War and Peace — Page 3

Vocabulary

小さな

chiisana — Small, tiny; used as an attributive adjective.

公爵夫人

kōshaku fujin — Duchess; wife of a duke or high noble.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the sentence topic.

裁縫袋

sainō bukuro — Sewing bag; pouch for storing needlework supplies.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating the direct object.

腕

ude — Arm; the limb from shoulder to wrist.

に

ni — Particle indicating location, direction, or indirect object.

かけ

kake — To hang or place on something; stem form here.

素早く

subayaku — Quickly, swiftly; in a fast and nimble manner.

短く

mijikaku — Shortly, briefly; in a short or small manner.

ゆらゆら

yurayura — Swaying gently back and forth; a rocking motion.

と

to — Particle used for quotation, manner, or conjunction.

揺れる

yureru — To sway, rock, or shake gently.

足取り

ashidori — Gait, step; the way a person walks or moves.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or cause.

テーブル

tēburu — Table; a flat-surfaced piece of furniture.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting two nouns.

周り

mawari — Surroundings, around; the area encircling something.

歩き回り

arukimawari — Walking around; moving about in a space repeatedly.

陽気

yōki — Cheerful, merry; in a lively and happy mood.

ドレス

doresu — Dress; a woman's one-piece garment covering the body.

広げ

hiroge — To spread out or open wide; stem form here.

ながら

nagara — While doing; indicates simultaneous actions.

銀

gin — Silver; the precious metal or its color.

サモワール

samowāru — Samovar; a Russian metal urn for heating water.

近く

chikaku — Near, close by; in the vicinity of something.

ソファ

sofa — Sofa; an upholstered seat for multiple people.

腰

koshi — Waist, hips; the lower trunk of the human body.

下ろし

oroshi — To lower or sit down; stem form of 下ろす.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending in Japanese.

まるで

marude — Just as if, exactly like; used for comparisons.

自分

jibun — Oneself; a reflexive pronoun referring to the subject.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle identifying who does the action.

し

shi — Stem of する (to do); also lists reasons conjunctively.

て

te — Te-form conjunction linking verbs in a sequence.

いる

iru — To be, to exist; indicates ongoing or resultant state.

こと

koto — Thing, fact, matter; nominalizes verbs and clauses.

すべて

subete — All, everything, the whole; totality without exception.

自分自身

jibun jishin — Oneself; an emphatic reflexive referring to the self.

とっ

totte — For, to; short for にとって, meaning 'for someone'.

も

mo — Also, too; inclusive particle adding or emphasizing.

周囲

shūi — Surroundings, environment; the area around someone.

人々

hitobito — People; plural form referring to people in general.

喜び

yorokobi — Joy, delight, pleasure; a feeling of happiness.

ある

aru — To exist, to be; used for inanimate existence or possession.

か

ka — Question particle or expressing doubt and uncertainty.

よう

yō — Like, as if; expresses resemblance or supposition.

お仕事

oshigoto — Work, job; polite form of 仕事.

持っ

motte — Holding, carrying; te-form of 持つ (to hold).

き

ki — Came; stem of 来る (kuru), to come.

まし

mashi — Polite past auxiliary; part of ました ending.

わ

wa — Feminine sentence-final particle adding soft emphasis.

彼女

kanojo — She, her; third-person feminine pronoun.

フランス語

Furansugo — French language; the language spoken in France.

言い

ii — Saying; stem form of 言う (to say).

袋

fukuro — Bag, pouch, sack; a container made of flexible material.

見せ

mise — To show; stem form of 見せる.

居合わせ

iawase — To happen to be present; to be there at the time.

全員

zen'in — Everyone, all members; the entire group of people.

向かっ

mukatte — Facing toward; te-form of 向かう (to face/head toward).

話しかけ

hanashikake — To address, to speak to; initiating conversation.

意地悪

ijiwaru — Mean, spiteful, unkind; having a malicious personality.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

い

i — Adjective ending; also short form of いる or い-adjective.

ない

nai — Not; negative form of existence or adjective negation.

いい

ii — Good, fine, okay; expressing approval or quality.

ん

n — Informal contraction of の, adding explanation or softness.

です

desu — Polite copula meaning 'is' or 'am' or 'are'.

けど

kedo — But, although; informal conjunction showing contrast.

女主人

onnanushujin — Hostess, mistress of a house; female head of household.

方

kata — Person; a polite term for referring to someone.

向い

mukai — Facing, toward; stem of 向く (to face toward).

付け加え

tsukekuwae — To add, to append; supplementing what was already said.

ごく

goku — Extremely, very; an intensifying adverb.

集まり

atsumari — Gathering, meeting, assembly; a group coming together.

だ

da — Plain-form copula meaning 'is' or 'are'.

お書き

okaki — Writing; polite form of 書く (to write).

なっ

natte — Becoming; te-form of なる (to become).

私

watashi — I, me; first-person pronoun in Japanese.

どんな

donna — What kind of, what sort of; interrogative adjective.

みすぼらしい

misuborashii — Shabby, ragged, wretched-looking; appearing poor or worn.

格好

kakkō — Appearance, look, style; how someone or something looks.

見

mi — Look, see; stem form of 見る (to look/see).

ごらん

goran — Please look; a polite imperative of 見る (to see).

なさい

nasai — Please do; a polite imperative form of a verb.

そして

soshite — And then, and so; a conjunction connecting sentences.

