White nights, and other stories — Page 5

Vocabulary

私

watashi — First-person pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the sentence topic.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating the direct object.

呼ん

yon — Called or summoned someone (stem form of 呼ぶ).

で

de — Connective particle indicating means, location, or conjunction.

蜘蛛

kumo — Spider; a small arachnid creature.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

巣

su — Nest or web; dwelling built by animals or insects.

こと

koto — Thing, fact, or matter (abstract noun nominalizer).

や

ya — Particle listing examples non-exhaustively, meaning 'and' or 'or'.

だらし

darashi — Sloppiness or untidiness (used in だらしない).

なさ

nasa — Suffix indicating the lack or absence of a quality.

全般

zenpan — General overall; pertaining to everything in a category.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, time, or purpose.

つい

tsui — About; concerning; also used as 'inadvertently'.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential or simultaneous actions.

父親

chichioya — Father; one's male parent.

よう

you — Like; similar to; resembling something or someone.

な

na — Adjectival linking particle or sentence-final emphasis particle.

忠告

chuukoku — Advice or warning given sincerely to someone.

与えよ

ataeyou — To give or bestow (volitional/imperative form of 与える).

う

u — Volitional suffix meaning 'let's' or 'shall'.

と

to — Quotation particle or conjunction meaning 'and' or 'that'.

さえ

sae — Even; emphasizing an extreme or unexpected case.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of する; also lists reasons.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb marker.

しかし

shikashi — However; but; a conjunction showing contrast or contradiction.

彼女

kanojo — She; her; also used to mean 'girlfriend'.

ただ

tada — Just; merely; simply; only that and nothing more.

呆れ

akire — Amazed or stunned into speechlessness by something absurd.

見つめ

mitsume — Stared at; gazed fixedly at something or someone.

一言

hitokoto — A single word or brief remark.

も

mo — Also; too; even; emphatic inclusive particle.

言わ

iwa — Say or speak (negative stem form of 言う).

ず

zu — Classical negative suffix meaning 'without doing' something.

立ち去っ

tachisartte — Walked away; departed from a place abruptly.

しまっ

shimatte — Ended up doing; completed an action (often regrettably).

今日

kyou — Today; the current day.

悠々

yuuyuu — Leisurely; calmly; with composure and unhurried ease.

その

sono — That; referring to something previously mentioned or nearby.

場所

basho — Place; location; specific spot or area.

ぶら下がっ

burasagatte — Hanging down; dangling from something above.

いる

iru — To exist; to be (for animate beings); ongoing state.

やく

yaku — About; approximately (used with quantities or time).

今朝

kesa — This morning; earlier today in the morning hours.

なっ

natte — Became; turned into (conjunctive form of なる).

何

nani — What; which thing; an interrogative pronoun.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle; also expresses contrast or emphasis.

いけ

ike — Wrong; bad; not allowed (stem of いけない).

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; does not exist or is not the case.

か

ka — Question particle placed at sentence end to ask something.

悟っ

satotte — Realized; became enlightened; understood something deeply.

ああ

aa — Ah; oh; an exclamation of realization or emotion.

なん

nan — What; how (informal contraction of 何); exclamatory form.

皆

mina — Everyone; all people; everybody together.

まい

mai — Negative volitional; 'will not' or 'shall not' do something.

別荘

bessou — Villa; vacation home; a house used for holidays.

へ

e — Directional particle meaning 'toward' or 'to'.

逃げ出し

nigedashi — Fled; ran away; escaped from a place or situation.

こん

kon — This kind of (colloquial form of こんな).

俗っぽい

zokuppoi — Vulgar; commonplace; lacking refinement or elegance.

言い方

iikata — Way of saying; manner or phrasing of expression.

お

o — Honorific prefix showing respect or politeness.

許し

yurushi — Forgiveness; pardon; permission granted to someone.

いただき

itadaki — Humbly receive; polite form of receiving a favor.

たい

tai — Want to do; expresses the speaker's desire or wish.

今

ima — Now; at this moment; the present time.

