A Modest Proposal: For preventing the children of poor people in Ireland, from being a burden on their parents or country, and for making them beneficial to the publick — Page 9

Vocabulary

Nhưng

Nhưng — Conjunction meaning 'but' or 'however'

để

để — To place; in order to; so that

chữa

chữa — To repair, treat, or defend against something

cho

cho — To give; for; to allow someone something

bạn

bạn — Friend; second-person pronoun for peers

tôi

tôi — First-person singular pronoun meaning 'I'

ông

ông — Mister; grandfather; formal male pronoun

ấy

ấy — That; refers to a previously mentioned entity

thú

thú — To confess; animal; interest or pleasure

nhận

nhận — To receive; to acknowledge or recognize something

rằng

rằng — That; used to introduce a reported clause

mưu

mưu — Scheme, plot, or stratagem devised secretly

kế

kế — Plan, strategy, or successive step in sequence

này

này — This; demonstrative adjective indicating nearness

được

được — To obtain; able to; passive voice marker

gợi

gợi — To suggest, evoke, or bring to mind

lên

lên — To go up; directional particle indicating upward

trong

trong — In, inside, within a space or time

đầu

đầu — Head; beginning; top of something

bởi

bởi — Because of; by; due to a cause

nổi

nổi — Famous, prominent; to float or rise up

tiếng

tiếng — Famous; sound; language; word or reputation

một

một — The number one; a, an (indefinite article)

