A Modest Proposal: For preventing the children of poor people in Ireland, from being a burden on their parents or country, and for making them beneficial to the publick — Page 6

Vocabulary

Tôi

Tôi — First person singular pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'.

đã

đã — Past tense marker indicating completed action.

tính

tính — To calculate, compute, or consider something.

toán

toán — Mathematics or calculation; used in compounds.

dựa

dựa — To rely on, base upon, or lean against something.

trên

trên — On, above, or upon a surface or basis.

một

một — The number one; indefinite article 'a' or 'an'.

mức

mức — Level, rate, or degree of something.

trung

trung — Middle, average, or medium; used in compounds.

bình

bình — Average, normal, or ordinary; used in compounds.

rằng

rằng — Conjunction meaning 'that', introducing a clause.

đứa

đứa — Classifier for children or young individuals.

trẻ

trẻ — Young, youthful; a child or young person.

vừa

vừa — Just, recently; also means fitting or moderate.

mới

mới — New, recent; just having done something.

sinh

sinh — To be born; to give birth; life.

sẽ

sẽ — Future tense marker indicating something will happen.

nặng

nặng — Heavy in weight; serious or severe.

và

và — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.

trong

trong — In, inside, within a time or space.

năm

năm — Year; also the number five.

dương

dương — Solar, positive; used in 'solar calendar' compound.

lịch

lịch — Calendar; also means polite or elegant.

nếu

nếu — Conditional conjunction meaning 'if'.

được

được — To be able to; indicates passive or permission.

nuôi

nuôi — To raise, feed, or nurture a person or animal.

dưỡng

dưỡng — To nourish, foster, or care for someone.

tạm

tạm — Temporary, provisional; tolerably or passably well.

ổn

ổn — Stable, okay, or satisfactory condition.

tăng

tăng — To increase, grow, or rise in amount.

lên

lên — Up, upward; indicates increase or movement upward.

thừa

thừa — To admit, acknowledge; also means surplus or excess.

nhận

nhận — To receive, accept, or recognize something.

thứ

thứ — Ordinal marker; type or kind of something.

thực

thực — Real, actual; used in 'food' compound thực phẩm.

phẩm

phẩm — Product, goods; used in food-related compounds.

này

này — Demonstrative meaning 'this' or 'these'.

có

có — To have, exist, or there is something.

phần

phần — Part, portion, share; somewhat or rather.

đắt

đắt — Expensive, costly in price.

đỏ

đỏ — Red color; used in compound meaning very expensive.

do

do — Due to, because of, caused by something.

đó

đó — Demonstrative meaning 'that', 'there', or 'therefore'.

rất

rất — Very, extremely; intensifier for adjectives.

phù

phù — Fitting, suitable; used in compound phù hợp.

hợp

hợp — Suitable, appropriate, to fit or match.

cho

cho — For, to give; preposition indicating recipient.

các

các — Plural marker for nouns referring to multiple things.

địa

địa — Land, earth, locality; used in compounds.

chủ

chủ — Owner, master, host; head of something.

những

những — Plural marker for nouns; those or these things.

người

người — Person, human being, people.

mà

mà — Relative pronoun 'who/which'; also means 'but'.

vì

vì — Because, for the sake of; causal conjunction.

ăn

ăn — To eat food or consume a meal.

nuốt

nuốt — To swallow food or liquid; to devour.

hầu

hầu — Almost, nearly; to serve or wait upon.

hết

hết — All, entirely, finished; completely used up.

cha

cha — Father, dad; male parent.

mẹ

mẹ — Mother, mom; female parent.

của

của — Possessive particle meaning 'of' or belonging to.

chúng

chúng — They, them; third person plural pronoun.

rồi

rồi — Already, then; indicates completed or subsequent action.

dường

dường — Seemingly, apparently; used in compound dường như.

như

như — Like, as, such as; comparative conjunction.

quyền

quyền — Right, authority, power to do something.

hưởng

hưởng — To enjoy, benefit from, or receive something.

hơn

hơn — More than, comparative marker for adjectives.

ai

ai — Who, anyone, someone; interrogative pronoun.

