War and Peace — Page 4

Vocabulary

この

kono — This (adjective modifying a noun nearby).

肥満

himan — Obesity; being excessively overweight.

した

shita — Did; past tense form of 'suru'.

青年

seinen — Young man; youth in early adulthood.

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating sentence subject.

現在

genzai — Currently; at the present time.

モスクワ

Mosukuwa — Moscow; the capital city of Russia.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means.

死

shi — Death; the end of life.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

床

toko — Bed; sickbed; floor surface.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or target.

就い

tsui — To take to (a bed); to assume a position.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential actions.

いる

iru — To exist; indicates ongoing action or state.

時代

jidai — Era; period; age in history.

著名

chomei — Famous; renowned; well-known to the public.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

貴族

kizoku — Aristocrat; noble; member of upper social class.

伯爵

hakushaku — Count; earl; a noble title of rank.

庶子

shoshi — Illegitimate child; child born out of wedlock.

あっ

a — Exclamation of surprise or sudden realization.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary indicating completed action.

教育

kyoiku — Education; the process of learning and teaching.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object.

受ける

ukeru — To receive; to undergo; to take (education).

ため

tame — For the purpose of; for the sake of.

滞在

taizai — Stay; sojourn; residing temporarily in a place.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of suru; did and (then).

い

i — Continuative stem of iru; being (in a state).

外国

gaikoku — Foreign country; a country other than one's own.

から

kara — From; particle indicating starting point or cause.

つい

tsui — Just; recently; inadvertently without thinking.

最近

saikin — Recently; lately; in the recent past.

帰国

kikoku — Returning to one's home country.

ばかり

bakari — Just; only; approximately; having just done something.

あり

ari — There is; exists; archaic/formal form of aru.

まだ

mada — Still; not yet; continuing up to now.

軍務

gunmu — Military service; duties in the armed forces.

も

mo — Also; too; even; inclusive particle.

文官

bunkan — Civil official; government civilian officer.

職

shoku — Occupation; post; official position or job.

おら

ora — Negative stem (おらず); not being; not having.

ず

zu — Negative auxiliary; without doing; not doing.

これ

kore — This; this thing; referring to something nearby.

が

ga — Subject marker particle; but; however (contrast).

社交界

shakoukai — High society; social world of elite gatherings.

へ

e — Directional particle indicating movement toward something.

初め

hajime — Beginning; first time; start of something.

登場

toujo — Appearance; entrance on stage or into a scene.

自分

jibun — Oneself; one's own self or possessions.

客間

kyakuma — Drawing room; parlor; room for receiving guests.

おい

oi — Hey; used to call attention; at/in (archaic).

最も

mottomo — Most; the greatest degree among all options.

低い

hikui — Low; short; inferior in rank or height.

位階

ikai — Court rank; official hierarchical grade in nobility.

者

mono/sha — Person; one who; individual with a certain quality.

与える

ataeru — To give; to grant; to bestow upon someone.

よう

you — So as to; in order to; it seems that.

会釈

eshaku — A slight bow; nod of acknowledgment or greeting.

彼

kare — He; him; that man (third-person male pronoun).

迎え

mukae — Welcome; reception; going to meet someone.

しかし

shikashi — However; but; nevertheless; introducing a contrast.

最低

saitei — Minimum; lowest; the least acceptable level.

限

gen/kagiri — Limit; extent; boundary of something permissible.

挨拶

aisatsu — Greeting; salutation; formal words of acknowledgment.

かかわら

kakawara — Regardless of; despite; notwithstanding (ず/にもかかわらず).

入っ

hait(te) — Entered; went inside; came into a place.

くる

kuru — To come; to arrive; directional auxiliary verb.

見

mi — See; look; stem form of miru (to see).

とき

toki — Time; moment; when something occurs.

場所

basho — Place; location; spot where something occurs.

不釣り合い

futsuriaia — Ill-matched; disproportionate; unsuitably out of balance.

大き

oki — Big; large; stem form of ookii (large).

すぎる

sugiru — Too much; excessively; to exceed an appropriate degree.

もの

mono — Thing; object; person; nominalizing expression.

目

me — Eye; gaze; look; point of view.

不安

fuan — Anxiety; unease; feeling of worry or insecurity.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle; conditional particle.

恐れ

osore — Fear; dread; apprehension about something threatening.

表情

hyojo — Facial expression; look conveying emotion on face.

彼女

kanojo — She; her; girlfriend (third-person female pronoun).

顔

kao — Face; facial appearance; expression.

浮かん

ukan — Floated; surfaced; appeared (on face or water).

だ

da — Is; plain form copula asserting a statement.

