A Modest Proposal: For preventing the children of poor people in Ireland, from being a burden on their parents or country, and for making them beneficial to the publick — Page 5

Vocabulary

Tôi

First person singular pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'

đã

Past tense marker indicating completed action

được

Indicates passive voice or successful achievement of something

một

The number one; indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an'

người

Person, human being, or individual

Mỹ

Refers to America or the United States

rất

Very, extremely; intensifier used before adjectives

hiểu

To understand or comprehend something

biết

To know a fact or have knowledge of something

trong

In, inside, or within a place or group

số

Number, quantity, or amount of something

những

Plural marker for nouns indicating multiple items

quen

To be familiar with or acquainted with someone

của

Possessive particle meaning 'of' or 'belonging to'

tôi

First person singular pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'

ở

To live, reside, or be located at a place

bảo

To tell, instruct, or guarantee something

rằng

Conjunction meaning 'that,' introducing a clause

đứa

Classifier for children or young individuals

trẻ

Young, youthful; refers to a child or young person

còn

Still, yet; indicates continuation of a state

non

Young, tender, immature, or unripe

khỏe

Healthy, strong, in good physical condition

mạnh

Strong, powerful, robust in health or strength

nuôi

To raise, feed, or nourish a person or animal

dưỡng

To nurture, nourish, or care for someone's wellbeing

tốt

Good, well, of high quality or character

lúc

At the time of; a moment or point in time

tuổi

Age; the number of years someone has lived

là

To be; linking verb connecting subject and predicate

thực

Real, true, actual; component of food-related compounds

phẩm

Product, item, or goods; used in compound nouns

vô

Without, lacking; prefix meaning extremely or boundless

cùng

Together, same; also used as an intensifier

thơm

Fragrant, aromatic, deliciously scented

ngon

Delicious, tasty, good-tasting food or drink

bổ

Nutritious, nourishing, beneficial for health

và

And; conjunction connecting words or clauses

lành

Wholesome, safe, gentle, or healthy

dù

Although, even though, regardless of circumstances

hầm

To braise or slow-cook food in liquid

quay

To roast meat on a spit or rotisserie

nướng

To grill or roast food over heat

hay

Or; conjunction presenting alternatives

luộc

To boil food, especially vegetables or meat

không

No, not; negation word in Vietnamese

nghi

To suspect or doubt; part of doubt-related compounds

ngờ

To doubt or be suspicious; used in compound phrases

gì

What, anything; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

nó

It, he, she; third person singular pronoun

cũng

Also, too, as well; additive adverb

sẽ

Future tense marker indicating something will happen

hợp

Suitable, fitting, appropriate for a purpose

món

A dish or course of food

xào

To stir-fry food in a pan with oil

kiểu

Style, type, manner, or fashion of something

Pháp

France or French; relating to French culture

Vì

Because, due to; causal conjunction or preposition

vậy

So, therefore, thus; refers to a situation

xin

To politely request or humbly ask for something

khiêm

Humble, modest; component of humility-related words

tốn

To cost, spend, or waste resources or time

đề

To propose, raise, or put forward a topic

xuất

To put forward, export, or produce something

để

To, in order to; purpose conjunction or 'let'

