White nights, and other stories — Page 4

Vocabulary

彼ら

karera — They; referring to a group of people.

は

wa — Topic marker particle in Japanese grammar.

何

nani — What; interrogative pronoun for asking about things.

も

mo — Also; even; particle indicating inclusion or emphasis.

惜しま

oshima — Stem of 惜しむ; to spare, begrudge, or regret.

なかった

nakatta — Past negative form of ない; did not exist or occur.

柱

hashira — Pillar; column; vertical structural support.

そして

soshite — And then; conjunction connecting sequential or additional ideas.

私

watashi — I; first-person singular pronoun in Japanese.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

哀れ

aware — Pitiful; pathetic; evoking sadness or sympathy.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

小さな

chiisana — Small; little; tiny in size or degree.

友

tomo — Friend; companion; close associate.

よう

you — Like; resembling; in the manner of something.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, time, or manner.

黄色く

kiiroku — Yellow; adverbial form describing a yellow color.

なっ

natt(e) — Became; stem of なる indicating change of state.

て

te — Te-form conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases.

い

i — Stem of いる; to be or exist (animate).

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary indicating completed action.

それ

sore — That; pronoun referring to something near the listener.

もう

mou — Already; soon; anymore; indicating imminence or completion.

少し

sukoshi — A little; a small amount or degree.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action, means, or cause.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object of verb.

気分

kibun — Mood; feeling; one's mental or physical condition.

悪く

waruku — Badly; adverbial form of 悪い meaning bad or poor.

さ

sa — Causative or nominalizing suffix; makes adjectives into nouns.

せる

seru — Causative auxiliary verb; to make or let someone do.

ところ

tokoro — Place; point in time; situation or circumstance.

だっ

datt(e) — Past form of だ; was, indicating past state or identity.

今日

kyou — Today; the present day.

至る

itaru — To reach; to arrive at; to extend up to.

まで

made — Until; up to; as far as a limit or point.

色

iro — Color; hue; shade of a particular pigment.

塗ら

nura — Stem of 塗る; to paint, coat, or apply color.

れ

re — Passive auxiliary suffix indicating something is done to subject.

醜く

minikuku — Uglily; adverbial form of 醜い meaning ugly or unsightly.

訪ねる

tazuneru — To visit; to call on someone at their place.

勇気

yuuki — Courage; bravery; boldness to face difficulty.

が

ga — Subject marker particle indicating the grammatical subject.

なかっ

nakatt(e) — Past negative stem of ない; did not have or exist.

さて

sate — Well now; now then; transitional discourse marker.

読者

dokusha — Reader; person who reads a text or publication.

よ

yo — Sentence-final particle conveying assertion or addressing someone.

いかなる

ikanaru — Whatever kind of; any sort of; formal interrogative adjective.

意味

imi — Meaning; significance; sense of a word or action.

全体

zentai — The whole; entirety; all of something collectively.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle; connecting nouns or clauses.

知り合い

shiriai — Acquaintance; someone one knows but not closely.

ある

aru — To exist; to have; to be present (inanimate).

か

ka — Question particle placed at sentence end to indicate inquiry.

これ

kore — This; pronoun referring to something near the speaker.

おわかり

owakari — Honorific form of わかる; you understand or comprehend.

だろ

daro — Probably; conjecture form of だ indicating supposition.

う

u — Volitional or probabilistic auxiliary indicating conjecture or intent.

すでに

sudeni — Already; by now; at this point in time.

自分

jibun — Oneself; one's own self; reflexive pronoun.

不安

fuan — Anxiety; unease; worry about an uncertain situation.

原因

genin — Cause; reason; origin of an event or condition.

察する

sassuru — To surmise; to sense; to infer from circumstances.

丸

maru — Whole; full; round; used to indicate a complete unit.

三

san — Three; the number 3.

日間

nikkан — Number of days; span of several days.