Thịt

Thịt — Meat, flesh of an animal for eating.

sơ

sơ — Fresh, new, raw; preliminary or early stage.

vào

vào — Into, to enter; indicates direction inward or time.

mùa

mùa — Season of the year; harvest or growing period.

quanh

quanh — Around, surrounding; nearby or throughout.

nhưng

nhưng — But, however; adversative conjunction.

dồi

dồi — Abundant, plentiful; used in compound dồi dào.

dào

dào — Plentiful, abundant; used in compound dồi dào.

tháng

tháng — Month; one of twelve divisions of the year.

Ba

Ba — Three; March when referring to the third month.

thời

thời — Time, period, era; used in time compounds.

gian

gian — Space, interval; used in time and space compounds.

ngắn

ngắn — Short in length or duration; brief.

trước

trước — Before, in front of, prior to something.

sau

sau — After, behind, later in time or space.

tác

tác — Author, creator; used in authorship compounds.

giả

giả — Author, fake, or pretend; used in compounds.

nghiêm

nghiêm — Strict, serious, stern in manner or attitude.

túc

túc — Serious, solemn; used in compound nghiêm túc.

bác

bác — Doctor; uncle/aunt; older respected person.

sĩ

sĩ — Scholar, specialist; used in professional title compounds.

Pháp

Pháp — France or French; relating to the French nation.

nổi

nổi — Famous, prominent; to float or rise up.

tiếng

tiếng — Famous; language; sound or voice.

ta

ta — We, us; informal first person singular or plural.

biết

biết — To know, be aware of, or understand something.

cá

cá — Fish; aquatic animal used as food.

là

là — To be; linking verb equivalent to 'is/are/am'.

kiêng

kiêng — To abstain from, avoid, or dietary restriction.

kích

kích — To stimulate, excite; used in stimulation compounds.

thích

thích — To like, enjoy; stimulate in compound form.

sản

sản — To produce, give birth; property or production.

nhiều

nhiều — Many, much, a lot of something.

em

em — Younger sibling; used as humble first person pronoun.

ra

ra — Out, outward; indicates emergence or production.

ở

ở — To live at, stay at, be located somewhere.

quốc

quốc — Nation, country; used in national compounds.

gia

gia — Family, home, nation; used in compounds.

Công

Công — Public, common; Catholic in compound Công giáo.

giáo

giáo — Religion, teaching; used in religious compounds.

La

La — Latin; used in Roman Catholic compound.

Mã

Mã — Roman; used in Roman Catholic compound La Mã.

khoảng

khoảng — Approximately, about, around a number or distance.

chín

chín — Nine; also means ripe or cooked thoroughly.

Mùa

Mùa — Season; Lent when used in religious context.

Chay

Chay — Fasting, abstinence; Lent in Catholic context.

bất

bất — Any, negation prefix; used in compound bất kỳ.

kỳ

kỳ — Any, strange, period; used in compound bất kỳ.

nào

nào — Any, which; interrogative or indefinite pronoun.

khác

khác — Other, different, another thing or person.

vậy

vậy — So, thus, therefore; indicating consequence.

chợ

chợ — Market, marketplace where goods are bought and sold.

tràn

tràn — To overflow, flood, or be filled abundantly.

ngập

ngập — Flooded, overflowing, inundated with something.

hàng

hàng — Goods, merchandise; row or line of things.

thường

thường — Usually, ordinary, normal; often or commonly.

lệ

lệ — Custom, rule, precedent; used in compound thường lệ.

bởi

bởi — Because of, by; causal preposition or conjunction.

số

số — Number, quantity, amount; fate or destiny.

lượng

lượng — Quantity, amount, volume of something.

theo

theo — To follow, according to, in accordance with.

đạo

đạo — Religion, doctrine, way; moral path or teaching.

