Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience — Page 15
在这种气候下,人类生活的必需品可以准确地归纳为几大类:食物、住所、衣物和燃料;因为只有在获得这些之后,我们才能自由地面对生活中真正的问题,并有望取得成功。
The necessaries of life for man in this climate may, accurately enough, be distributed under the several heads of Food, Shelter, Clothing, and Fuel; for not till we have secured these are we prepared to entertain the true problems of life with freedom and a prospect of success.
人类不仅发明了房屋,还发明了衣物和熟食;而且很可能是从偶然发现火的温暖开始,继而加以利用,起初不过是一种奢享,最终演变成了如今围坐火旁的必要需求。
Man has invented, not only houses, but clothes and cooked food; and possibly from the accidental discovery of the warmth of fire, and the consequent use of it, at first a luxury, arose the present necessity to sit by it.
我们观察到猫和狗也正在养成同样的第二天性。
We observe cats and dogs acquiring the same second nature.
通过适当的住所和衣物,我们可以合理地保持自身内部的热量;但若这些过于充足,或是燃料过多,也就是说,当外部热量超过我们自身内部热量时,难道不可以说烹饪就此开始了吗?
By proper Shelter and Clothing we legitimately retain our own internal heat; but with an excess of these, or of Fuel, that is, with an external heat greater than our own internal, may not cookery properly be said to begin?
博物学家达尔文谈到火地岛的居民时说,他自己的队员衣着齐全、紧靠火堆而坐,却还远远感觉不到太热,而那些离火堆更远的裸体土著人,却令他大为惊讶,"在承受如此炙烤时浑身大汗淋漓"。
Darwin, the naturalist, says of the inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego, that while his own party, who were well clothed and sitting close to a fire, were far from too warm, these naked savages, who were farther off, were observed, to his great surprise, "to be streaming with perspiration at undergoing such a roasting."
同样,据说新荷兰人赤身裸体而安然无恙,而欧洲人即便穿着衣服也冻得瑟瑟发抖。
So, we are told, the New Hollander goes naked with impunity, while the European shivers in his clothes.
难道真的不可能将这些野蛮人的强健体魄与文明人的智识修养融为一体吗?
Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of the civilized man?
根据李比希的说法,人体是一座炉子,而食物则是维持肺部内部燃烧的燃料。
According to Liebig, man's body is a stove, and food the fuel which keeps up the internal combustion in the lungs.
Vocabulary
- necessaries
- 生活必需品,基本需求物品
- climate
- 气候,某地区的天气状况
- accurately
- 准确地,精确地描述某事
- distributed
- 分类,分配到不同类别中
- heads
- 类别,项目,分类标题
- Shelter
- 庇护所,遮风避雨的住所
- Fuel
- 燃料,用于产生热或能量的物质
- secured
- 获得并保证,确保拥有某物
- prepared
- 做好准备的,准备就绪的
- entertain
- 认真考虑或思考某个想法
- freedom
- 自由,不受束缚的状态
- prospect
- 前景,成功的可能性或希望
- invented
- 发明,创造出之前不存在的东西
- cooked
- 烹饪过的,经过加热处理的食物
- possibly
- 也许,可能,表示不确定性
- accidental
- 意外的,偶然发生的,非故意的
- discovery
- 发现,首次找到或意识到某事物
- warmth
- 温暖,热度,令人舒适的热感
- consequent
- 由此产生的,随之而来的结果
- luxury
- 奢侈品,非必需但令人享受之物
- arose
- 产生,出现,arise的过去式
- necessity
- 必需品,不可缺少的事物或需求
- observe
- 观察,注意到,仔细查看
- acquiring
- 获得,逐渐养成某种习惯或特性
- nature
- 本性,自然特性;second nature指第二天性
- proper
- 适当的,正确的,合适的
- legitimately
- 合理合法地,以正当方式
- retain
- 保留,保持,维持某种状态
- internal
- 内部的,身体内在的
- heat
- 热量,热度,温暖的能量
- excess
- 过剩,超出正常或必要的量
- external
- 外部的,来自身体外部的
- cookery
- 烹饪,烹调食物的技艺或行为
- properly
- 恰当地,正确地,合适地
- Darwin
- 达尔文,著名英国自然学家
- naturalist
- 自然学家,研究自然界动植物的学者
- inhabitants
- 居民,住在某地区的人
- party
- 一行人,团队,一群同行的人
- clothed
- 穿着衣物的,有衣服遮体的
- naked
- 裸体的,没有衣服遮盖的
- savages
- 野蛮人,古时指未开化的原始人
- farther
- 更远处,距离更远,far的比较级
- observed
- 观察到,注意到某现象
- surprise
- 惊讶,出乎意料的感受
- streaming
- 大量流淌,汗水不断涌出
- perspiration
- 汗水,因热或运动分泌的体液
- undergoing
- 经历,承受,正在经历某过程
- roasting
- 烘烤,比喻感到极热难耐
- Hollander
- 新荷兰人,指澳大利亚原住民
- impunity
- 不受惩罚或伤害,安然无恙
- European
- 欧洲人,来自欧洲的人
- shivers
- 发抖,因寒冷而颤抖
- impossible
- 不可能的,无法实现的
- combine
- 结合,把两种或多种东西合并
- hardiness
- 强健,耐寒耐苦的能力或特质
- intellectualness
- 智识性,具有高度思维能力的特质
- civilized
- 文明的,有高度文化和社会秩序的
- Liebig
- 李比希,著名德国化学家
- stove
- 炉子,用于加热或烹饪的装置
- fuel
- 燃料,提供能量的物质
- combustion
- 燃烧,物质与氧气发生的化学反应
- lungs
- 肺,人体用于呼吸的器官
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