công

Public, common, or work-related; labor

chúng

We, us, they; plural personal pronoun

cân

To weigh or balance; a scale instrument

nhắc

To remind, mention, or lift something briefly

trăm

Hundred; the number one hundred

hai

Two; the number two

mươi

Ten or tens; used in compound numbers

nghìn

Thousand; the number one thousand

tính

To calculate, consider, or plan something

toán

Mathematics or calculation; to compute numbers

có

To have, possess, or there is/are

thể

Can, able to; indicates possibility or capability

giữ

To keep, hold, or retain something

lại

Again, back, or to remain; directional particle

sinh

To be born, to produce or generate life

sản

Production, birth, or product; used in compounds

đó

That, there; demonstrative pronoun indicating distance

chỉ

Only, merely, just; limiting adverb

phần

Part, portion, or section of a whole

tư

Four; also means private or personal

con

Child, offspring, or classifier for animals

đực

Male, referring to male animals

điều

Matter, thing, point, or condition being discussed

này

This, these; demonstrative pronoun for nearby things

nhiều

Many, much, a lot; indicates large quantity

hơn

More than, comparative marker for adjectives

mức

Level, degree, standard, or threshold amount

ta

We, us, I; informal first person pronoun

cho

To give, allow, or for the purpose of

phép

Permission, rule, or polite request

đối

Toward, regarding, opposite; used in prepositional phrases

với

With, together with; preposition of accompaniment

cừu

Sheep; a domesticated woolly farm animal

gia

Family, home; component of household-related compounds

súc

Livestock, domestic animals kept on a farm

lợn

Pig, hog; a common farm animal for meat

lý

Reason, logic, principle; component of reasoning words

do

Reason, cause; because of something

hiếm

Rare, scarce, seldom occurring

khi

When, at the time that something happens

kết

To conclude, combine, or result in something

quả

Fruit; result or outcome of an action

hôn

To kiss; component of marriage-related compounds

nhân

Person, human; component of relationship compounds

cảnh

Situation, circumstance, scene, or condition

kẻ

Person, individual; often used negatively or neutrally

dã

Wild, savage, uncivilized; component of compounds

man

Barbaric, savage, uncivilized person or behavior

coi

To consider, regard, or watch over something

trọng

To value, respect, regard as important

mấy

Several, a few; interrogative for small numbers

đủ

Enough, sufficient, adequate amount

phục

To serve, admire, or submit; component of service words

vụ

Affair, matter, season, or service duty

bốn

Four; the number four

cái

Classifier for objects; also means 'thing' or female

Rằng

That; conjunction introducing a subordinate clause

đem

To bring, carry, or take something somewhere

bán

To sell goods or services for money

địa

Land, earth, area; component of place compounds

vị

Position, status, rank, or taste/flavor

tài

Talent, ability, wealth, or financial resources

khắp

Throughout, everywhere, all over a place

vương

King, royal; component of kingdom-related words

quốc

Country, nation, state

luôn

Always, constantly, continually doing something

khuyên

To advise, recommend, or counsel someone

mẹ

Mother; a female parent

bú

To breastfeed or suckle milk from mother

thật

Truly, really, genuinely; expressing sincerity

tháng

Month; one of twelve divisions of the year

cuối

Last, final, end of a period or sequence

khiến

To cause, make, or lead someone to do something

mập

Fat, chubby, plump in body size

béo

Fat, fatty, rich in fat content

bữa

Meal; a time when food is eaten

ăn

To eat food or consume a meal

thịnh

Prosperous, abundant, flourishing

soạn

To prepare, compose, or arrange something elaborately

Một

One; the number one or 'a/an'

làm

To do, make, or perform an action

tiệc

A party, feast, or banquet celebration

đãi

To treat, host, or entertain guests with food

bạn

Friend, companion, or second person pronoun

bè

Friends, companions; used in compound 'bạn bè'

đình

Communal house, family, or household

dùng

To use, consume, or utilize something

riêng

Separate, private, individual, exclusive

trước

Before, in front of, prior to something

hoặc

Or; conjunction presenting alternatives or options

sau

After, behind, later in time or position

tạo

To create, form, or produce something

thành

To become, form into, or succeed in something

vừa

Just right, fitting; just did something recently

phải

Must, have to, right side, or correct

nêm

To season food with spices or condiments

chút

A little, a small amount of something

tiêu

Black pepper; also means to spend or consume

muối

Salt; used for seasoning or preserving food

vào

Into, in, enter; directional preposition

ngày

Day; a 24-hour period of time

thứ

Ordinal number marker; day of the week

đặc

Special, thick, concentrated, or distinctive

biệt

Special, distinct, separate from ordinary

mùa

Season of the year or a particular period

đông

Winter; the cold season of the year