確か

tashika — Certainly; surely; if I recall correctly.

部屋

heya — Room; chamber; enclosed indoor space.

中

naka — Inside; among; within a group or space.

他

hoka/ta — Other; another; the rest of the group.

男

otoko — Man; male person; adult male human.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or living beings.

より

yori — Than; from; comparative particle indicating difference.

かなり

kanari — Considerably; fairly; quite a lot.

大柄

oogara — Large build; big-framed; tall and heavyset person.

その

sono — That; referring to something previously mentioned.

誰

dare — Who; which person; interrogative pronoun for people.

区別

kubetsu — Distinction; differentiation; telling things apart.

賢明

kenmei — Wise; prudent; showing good judgment and intelligence.

ながら

nagara — While; although; doing two things simultaneously.

内気

uchiki — Shy; timid; reserved in personality.

観察

kansatsu — Observation; careful watching and examining of something.

眼

me/gan — Eye; gaze; discerning look or vision.

自然

shizen — Nature; natural; occurring without artificial intervention.

のみ

nomi — Only; just; nothing but (formal/literary usage).

関係

kankei — Relation; connection; relationship between things or people.

違い

chigai — Difference; distinction; discrepancy between two things.

なかっ

nakat(ta) — Was not; did not exist (past negative form).

様

sama — Honorific suffix; Mr./Ms.; showing high respect.

病気

byoki — Illness; sickness; being in poor health.

身

mi — One's own body; oneself; personal situation.

上

ue/jo — Above; on top; regarding; upper position.

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun.

わざわざ

wazawaza — Expressly; going out of one's way to do.

お

o — Honorific prefix showing respect or politeness.

訪ね

tazune — Visit; call on someone; come to see.

ください

kudasai — Please give; please do (polite request form).

まこと

makoto — Truly; sincerely; genuinely (formal/literary expression).

ありがとう

arigato — Thank you; expression of gratitude.

ござい

gozai — Formal polite form of aru (to exist/be).

ます

masu — Polite verb ending indicating formal speech register.

叔母

oba — Aunt; father's or mother's younger sister.

ところ

tokoro — Place; spot; point in time; situation.

案内

annai — Guidance; showing someone around; directing a visitor.

そう

so — So; that way; it seems; expressing agreement.

視線

shisen — Gaze; line of sight; directed look between people.

交わし

kawashi — Exchanged; crossed; mutually shared (glances or words).

言っ

it(te) — Said; spoke; utterance in past or te-form.

何

nani/nan — What; something; an unspecified thing or matter.

か

ka — Question particle; or; some (indefinite marker).

聞き取れ

kikitore — Could hear and understand; catch what was said.

ない

nai — Not; does not exist; negative form of aru.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; matter; nominalizer for verb phrases.

つぶやき

tsubuyaki — Murmur; mutter; speaking indistinctly under one's breath.

まるで

marude — Just like; as if; completely (used with comparisons).

探し

sagashi — Searching; looking for; seeking something or someone.

周り

mawari — Surroundings; around; the area encircling something.

見回し

mimawashi — Looking around; surveying the surroundings with eyes.

続け

tsuzuke — Continue; keep doing; stem of tsuzukeru.

向かう

mukau — To head toward; to face; to proceed in direction.

途中

On the way; midway; in the middle of.

親しい

shitashii — Close; familiar; intimate; on friendly terms with.

知人

chijin — Acquaintance; person one knows but not close friend.

対する

taisuru — Toward; regarding; in response to something.

満足

manzoku — Satisfaction; contentment; being pleased with a result.

微笑み

hohoemi — Smile; gentle facial expression of warmth or pleasure.

浮かべ

ukabe — Let float; display (a smile); show on one's face.

小さな

chiisana — Small; little; tiny (attributive adjective form).

公爵

koshaku — Duke; prince; highest rank of European-style nobility.

夫人

fujin — Madam; Mrs.; a married woman of social standing.

正当

seito — Legitimate; just; rightful; legally or morally valid.

なぜなら

nazenara — Because; the reason being; used to introduce explanation.

陛下

heika — His/Her Majesty; title for a reigning monarch.

ご

go — Honorific prefix showing respect toward others' things.

健康

kenkou — Health; being in good physical condition.

話

hanashi — Talk; story; conversation; topic of discussion.

最後

saigo — Last; final; the end of a sequence or event.

まで

made — Until; up to; as far as (limit marker).

聞か

kika — Hear; listen (negative or conditional stem form).

離れ

hanare — Left; separated; moved away from a place or person.

しまっ

shimat(te) — Ended up doing; completed (often with regret).

ある

aru — To exist; there is; to have (inanimate subject).