White nights, and other stories — Page 6

Vocabulary

雪

yuki — Snow; frozen precipitation falling from clouds.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle in Japanese grammar.

よう

you — Resemblance or likeness; 'like' or 'as if'.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or purpose.

白い

shiroi — White; describes something of white color.

繊細

sensai — Delicate, fine, or sensitive in nature or appearance.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

指

yubi — Finger or toe; a digit of the hand or foot.

が

ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese sentences.

窓ガラス

madogarasu — Windowpane; the glass panel of a window.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating the direct object.

叩い

tatai — Struck or tapped; conjunctive form of 'tataku'.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary indicating completed action.

後

ato — After; following a previous event or action.

窓

mado — Window; an opening in a wall for light.

開き

hiraki — Opening; the act of something becoming open.

かわいらしい

kawairashii — Adorable, charming, or cute in appearance or manner.

少女

shoujo — Young girl; a female child or young woman.

頭

atama — Head; the uppermost part of the human body.

突き出さ

tsukidasa — Thrust out or stuck out; extended forward suddenly.

れ

re — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix form.

て

te — Conjunctive particle linking sequential or simultaneous actions.

鉢植え

hachiue — Potted plant; a plant growing in a pot.

花

hana — Flower; the bloom of a plant.

売る

uru — To sell; to exchange goods for money.

行商人

gyoushounin — Peddler or street vendor who sells goods while traveling.

声

koe — Voice; sound produced by a person speaking or calling.

かけ

kake — Calling out to; the act of addressing someone.

いる

iru — To exist or be; used for animate beings.

見る

miru — To see or look at; to observe something visually.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or 'when/if'.

私

watashi — I; first-person singular pronoun in Japanese.

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting the sentence's subject.

たちまち

tachimachi — Instantly, immediately, or in the blink of an eye.

その

sono — That; a demonstrative adjective referring to nearby thing.

花々

hanabana — Flowers; plural form emphasizing multiple blooming flowers.

単

tan — Simply, merely, or solely; used to limit scope.

息苦しい

ikigurushii — Suffocating, stifling, or oppressively hard to breathe.

町

machi — Town or city neighborhood; an urban area.

下宿

geshuku — Lodging house or boarding house; rented accommodation.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means used.

春

haru — Spring; the season between winter and summer.

楽しむ

tanoshimu — To enjoy; to take pleasure in something.

ため

tame — For the purpose of; in order to achieve something.

買わ

kawa — Buy; stem form of 'kau' before negative conjugation.

なく

naku — Without doing; negative conjunctive form of verb.

みんな

minna — Everyone; all people in a group.

すぐ

sugu — Soon, immediately, or right away.

田舎

inaka — Countryside or rural area; away from the city.

へ

e — Directional particle indicating movement toward a destination.

引っ越す

hikkosu — To move house; to relocate to a new place.

持っ

motte — Holding or having; conjunctive form of 'motsu'.

いける

ikeru — Can go; potential form of 'iku' meaning to go.

から

kara — Because; a conjunction indicating reason or cause.

だ

da — Copula meaning 'is' or 'it is'; plain form.

思い込ん

omoikon — Convinced oneself; to firmly believe or assume something.

さらに

sarani — Furthermore, in addition, or even more so.

この

kono — This; demonstrative adjective for something nearby.

新しい

atarashii — New; recently made, discovered, or come into existence.

奇妙

kimyou — Strange, peculiar, or curious in an unusual way.

種類

shurui — Type, kind, or category of things.

調査

chousa — Investigation or research; a systematic examination.

おい

oi — Hey; an informal interjection used to call attention.

めざましい

mezamashii — Remarkable, striking, or astonishing progress or achievement.

進歩

shinpo — Progress or advancement; improvement over time.

遂げ

toge — Accomplished or achieved; conjunctive form of 'togeru'.

それぞれ

sorezore — Each; respectively referring to individual items or people.

人

hito — Person or human being; an individual.

様子

yousu — Appearance, manner, or state of a person or situation.

だけ

dake — Only, just, or merely; limiting to one thing.

どの

dono — Which; interrogative adjective asking about a specific item.

別荘

bessou — Villa or vacation home; a secondary residence.

住ん

skon — Living in; conjunctive form of 'sumu' (to reside).

か

ka — Question marker particle placed at end of sentence.

正確

seikaku — Accurate, precise, or correct in detail.

見分ける

miwakeru — To distinguish or tell apart; to identify differences between.

こと

koto — Thing or fact; nominalizer turning verbs into nouns.

できる

dekiru — To be able to; to have the ability or possibility.

なっ

natte — Became; conjunctive form of 'naru' (to become).

や

ya — And; particle listing examples among multiple items.

あるいは

aruiwa — Or; alternatively; used to present another option.

住民

juumin — Resident or inhabitant of a particular place.

計算

keisan — Calculation or computation; figuring out numbers or plans.

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives or casual sentence-ending particle.

物腰

monogoshi — Manner or bearing; one's demeanor and way of acting.

優雅

yuuga — Elegant, graceful, or refined in style or manner.

流行

ryuukou — Fashion or trend; something currently popular or in style.

夏服

natsufuku — Summer clothes; light clothing worn during summer season.

そして

soshite — And then; a conjunction connecting sequential events or ideas.

乗り込む

norikomu — To board or get into a vehicle; to ride in.

立派

rippa — Splendid, magnificent, or impressive in appearance or quality.

馬車

basha — Horse-drawn carriage; a vehicle pulled by horses.

よっ

yotte — By means of; conjunctive form of 'yoru' (depends on context).

それ

sore — That; a pronoun referring to something previously mentioned.

わかっ

wakatte — Understood; conjunctive form of 'wakaru' (to understand).

遠い

tooi — Far, distant, or remote in space or time.

場所

basho — Place, location, or spot where something is or occurs.

行楽客

kourakukyaku — Excursionist or pleasure-tripper; a person on a leisure outing.

分別

funbetsu — Discretion, good judgment, or sensible thinking.

ある

aru — To exist; there is; used for inanimate objects or ideas.

堂々

doudou — Stately, imposing, or with dignity and confidence.

し

shi — Conjunctive form linking reasons or actions; 'and also'.

一目

hitome — A glance or single look; seeing at first sight.

見た

mita — Saw; past tense of 'miru' meaning to see.

強い

tsuyoi — Strong, powerful, or intense in force or effect.

印象

inshou — Impression; a feeling or image left in the mind.

与え

atae — Gave or provided; conjunctive form of 'ataeru'.

遠足客

ensokukyaku — Day-tripper or excursionist; someone on a short outing.

抑え

osae — Suppressing or holding back; restraining an emotion or action.

きれ

kire — Unable to do completely; suffix indicating inability to finish.

ない

nai — Not; negative form indicating absence or negation.

陽気

youki — Cheerful, merry, or in good spirits; lively mood.

表情

hyoujou — Facial expression; the look on someone's face.

でき

deki — Can do; stem form of 'dekiru' meaning to be able.