気がかり

kigakari — Worry; concern; something weighing on one's mind.

感じ

kanji — Feeling; sense; impression one experiences.

述べ

nobe — Stem of 述べる; to state, describe, or express.

街

machi — Town; city street; urban district or neighborhood.

落ち着か

ochitsuka — Stem of 落ち着く; to settle down, feel calm.

あの

ano — That (over there); referring to something distant or shared.

人

hito — Person; human being; individual.

いなく

inaku — Adverbial form of いない; not being present or existing.

なり

nari — Became; connective form of なる indicating change.

この

kono — This; demonstrative adjective for nearby things or people.

一人

hitori — One person; alone; by oneself.

どう

dou — How; in what way; asking about manner or method.

家

ie — House; home; one's dwelling or household.

らしく

rashiku — Adverbial form of らしい; seeming like, befitting something.

間

aida — Between; interval; period of time or space.

部屋

heya — Room; a chamber within a building.

おかしい

okashii — Strange; funny; something that seems wrong or odd.

頭

atama — Head; mind; one's intellectual capacity.

悩ま

nayama — Stem of 悩む; to trouble, worry, or torment someone.

せ

se — Causative stem; making or letting someone do something.

なぜ

naze — Why; for what reason; interrogative asking for cause.

そこ

soko — There; that place; location near the listener.

こんな

konna — This kind of; such a; referring to something nearby.

居心地

igokochi — Comfort level; how comfortable one feels in a place.

悪い

warui — Bad; poor; unpleasant in quality or character.

当惑

touwaku — Perplexity; bewilderment; being at a loss how to respond.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of する; connecting clauses or listing reasons.

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneous action connecting two verb phrases.

緑

midori — Green; the color green.

壁

kabe — Wall; vertical surface enclosing a room or building.

見事

migoto — Splendid; magnificent; admirably well done.

育て

sodate — Stem of 育てる; to raise, nurture, or cultivate.

上げ

age — Stem of 上げる; to raise up, complete, or finish.

巣

su — Nest; web; den; dwelling built by an animal.

覆わ

oowa — Stem of 覆う; to cover, envelop, or obscure something.

天井

tenjou — Ceiling; the upper interior surface of a room.

じっくり

jikkuri — Carefully; thoroughly; taking time to examine closely.

眺め

nagame — View; gaze; act of looking at something steadily.

家具

kagu — Furniture; movable objects used to furnish a room.

すべて

subete — Everything; all; the totality of items or matters.

見渡し

miwatashi — Overlooking; surveying; looking across an entire area.

椅子

isu — Chair; seat; piece of furniture to sit on.

一つ

hitotsu — One thing; one piece; a single item.

ひとつ

hitotsu — One; a single item; also used in set expressions.

調べ

shirabe — Investigation; examination; act of checking or researching.

問題

mondai — Problem; issue; question requiring attention or solution.

ない

nai — Not; negative adjective indicating absence or nonexistence.

思っ

omott(e) — Thought; te-form of 思う meaning to think or feel.

前

mae — Before; front; previous; earlier in time or space.

日

hi — Day; sun; a single calendar day.

同じ

onaji — Same; identical; equal in quality or nature.

位置

ichi — Position; location; place where something is situated.

置か

oka — Stem of 置く; to place, put, or set something down.

なけれ

nakere — Conditional negative stem; if not, unless something is done.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning if or when a condition holds.

られ

rare — Passive or potential auxiliary suffix indicating possibility or passivity.

だ

da — Copula; is, am, are; plain form of です.

から

kara — Because; from; since; indicating cause or starting point.

窓

mado — Window; opening in a wall admitting light or air.

み

mi — Suffix or stem; looking at, seeing, or nominalizing a verb.

無駄

muda — Useless; wasteful; effort or resource without benefit.

気

ki — Spirit; feeling; mind; mood or mental energy.

晴れ

hare — Clear weather; fine day; feeling of relief or brightness.