← Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience

Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience — Page 15

English → Chinese Full Text Level 8/10

The necessaries of life for man in this climate may, accurately enough, be distributed under the several heads of Food, Shelter, Clothing, and Fuel; for not till we have secured these are we prepared to entertain the true problems of life with freedom and a prospect of success.

在这种气候下，人类生活的必需品可以相当准确地归纳为食物、住所、衣物和燃料几大类；因为只有在获得这些之后，我们才能自由地、有望成功地去面对生活中真正的问题。

Man has invented, not only houses, but clothes and cooked food; and possibly from the accidental discovery of the warmth of fire, and the consequent use of it, at first a luxury, arose the present necessity to sit by it.

人类不仅发明了房屋，还发明了衣物和熟食；或许正是从偶然发现火的温暖，进而使用火——起初不过是一种奢享——才产生了如今围火而坐的必要性。

We observe cats and dogs acquiring the same second nature.

我们观察到猫和狗也习得了同样的第二天性。

By proper Shelter and Clothing we legitimately retain our own internal heat; but with an excess of these, or of Fuel, that is, with an external heat greater than our own internal, may not cookery properly be said to begin?

通过适当的住所和衣物，我们合理地保存了自身的内部热量；但若这些过于充足，或燃料过多，即外部热量超过我们自身的内部热量，难道不正可以说烹饪由此开始了吗？

Darwin, the naturalist, says of the inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego, that while his own party, who were well clothed and sitting close to a fire, were far from too warm, these naked savages, who were farther off, were observed, to his great surprise, "to be streaming with perspiration at undergoing such a roasting."

博物学家达尔文谈及火地岛的居民时说，他自己一行人虽衣着齐整、紧靠火堆而坐，却远未觉得太热，而那些距火堆更远的裸体土著，却令他大为惊讶地被观察到"正因经受如此炙烤而汗流浃背"。

So, we are told, the New Hollander goes naked with impunity, while the European shivers in his clothes.

同样，据说新荷兰人可以赤身裸体而安然无恙，而欧洲人却在衣物包裹下瑟瑟发抖。

Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of the civilized man?

将这些土著人的强悍体魄与文明人的理智才智结合起来，难道真的不可能吗？

According to Liebig, man's body is a stove, and food the fuel which keeps up the internal combustion in the lungs.