上品

jouhin — Elegant; refined; sophisticated in manner or appearance.

言葉

kotoba — Word; language; expression; spoken or written utterance.

使う

tsukau — To use; to employ something or someone for a purpose.

気分

kibun — Mood; feeling; one's current emotional or physical state.

だ

da — Copula; informal form of 'is' or 'are'.

という

to iu — Called; known as; that is to say.

い

i — Informal copula or verb ending; to be (living).

もの

mono — Thing; object; something tangible or abstract.

すべて

subete — All; everything; entirely without exception.

休暇

kyuuka — Vacation; holiday; a period of rest from work.

ため

tame — For the sake of; purpose; benefit or reason.

すで

sude — Already (abbreviated form of すでに).

去っ

satte — Departed; left; went away from a place.

去り

sari — Leaving; departing (stem/conjunctive form of 去る).

つつ

tsutsu — While doing; in the process of; simultaneous action particle.

あっ

atte — Existing; being present (conjunctive form of ある).

から

kara — From; because; since; starting point or reason particle.

馬車

basha — Horse-drawn carriage; vehicle pulled by horses.

乗り込む

norikomu — To board; to get into a vehicle or place forcefully.

威厳

igen — Dignity; majesty; commanding presence and authority.

ある

aru — To exist; to have; to be present (for inanimate things).

風貌

fuubou — Appearance; looks; overall impression of a person's face.

立派

rippa — Splendid; fine; respectable; admirable in quality or character.

紳士

shinshi — Gentleman; a well-mannered and refined man.

目

me — Eye; also used as a suffix for ordinal numbers.

日々

hibi — Day by day; every day; daily life or routine.

務め

tsutome — Duty; work; one's professional obligations or responsibilities.

終え

oe — Finished; completed (conjunctive form of 終える).

後

ato / nochi — After; later; following a particular time or event.

家族

kazoku — Family; one's relatives living together or closely related.

懐

futokoro — Bosom; one's chest area; also means 'pocket' or 'finances'.

夏

natsu — Summer; the hottest season of the year.

向かう

mukau — To head toward; to face or proceed in a direction.

一家

ikka — A whole family; an entire household of related people.

主人

shujin — Master; husband; head of a household or establishment.

たちまち

tachimachi — Instantly; in no time; all of a sudden.

変容

henyou — Transformation; a change in appearance or character.

見え

mie — Appears; looks; becomes visible (conjunctive of 見える).

道行く

michiyuku — Passing along the road; people walking by on the street.

人々

hitobito — People; various individuals; folks in general.

みな

mina — All; everyone; everybody without exception.

すれ違う

surechigau — To pass by each other; to miss one another going opposite directions.

者

mono / sha — Person; individual; one who does something.

向かっ

mukatte — Facing toward; heading in a direction (conjunctive of 向かう).

こう

kou — Like this; in this way; thus.

語りかける

katari kakeru — To speak to; to address someone; to strike up conversation.

実に

jitsu ni — Truly; indeed; really; used to emphasize a statement.

奇妙

kimyou — Strange; peculiar; odd in a curious or mysterious way.

様子

yousu — Appearance; condition; situation; how something looks or seems.

ども

domo — Humble plural suffix; also means 'but' in classical usage.

ほん

hon — Real; true; genuine (short form of 本当 or 本).

一時

ichiji — Temporarily; for a while; one o'clock or a brief period.

ここ

koko — Here; this place; the current location.

だけ

dake — Only; just; nothing more than a specified amount.

です

desu — Polite copula meaning 'is', 'are', or 'am'.

よ

yo — Sentence-final particle asserting or emphasizing information.

皆さん

minasan — Everyone; ladies and gentlemen; a polite address to all.

あと

ato — After; remaining; in a little while; left over.

二

ni — Two; the number 2.

時間

jikan — Time; hours; a period or duration of time.

すれ

sure — Conditional stem of する; if one does something.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'.

出発

shuppatsu — Departure; setting off on a journey or trip.

する

suru — To do; to perform an action (most common Japanese verb).