胸

mune — Chest, breast; the front of the upper torso.

すぐ

sugu — Immediately, right away, just below or near.

下

shita — Below, under, beneath; a spatial direction or position.

幅広

habahiro — Wide, broad; having a large width or breadth.

リボン

ribon — Ribbon; a narrow strip of fabric used for decoration.

締め

shime — To fasten, tie, or tighten; stem form of 締める.

ウエスト

uesuto — Waist; the narrow part of the torso above the hips.

短い

mijikai — Short, brief; small in length or duration.

レース

rēsu — Lace; delicate fabric with open patterns used in clothing.

飾り

kazari — Decoration, ornament; something used to adorn or decorate.

上品

jōhin — Elegant, refined, graceful; having good taste and manners.

灰色

haiiro — Gray; the color between black and white.

披露

hirō — To show off, to present, to display to others.

ご安心

go-anshin — Please be assured; polite expression of reassurance.

あなた

anata — You; second-person pronoun in Japanese.

いつ

itsu — When, always; interrogative or temporal expression.

誰

dare — Who; interrogative pronoun asking about a person.

より

yori — Than, from; comparison or starting-point particle.

美しい

utsukushii — Beautiful, lovely; of great aesthetic or visual appeal.

から

kara — Because, from; indicates reason or starting point.

答え

kotae — Answer, reply; a response to a question or statement.

ご存知

gozonji — Knowing; honorific form expressing that someone knows.

しょう

shō — Shall, will; volitional or conjecture auxiliary form.

同じ

onaji — Same, identical; being equal or unchanged in nature.

口調

kuchō — Tone of voice, manner of speaking; verbal style.

依然

izen — Still, as before; continuing unchanged from earlier.

将軍

shōgun — General, commander; a high-ranking military officer.

言っ

itte — Saying; te-form of 言う (to say).

夫

otto — Husband; a woman's male spouse or partner.

見捨て

misute — To abandon, forsake; leaving someone behind helplessly.

命

inochi — Life; the vital force or existence of a living being.

落とし

otoshi — To drop or lose; stem of 落とす (to drop/lose).

行く

iku — To go; moving from current location to another place.

つもり

tsumori — Intention, plan; expressing one's intent to do something.

この

kono — This; a demonstrative pointing to something nearby.

忌まわしい

imawashii — Abominable, detestable, dreadful; something deeply disliked.

戦争

sensō — War; armed conflict between nations or groups.

一体

ittai — What on earth, just exactly; emphatic interrogative expression.

何

nani — What; an interrogative pronoun asking about things.

ため

tame — For, in order to; indicating purpose or benefit.

教え

oshie — Teaching, telling; stem of 教える (to teach/tell).

ください

kudasai — Please give; a polite request for something or an action.

公爵

kōshaku — Duke, prince; a high-ranking nobleman or aristocrat.

そう

sō — So, that way; agreement or similarity with something stated.

付け加える

tsukekuwaeru — To add, to append; supplementing existing words or ideas.

返事

henji — Reply, response; an answer to a statement or question.

待た

mata — Waiting; stem form of 待つ (to wait).

ず

zu — Without doing; negative conjunctive form of a verb.

彼

kare — He, him; third-person masculine pronoun.

娘

musume — Daughter; a female child relative to her parent.

話しかける

hanashikakeru — To speak to, address; to start talking to someone.

向き直っ

mukinaotte — Turning to face; te-form of 向き直る (to turn toward).

なん

nan — What; informal variant of 何 used before certain sounds.

魅力的

miryokuteki — Charming, attractive, fascinating; having strong appeal.

女性

josei — Woman, female; an adult human female person.

でしょう

deshō — Probably, isn't it; polite conjecture or seeking agreement.

次

tsugi — Next, following; the one that comes after the current.

到着

tōchaku — Arrival; the act of reaching a destination.

客

kyaku — Guest, visitor, customer; a person received as a visitor.

一人

hitori — One person, alone; a single individual.

髪

kami — Hair; the strands growing on a person's head.

刈り込ん

karikon — Cropped, trimmed; stem of 刈り込む (to clip/trim closely).

眼鏡

megane — Glasses, spectacles; an optical aid worn on the face.

がっしり

gasshiri — Solidly built, stocky; describing a sturdy strong physique.

体格

taikaku — Physique, build; the size and shape of a person's body.

太っ

futotte — Fat, overweight; te-form of 太る (to become fat).

青年

seinen — Young man, youth; a male person in early adulthood.

当時

tōji — At that time, in those days; referring to a past period.

流行

ryūkō — Fashion, trend, fad; something currently popular or trendy.

薄い

usui — Thin, light, pale; lacking thickness or strong color.

色

iro — Color, hue; the visual property produced by light wavelengths.

半ズボン

hanzubon — Shorts, knee breeches; trousers ending above the knee.

はき

haki — Wearing on legs; stem of 履く (to wear pants/shoes).

非常

hijō — Extremely, very; indicating an unusually high degree.

高い

takai — High, tall, expensive; of great height or price.

フリル

furiru — Frill; a decorative ruffle attached to clothing.

つけ

tsuke — Attaching, adding; stem of 付ける (to attach/add).

茶色

chairo — Brown; the color resembling tea or earth tones.

正装用

seisōyō — For formal dress; intended for official or ceremonial wear.

コート

kōto — Coat; an outer garment worn over other clothing.

着

ki — Wearing; stem of 着る (to wear clothing on the body).