据李比希所言，人的身体是一个炉子，而食物则是维持肺部内部燃烧的燃料。

Vocabulary

在: zài — At, in, on; indicates location or existence.
这种: zhè zhǒng — This kind of; this type of.
气候: qìhòu — Climate; the weather conditions of a region.
下: xià — Under, below; beneath a condition or context.
人类: rénlèi — Humanity; humankind; the human race.
生活: shēnghuó — Life; daily living; to live.
的: de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification.
必需品: bìxūpǐn — Necessities; essential items required for living.
可以: kěyǐ — Can, may; to be allowed or able to.
相当: xiāngdāng — Quite, fairly; considerably; relatively accurate.
准确: zhǔnquè — Accurate, precise; correct and exact.
地: de — Adverbial particle linking adverb to verb.
归纳: guīnà — To summarize, categorize; to generalize by induction.
为: wéi — To be; as; serves as a linking verb.
食物: shíwù — Food; things eaten for nourishment.
住所: zhùsuǒ — Dwelling, residence; a place to live.
衣物: yīwù — Clothing and belongings; garments and articles.
和: hé — And; together with; connects nouns or clauses.
燃料: ránliào — Fuel; material burned to produce energy.
几大类: jǐ dà lèi — Several major categories; a few broad types.
因为: yīnwèi — Because; the reason being that.
只有: zhǐyǒu — Only if; only when; solely by having.
获得: huòdé — To obtain, acquire; to gain something desired.
这些: zhèxiē — These; referring to previously mentioned items.
之后: zhīhòu — After; afterwards; subsequent to something.
我们: wǒmen — We, us; first-person plural pronoun.
才能: cáinéng — Only then can; talent; ability to do something.
自由: zìyóu — Freedom, liberty; free from constraint.
有望: yǒuwàng — To have hope of; to be promising or likely.
成功: chénggōng — To succeed; success; achieving a desired outcome.
去: qù — To go; directional particle indicating purpose.
面对: miànduì — To face, confront; to deal with directly.
中: zhōng — Among, within, in the middle of something.
真正: zhēnzhèng — True, genuine, real; truly and authentically.
问题: wèntí — Problem, question, issue; a matter needing attention.
不仅: bùjǐn — Not only; used to introduce additional information.
发明: fāmíng — To invent; invention; creating something new.
了: le — Particle indicating completed action or change of state.
房屋: fángwū — House, building; a structure used as dwelling.
还: hái — Also, still, in addition; moreover.
熟食: shúshí — Cooked food; food that has been prepared by heat.
或许: huòxǔ — Perhaps, maybe; expressing uncertainty or possibility.
正是: zhèngshì — It is precisely; exactly; emphasizing correctness.
从: cóng — From; starting from a point in time or place.
偶然: ǒurán — Accidental, by chance; happening unexpectedly.
发现: fāxiàn — To discover, find; realizing something exists.
火: huǒ — Fire; flames produced by combustion.
温暖: wēnnuǎn — Warm, warmth; pleasantly heated; comforting heat.
进而: jìn'ér — And then; furthermore; proceeding to the next step.
使用: shǐyòng — To use, employ, utilize; making use of something.
起初: qǐchū — At first, initially; in the beginning.
不过: búguò — Only, merely; however; but; no more than.
是: shì — To be; is, am, are; affirmative linking verb.
一种: yī zhǒng — A kind of, a type of; one sort.
才: cái — Only then; just; indicating a condition must be met.
产生: chǎnshēng — To produce, generate; to give rise to something.
如今: rújīn — Nowadays, today; at the present time.
而: ér — And, but; connecting clauses with contrast or sequence.
坐: zuò — To sit; to be seated.
必要性: bìyàoxìng — Necessity; the quality of being essential or required.
观察: guānchá — To observe, watch; careful examination of something.
到: dào — To arrive at; to; reaching a result or destination.
猫: māo — Cat; common domestic feline animal.
狗: gǒu — Dog; common domestic canine animal.
也: yě — Also, too; likewise; used for addition.
习得: xídé — To acquire through habit; to learn by practice.
同样: tóngyàng — Same, likewise; in the same way or manner.
第二: dì'èr — Second; the second in order or rank.
天性: tiānxìng — Natural instinct; innate nature or disposition.
通过: tōngguò — Through, by means of; passing through a method.
适当: shìdàng — Appropriate, suitable; fitting the situation well.
合理: hélǐ — Reasonable, rational; making logical sense.
保存: bǎocún — To preserve, conserve, keep; maintaining something.
自身: zìshēn — Oneself, one's own; pertaining to the self.
内部: nèibù — Interior, internal; the inside of something.
热量: rèliàng — Heat, calories; thermal energy produced or stored.
