War and Peace — Page 1

Vocabulary

ところで

tokorode — By the way; used to change conversation topic.

王子

ōji — Prince; a male member of royal family.

よ

yo — Sentence-ending particle expressing assertion or emphasis.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker.

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the sentence's subject.

いまや

imaya — Now; at this point; by this time already.

家

ke / ie — Family; household; used as suffix for dynasties.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

単なる

tan'naru — Mere; nothing more than; simply.

私有地

shiyūchi — Private land; property owned by an individual.

なって

natte — Te-form of 'naru'; having become; transitioning to state.

しまい

shimai — Completion auxiliary indicating regrettable or final result.

まし

mashi — Polite verb auxiliary stem used in formal speech.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb indicating completed action.

ね

ne — Sentence-ending particle seeking agreement or confirmation.

しかし

shikashi — However; but; conjunction indicating contrast or contradiction.

警告

keikoku — Warning; caution; an official notice of danger.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of suru; doing; also listing conjunction.

て

te — Te-form particle connecting verb phrases sequentially.

おき

oki — Preparatory action; doing something in advance for later.

ます

masu — Polite verb ending used in formal or polite speech.

が

ga — Subject marker particle; also contrastive conjunction 'but'.

もし

moshi — If; supposing; used to introduce conditional statements.

これ

kore — This; referring to something near the speaker.

戦争

sensō — War; armed conflict between nations or groups.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating the direct object.

意味

imi — Meaning; significance; what something signifies or implies.

する

suru — To do; general-purpose verb for performing actions.

言っ

it- — Conjunctive form of 'iu'; saying; to say (base).

くださら

kudasara — Negative base of 'kudasaru'; honorific 'to give/do for me'.

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; indicates negation of an action.

なら

nara — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'in that case'.

あの

ano — That (over there); refers to something distant or known.

反

han — Anti-; against; prefix indicating opposition or negation.

本当に

hontō ni — Truly; really; genuinely; used for strong emphasis.

彼

kare — He; him; third-person masculine pronoun in Japanese.

だ

da — Copula; plain form of 'desu', meaning 'is' or 'am'.

思っ

omot- — Conjunctive form of 'omou'; thinking; to think (base).

い

i — Stem of 'iru'; being; existing; also adjective ending.

行っ

it- — Conjunctive form of 'iku'; going; to go (base form).

悪行

akugyō — Evil deed; wicked act; immoral or sinful behavior.

恐怖

kyōfu — Fear; terror; intense feeling of dread or horror.

擁護

yōgo — Defense; protection; supporting or advocating for someone.

しよう

shiyō — Volitional form of 'suru'; let's do; intend to do.

もう

mō — Already; anymore; no longer; expressing change of state.

あなた

anata — You; second-person pronoun used in polite contexts.

一切

issai — Everything; all; not at all (with negative verb).

関わり

kakawari — Involvement; connection; relation with someone or something.

ませ

mase — Polite imperative auxiliary used in formal requests.

ん

n — Colloquial negative or explanatory sentence-ending particle.

もはや

mohaya — No longer; not anymore; by now it is too late.

私

watashi — I; me; first-person pronoun, neutral politeness level.

友人

yūjin — Friend; a person with whom one has friendship.

で

de — Particle indicating location, means, or reason of action.

も

mo — Also; too; even; additive or inclusive particle.

自身

jishin — Oneself; one's own self; used for emphasis reflexively.

そう

sō — That way; so; thus; indicating agreement or likeness.

呼ぶ

yobu — To call; to summon; to refer to by name.

忠実な

chūjitsu na — Faithful; loyal; devoted; reliably true to someone.

な

na — Adjectival particle; also soft prohibitive sentence-ending particle.

奴隷

dorei — Slave; a person owned or controlled by another.

あり

ari — Existence; there is; base/stem of 'aru' (to exist).

でも

demo — But; however; even so; contrastive conjunction.

お

o — Honorific prefix added to nouns for politeness.

元気

genki — Health; energy; feeling well and in good spirits.

か

ka — Question marker particle placed at sentence end.

驚かせ

odorokase — Causative stem of 'odoroku'; to surprise or startle someone.

しまっ

shimatt- — Conjunctive of 'shimau'; completion with regret or finality.

よう

yō — It seems; appears; indicates conjecture or resemblance.

です

desu — Polite copula; is, am, are in formal speech.

どうぞ

dōzo — Please; go ahead; used for polite invitations or offers.

座り

suwari — Sitting; the act of sitting down (noun/stem form).

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, time, or purpose.

なっ

natt- — Conjunctive form of 'naru'; becoming; having become something.

近頃

chikagoro — Lately; recently; these days; referring to recent times.

様子

yōsu — Situation; appearance; how things are going lately.

全部

zenbu — All; everything; the whole amount or entirety.

聞かせ

kikase — Causative stem of 'kiku'; to let someone hear; tell.

ください

kudasai — Please give; please do; polite imperative request form.

時

toki — Time; moment; when; a specific point in time.

7月

shichigatsu — July; the seventh month of the calendar year.

話し

hanashi — Talk; speech; story; the act of speaking (noun/stem).

女官

nyokan — Lady-in-waiting; female court attendant serving royalty.

気に入り

ki ni iri — Favorite; someone or something liked or preferred greatly.

