure — Forgetting; stem of 忘れる (to forget)

なら

nara — If; conditional particle; in that case

いくつ

ikutsu — How many; how old; several

過ち

ayamachi — Mistake; error; fault; wrongdoing

防ぐ

fusegu — To prevent; to defend against; to ward off

でき

deki — Can do; be able to (stem of できる)