但: dàn — But, however; introducing a contrasting statement.
若: ruò — If, supposing; a conditional conjunction.
过于: guòyú — Excessively, too; going beyond a reasonable degree.
充足: chōngzú — Sufficient, ample; enough in quantity or degree.
或: huò — Or; alternatively; one of two options.
过多: guòduō — Too much, excessive; more than needed.
即: jí — That is, namely; immediately; indicating equivalence.
外部: wàibù — Exterior, external; the outside of something.
超过: chāoguò — To exceed, surpass; going beyond a limit.
难道: nándào — Could it be that; rhetorical question marker.
不: bù — No, not; negation particle.
正: zhèng — Just, precisely; exactly at that moment or point.
说: shuō — To say, speak, tell; expressing verbally.
烹饪: pēngrèn — Cooking, culinary arts; preparing food by heat.
由此: yóucǐ — From this, hereby; thus resulting from this point.
开始: kāishǐ — To begin, start; the commencement of something.
吗: ma — Question particle turning sentence into yes/no question.
博物学家: bówù xuéjiā — Naturalist; a scientist who studies natural history.
达尔文: Dá'ěrwén — Darwin; Charles Darwin, famous evolutionary biologist.
谈及: tánjí — To mention, speak of; to bring up in discussion.
居民: jūmín — Residents, inhabitants; people living in an area.
时: shí — When, at the time of; indicating a time context.
他: tā — He, him; third-person masculine singular pronoun.
自己: zìjǐ — Oneself, self; referring back to the subject.
一行人: yī xíng rén — A party of people; one's traveling group or companions.
虽: suī — Although, even though; concessive conjunction.
衣着: yīzhuó — Clothing, attire; the way one is dressed.
火堆: huǒduī — Bonfire, pile of fire; a heap of burning material.
却: què — Yet, but, however; introducing a contrasting outcome.
觉得: juéde — To feel, think; to have a subjective perception.
太热: tài rè — Too hot; excessively warm in temperature.
那些: nàxiē — Those; referring to previously mentioned plural items.
距: jù — Distance from; away from; separated by a gap.
更远: gèng yuǎn — Even farther; at a greater distance away.
裸体: luǒtǐ — Naked, nude; without clothing on the body.
土著: tǔzhù — Indigenous, native; original inhabitants of a place.
令: lìng — To cause, make; to令someone feel a certain way.
大为: dàwéi — Greatly, enormously; to a very large degree.
惊讶: jīngyà — Surprised, astonished; feeling unexpected amazement.
被: bèi — Passive marker; indicates subject receives the action.
正因: zhèngyīn — Precisely because; exactly for this reason.
经受: jīngshòu — To endure, undergo; to experience something difficult.
如此: rúcǐ — Such, so, like this; to this extent or degree.
汗流浃背: hàn liú jiā bèi — Sweating profusely; sweat streaming down one's back.
据说: jùshuō — It is said that; reportedly; according to hearsay.
安然无恙: ānrán wúyàng — Safe and sound; unharmed despite difficult conditions.
欧洲人: Ōuzhōu rén — Europeans; people from the European continent.
包裹: bāoguǒ — Wrapped up, bundled; covered with layers of clothing.
瑟瑟发抖: sèsè fādǒu — Trembling with cold; shivering uncontrollably from chill.
将: jiāng — To take, with; preposition marking object before verb.
土著人: tǔzhùrén — Indigenous people; native inhabitants of a region.
强悍: qiánghàn — Fierce, robust; physically strong and tough.
体魄: tǐpò — Physique, physical constitution; bodily strength.
与: yǔ — And, with; together with; connecting nouns.
文明人: wénmíng rén — Civilized person; someone from a civilized society.
理智: lǐzhì — Reason, rationality; logical thinking and judgment.
才智: cáizhì — Talent and intelligence; mental ability and cleverness.
结合: jiéhé — To combine, integrate; bringing together two things.
起来: qǐlái — Together; up; complement indicating combined action.
真的: zhēn de — Really, truly; genuinely; an emphatic affirmation.
不可能: bù kěnéng — Impossible; unable to happen; cannot be done.
据: jù — According to, based on; citing a source.
人: rén — Person, human being; people in general.
身体: shēntǐ — Body; the physical form of a person.
一个: yī ge — One; a single unit or item.
炉子: lúzi — Stove, furnace; a device used for heating or cooking.
则是: zé shì — Then is; serving as; functioning as something.
维持: wéichí — To maintain, sustain; keeping something going.
肺部: fèibù — The lungs; the respiratory organs in the chest.
燃烧: ránshāo — To burn, combust; the process of fire consuming fuel.

← Previous

Unlock audio playback, vocabulary games, and reading progress tracking.

Create free account →