知ら

shira — Negative/conjunctive base of 'shiru'; to know (stem).

れる

reru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix in Japanese.

あっ

a- — Ah; oh; exclamation of sudden realization or surprise.

この

kono — This; demonstrative adjective referring to nearby thing.

言葉

kotoba — Word; language; expression; verbal communication.

彼女

kanojo — She; her; third-person feminine pronoun in Japanese.

その

sono — That; demonstrative adjective referring to nearby object.

夜会

yakai — Evening party; soirée; a formal social gathering at night.

最初

saisho — First; the beginning; earliest point in time or order.

到着

tōchaku — Arrival; reaching a destination or place successfully.

高位

kōi — High rank; elevated status or position in hierarchy.

高官

kōkan — High-ranking official; senior government or court officer.

人物

jinbutsu — Person; character; an individual of note or significance.

迎え

mukae — Greeting; welcoming; going to meet someone arriving.

数日

sūjitsu — Several days; a few days; short unspecified number of days.

前

mae — Before; in front; prior to a certain time or place.

から

kara — From; since; because; particle indicating origin or reason.

咳

seki — Cough; the act of coughing due to illness.

自分

jibun — Oneself; myself; reflexive pronoun for one's own self.

言う

iu — To say; to speak; to express in words.

インフルエンザ

infuruenza — Influenza; the flu; a contagious respiratory viral illness.

患っ

wazuratt- — Conjunctive of 'wazurau'; suffering from; afflicted by illness.

いう

iu — To say; called; used to name or define something.

当時

tōji — At that time; back then; in those days historically.

新しい

atarashii — New; fresh; novel; recently introduced or created.

上流

jōryū — Upper class; high society; elite social stratum.

階級

kaikyū — Class; social rank; stratum in a social hierarchy.

だけ

dake — Only; just; limited to; indicating restriction or exclusivity.

使っ

tsukat- — Conjunctive of 'tsukau'; using; having used something.

朝

asa — Morning; the early part of the day after sunrise.

緋色

hiiro — Scarlet; bright red color; crimson hue.

制服

seifuku — Uniform; standardized outfit worn for official duties.

着

ki / chaku — Wearing; putting on (clothes); counter for clothing items.

従僕

jūboku — Manservant; footman; a male domestic servant or attendant.

よっ

yot- — Conjunctive of 'yoru'; by means of; through; via.

届け

todoke — Delivery; to deliver; to send or bring something to someone.

られ

rare — Passive/potential auxiliary indicating receiving an action.

フランス語

Furansugo — French language; the language spoken in France.

書か

kaka — Conjunctive base of 'kaku'; written; to write (stem).

れ

re — Passive auxiliary verb suffix; being acted upon by another.

招待状

shōtaijō — Invitation letter; a written formal invitation to an event.

すべて

subete — All; everything; every single one without exception.

例外

reigai — Exception; a case excluded from the general rule.

なく

naku — Without; lacking; negative conjunctive form of 'nai'.

次

tsugi — Next; following; the one that comes after.

文面

bunmen — Wording; text content; what is written in a document.

他

hoka — Other; else; another; something or someone different.

ご

go — Honorific prefix used to show respect in speech.

予定

yotei — Plan; schedule; arrangement for a future event.

なけれ

nakere — Conditional negative base; if there is not; unless.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' following verb or adjective.

伯爵

hakushaku — Count; Earl; a European noble title of rank.

様

sama — Honorific suffix showing great respect for a person.

あるいは

aruiwa — Or; alternatively; perhaps; used between two options.

また

mata — Also; again; moreover; additionally in a sentence.

病弱

byōjaku — Weak health; sickly; constitutionally frail or infirm.

者

mono / sha — Person; individual; one who does or is something.

夕べ

yūbe — Evening; last night; the prior evening or nighttime.

過ごし

sugoshi — Spending time; passing time in a certain way.

なる

naru — To become; to turn into; indicates change of state.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; matter; nominalizes verbs and adjectives.

それほど

sorehodo — That much; to that extent; so very; not that much (neg).

苦痛

kutsū — Pain; suffering; distress; physical or mental anguish.

今夜

kon'ya — Tonight; this evening; the current night.

間

aida / kan — Between; during; a period or interval of time.

会い

ai — Meeting; encounter; the act of meeting someone.

でき

deki — Stem of 'dekiru'; can do; being able to do something.

大変

taihen — Very; greatly; terrible; extremely; a difficult situation.

嬉しく

ureshiku — Gladly; happily; adverbial form of 'ureshii' (glad).

存じ

zonji — Humble form of 'omou/shiru'; to think or know humbly.

なんと

nanto — How; what a; exclamation expressing surprise or admiration.

激しい

hageshii — Fierce; intense; violent; passionate; vehement in degree.

攻撃

kōgeki — Attack; assault; offensive action against someone or something.

しょう

shō — Volitional form; let's do; intend to; shall we.

答え

kotae — Answer; reply; response to a question or situation.

出迎え

demukae — Going to meet; welcoming someone upon their arrival.

少しも

sukoshi mo — Not at all; not even a little (used with negatives).

動じ

dōji — Stem of 'dōjiru'; to be perturbed or flustered by something.

なかっ

nakatt- — Past negative conjunctive; was not; did not (stem form).