Giáo

Giáo — Religion; Pope in compound Giáo hoàng.

hoàng

hoàng — Emperor, king; used in compound Giáo hoàng (Pope).

ít

ít — Few, little, not much in quantity.

nhất

nhất — Most, superlative marker; at least or number one.

gấp

gấp — Times, fold; urgent; to multiply by a factor.

ba

ba — Three; father in informal speech.

lần

lần — Time, instance, occurrence; times as in three times.

so

so — To compare; used in compound so với (compared to).

với

với — With, together with; compared to in compounds.

vương

vương — King, kingdom, royal; used in royal compounds.

điều

điều — Thing, matter, point; condition or article.

thêm

thêm — Additional, more, to add extra to something.

lợi

lợi — Benefit, advantage, profit from something.

thế

thế — Position, posture, advantage; so or thus.

phụ

phụ — Additional, secondary, auxiliary; to assist.

làm

làm — To do, make, work, perform an action.

giảm

giảm — To reduce, decrease, lessen in amount.

tín

tín — Believer, faithful; used in religious compounds.

đồ

đồ — Follower, disciple; things or objects.

chi

chi — To spend, expenditure; branch or detail.

phí

phí — Cost, fee, expense; to waste something.

xin

xin — Please; to request, ask politely for something.

danh

danh — Name, fame, title; used in list compounds.

sách

sách — Book; list in compound danh sách.

tôi

tôi — First person singular pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'.

cả

cả — All, entire, whole; even including something.

nhà

nhà — House, home, family; building or dwelling place.

tranh

tranh — Straw, thatch; to compete or contend; painting.

lao

lao — Labor, to rush; used in compound lao động.

động

động — Labor, movement; to move or be dynamic.

bốn

bốn — The number four.

nông

nông — Farming, agricultural; shallow in depth.

dân

dân — People, citizen, peasant; common folk.

hai

hai — The number two.

mỗi

mỗi — Each, every; referring to individual items.

kể

kể — To tell, narrate; to count or include.

quần

quần — Pants, trousers; used in clothing compounds.

áo

áo — Shirt, clothing, garment worn on upper body.

rách

rách — Torn, tattered, worn out clothing or fabric.

tin

tin — To believe, trust; news or information.

không

không — No, not, zero; negation word in Vietnamese.

quý

quý — Precious, valuable, dear; respected gentleman.

ông

ông — Mister, gentleman, grandfather; respectful male address.

lại

lại — Again, back; to come; adversative marker.

phàn

phàn — To complain; used in compound phàn nàn.

nàn

nàn — To complain, grumble; used in compound phàn nàn.

khi

khi — When, at the time of an event or action.

bỏ

bỏ — To abandon, drop, spend; to put aside.

mười

mười — The number ten.

để

để — In order to, so that; to place or let.

mua

mua — To buy, purchase something at a price.

xác

xác — Corpse, body; carcass of an animal.

béo

béo — Fat, plump, chubby; rich or greasy food.

tốt

tốt — Good, well, fine in quality or condition.

nói

nói — To speak, say, talk, tell something.

món

món — Dish, course; item of food or meal.

thịt

thịt — Meat, flesh of an animal for eating.

bổ

bổ — Nutritious, nourishing; to supplement or add.

tuyệt

tuyệt — Excellent, superb; absolutely wonderful or perfect.

hảo

hảo — Excellent, good; used in compound tuyệt hảo.

chỉ

chỉ — Only, just, merely; to point at something.

vài

vài — A few, several; small number of things.

bạn

bạn — Friend, companion; second person pronoun for peers.

thân

thân — Close, intimate, dear; body or self.

hoặc

hoặc — Or, either; presenting an alternative option.

chính

chính — Main, principal, official; correct or exact.

đình

đình — Communal house; family in compound gia đình.

dùng

dùng — To use, employ, utilize; to eat or consume.

bữa

bữa — Meal, mealtime; a sitting for eating food.

cùng

cùng — Together, along with; same or at the same time.