War and Peace — Page 5

Vocabulary

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the subject.

狼狽

rōbai — Panic, confusion, or flustered state of mind.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of suru; connects actions or reasons.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential actions.

彼

kare — He; third-person singular masculine pronoun.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object.

引き止め

hikitome — To stop someone from leaving; detain briefly.

こう

kō — Like this; in this way or manner.

言っ

it(te) — Said; past conjunctive form of iu (to say).

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary indicating completed action.

ご存知

go-zonji — Polite expression meaning 'do you know (someone/something)?'

です

desu — Polite copula meaning 'is' or 'are.'

か

ka — Question particle placed at the end of a sentence.

とても

totemo — Very; extremely; to a high degree.

興味深い

kyōmi bukai — Very interesting; arousing deep curiosity or fascination.

方

kata — Polite word for a person; honorific form of hito.

わ

wa — Feminine sentence-ending particle expressing assertion softly.

よ

yo — Sentence-ending particle asserting or informing the listener.

ええ

ee — Yes; an affirmative response, slightly formal or polite.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle; also soft question marker.

永久

eikyū — Eternity; permanent; everlasting duration.

平和

heiwa — Peace; state of harmony without conflict or war.

計画

keikaku — Plan; project; a scheme or organized proposal.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, time, or indirect object.

つい

tsui — Just; inadvertently; recently; used with 'te' for topics.

聞い

kii(te) — Heard; conjunctive form of kiku (to hear/ask).

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer turning verbs into noun phrases.

が

ga — Subject marker particle; also indicates contrast or emphasis.

あり

ari — There is/are; existence form of aru (masu-stem).

ます

masu — Polite verb ending indicating politeness in speech.

非常

hijō — Extremely; very; extraordinary degree or emergency.

実現

jitsugen — Realization; actualization; making something come true.

ほとんど

hotondo — Almost; nearly; for the most part.

不可能

fukanō — Impossible; not able to be done or achieved.

でしょ

desho — Probably; right?; softened conjecture or seeking agreement.

う

u — Volitional auxiliary suggesting probability or intention.

そう

sō — So; that way; expressing agreement or conjecture.

お思い

o-omoi — Polite form of 'thinking' or 'opinion' (honorific omoi).

と

to — Quotation particle; also means 'with' or 'and.'

何か

nanika — Something; some kind of unspecified thing or matter.

その場

sono ba — That place; the scene; on the spot at that moment.

離れ

hanare — To leave; to separate or move away from something.

女主人

onna shujin — Hostess; mistress of the house or gathering.

務め

tsutome — Duty; role; one's responsibility or assigned task.

果たす

hatasu — To fulfill; to accomplish or carry out a duty.

ため

tame — For the purpose of; for the sake of someone.

答え

kotae — Answer; reply; response to a question or situation.

しかし

shikashi — However; but; a conjunctive expressing contrast or contradiction.

今度

kondo — This time; now; next time; the current occasion.

逆

gyaku — Opposite; reverse; contrary direction or behavior.

無礼

burei — Rudeness; impoliteness; discourteous behavior or manner.

犯し

okashi — Committed (an offense); to do something wrong or rude.

最初

saisho — First; the beginning; at the very start.

ある

aru — A certain; there is; to exist (for inanimate things).

婦人

fujin — Lady; woman; a polite or formal word for a woman.

話し

hanashi — Conversation; talk; story; speaking with someone.

終わら

owara — To finish; negative/conditional stem of owaru (to end).

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; not; does not exist.

うち

uchi — While; during; within a period or scope.

去り

sari — To leave; to go away; departure (conjunctive form).

立ち去ろ

tachisaro — To walk away; volitional stem of tachisaru (leave).

いる

iru — To be; to exist; auxiliary for ongoing action.

別

betsu — Different; another; separate; distinct from current one.

人

hito — Person; human being; individual.

続け

tsuzuke — To continue; to keep doing; conjunctive form of tsuzukeru.

だ

da — Plain copula meaning 'is'; informal version of desu.

頭

atama — Head; the top part of the body; mind.

垂れ

tare — To hang down; to droop; conjunctive form of tareru.

大きな

ōkina — Large; big; great in size or scale.

足

ashi — Foot; leg; lower limb used for walking.

広げ

hirogе — To spread; to open wide; conjunctive form of hirogeru.

非現実的

hi-genjitsuteki — Unrealistic; impractical; not grounded in reality.

思う

omou — To think; to feel; to believe or consider something.

理由

riyū — Reason; cause; grounds for a decision or opinion.

説明

setsumei — Explanation; description; making something clear to others.

始め

hajime — Beginning; start; to begin doing something.

それ

sore — That; referring to something near the listener.

後

ato / go — After; later; behind; subsequent time or position.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action, means, or cause.

お話し

o-hanashi — Polite form of speaking or conversation; honorific hanashi.

ましょ

mashō — Let's; volitional polite form suggesting a shared action.

微笑み

hohoemi — A smile; a gentle, soft facial expression of warmth.

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneously performing two actions.

そし

soshi(te) — And then; and so; connecting sequential events or actions.

礼儀

reigi — Etiquette; manners; proper social decorum and courtesy.

わきまえ

wakimae — To know proper conduct; to understand social decorum.

この

kono — This; demonstrative adjective modifying a nearby noun.

青年

seinen — Young man; youth; a young adult male.

うまく

umaku — Skillfully; well; successfully handling a situation.

あしらう

ashirau — To handle; to deal with or manage a person skillfully.

彼女

kanojo — She; her; also means girlfriend in modern usage.

戻り

modori — To return; to go back; conjunctive form of modoru.

会話

kaiwa — Conversation; dialogue; spoken exchange between people.

途切れ

togire — To break off; to be interrupted; lapse in conversation.

なれ

nare — Conditional form of naru (to become); if it becomes.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when.'

いつ

itsu — When; at what time; an interrogative time word.

でも

demo — Even; any time; also means 'but' or 'however.'

助け舟

tasuке-bune — Lifeboat; rescue; helping someone out of difficulty.

出せる

daseru — To be able to put out; potential form of dasu.

よう

yō — So that; in order to; expressing purpose or resemblance.

聞き

kiki — Listening; conjunctive form of kiku (to listen/hear).

目

me — Eye; eyes; vision; also used in compounds metaphorically.

配り

kubari — To distribute attention; keeping watch; being attentive.