người

người — Person, human being, or people in general

bản

bản — Original; copy; native; version of something

địa

địa — Land, earth, local area or territory

của

của — Of; belonging to; possessive particle in Vietnamese

đảo

đảo — Island; to reverse or overturn something

đã

đã — Past tense marker indicating completed action

từ

từ — From; word; character; since a point in time

đó

đó — There; that place; referring to mentioned location

đến

đến — To arrive at; to reach a destination

hơn

hơn — More than; comparative particle indicating excess

hai

hai — The number two in Vietnamese

mươi

mươi — Tens digit marker used in compound numbers

năm

năm — Year; the number five in Vietnamese

trước

trước — Before; in front of; previously in time

và

và — And; coordinating conjunction joining elements together

cuộc

cuộc — Classifier for events, matches, or conversations

trò

trò — Game, role, or part in a conversation

chuyện

chuyện — Story, conversation, matter, or topic discussed

kể

kể — To tell, narrate, or recount a story

với

với — With; together with; to; preposition of accompaniment

ở

ở — To live at; at; in a location

xứ

xứ — Land, region, country, or territory

sở

sở — Place, office, or bureau of an organization

ta

ta — We, us; informal first-person pronoun

khi

khi — When; at the time that something occurs

bất

bất — Prefix meaning 'not' or 'any' in compounds

kỳ

kỳ — Any; strange; period or term of time

trẻ

trẻ — Young; child; youthful person

nào

nào — Which; any; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

bị

bị — Passive voice marker indicating negative experience

xử

xử — To judge, handle, or deal with a matter

tử

tử — Death; to die; child in classical usage

hành

hành — To carry out, execute, or perform an action

quyết

quyết — To decide; to execute; determined resolution

sẽ

sẽ — Future tense marker indicating upcoming action

bán

bán — To sell goods or services for money

xác

xác — Corpse, body, or physical remains of person

những

những — Plural marker for nouns indicating multiple items

quyền

quyền — Right, power, authority, or privilege

quý

quý — Noble, precious, esteemed, or valuable

như

như — Like, as, such as; comparison particle

món

món — Dish, item of food, or a course of meal

ngon

ngon — Delicious, tasty, describing good-tasting food

thượng

thượng — Upper, superior, high-class, or top-ranked

hạng

hạng — Class, grade, rank, or category of quality

vào

vào — To enter; into; at a particular time

thời

thời — Time, era, period, or season

thi

thi — To take an exam; corpse in classical usage

thể

thể — Body; form; aspect; possible or able to

cô

cô — Young woman; aunt; Miss; female pronoun

gái

gái — Girl, female, woman of young age

mười

mười — The number ten in Vietnamese

lăm

lăm — Five when used in compound numbers like fifteen

tuổi

tuổi — Age; years old; classifier for age

đóng

đóng — To nail, close, play a role, or contribute

đinh

đinh — Nail, spike; to nail or fasten something

vì

vì — Because; for the sake of; due to

tội

tội — Crime, sin, offense, or guilt

toan

toan — To intend, plan, or attempt to do

độc

độc — Poison, toxic; cruel; only or sole

Hoàng

Hoàng — Emperor; imperial; yellow; common Vietnamese surname

đế

đế — Emperor; sovereign ruler of an empire

vị

vị — Classifier for respected persons; taste; position

đại

đại — Great, large, grand; prefix meaning 'high-ranking'

thần

thần — Deity, spirit; official minister serving the emperor

triều

triều — Royal court; dynasty; tide of the sea

hạ

hạ — Your Majesty; lower; summer; to bring down

các

các — Plural marker for respected persons or groups

quan

quan — Official, mandarin; to observe; coffin; unit of currency

lớn

lớn — Big, large, great, or grown-up

khác

khác — Other, different, another; distinct from before

đình

đình — Communal house; to stop; court or hall

theo

theo — To follow; according to; alongside something

từng

từng — Each, every; used to; individually one by one

phần

phần — Part, portion, section, or share of something

giá

giá — Price, cost, value; rack or stand

treo

treo — To hang, suspend from above something

cổ

cổ — Neck; old, ancient; antique

bốn

bốn — The number four in Vietnamese

trăm

trăm — Hundred; the number one hundred

đồng

đồng — Vietnamese currency unit; copper; same; field

Thật

Thật — Truly, really, actually, in truth

ra

ra — Out, outward; to come out; actually

cũng

cũng — Also, too, as well; even

không

không — No, not; zero; negation particle

phủ

phủ — To deny; prefecture; to cover or spread over

nếu

nếu — If; conditional conjunction introducing hypothetical clause

cách

cách — Way, method, manner of doing something

dùng

dùng — To use, employ, or make use of

tương

tương — Similar, mutual; sauce; future in compounds

tự

tự — Self; naturally; letter or character

áp

áp — To press, apply pressure; to impose upon

dụng

dụng — To apply, use, employ in practice

số

số — Number; fate; destiny; quantity

thị

thị — Town, city, urban area; to look at

trấn

trấn — Town; to guard, pacify, or suppress

chẳng

chẳng — Not at all; negation for emphasis

có

có — To have; there is; exist

xu

xu — Cent; small coin; tiny amount of money

dính

dính — To stick to; to be attached; smeared with

túi

túi — Pocket, bag, or pouch for carrying things

ngoài

ngoài — Outside, beyond, exterior, apart from

khiêng

khiêng — To carry a heavy object with others

xuất

xuất — To go out, export, or produce

hiện

hiện — To appear; current, present; to manifest

nhà

nhà — House, home, building; family; professional expert

hát

hát — To sing; singing or vocal performance

cùng

cùng — Together with; also; at the same time

buổi

buổi — Session, occasion, period of day or event

hội

hội — Association, gathering, meeting, or assembly

họp

họp — To meet, convene for a meeting or assembly

trang

trang — Page; attire; to dress or decorate elegantly

phục

phục — Clothing, attire; to submit; to restore

xa

xa — Far, distant; far away in space or time

hoa

hoa — Flower; luxurious; Chinese in some compounds

ngoại

ngoại — Foreign, external, outside; maternal in family terms

quốc

quốc — Country, nation, state

mà

mà — But, yet; which; emphasis or contrast particle

họ

họ — They, them; family clan name; surname

bao

bao — How much; bag; to cover or include

giờ

giờ — Hour; time; now; o'clock

thanh

thanh — To pay off; sound; green; pure or clear

toán

toán — Mathematics; to calculate; group or squad

thì

thì — Then; tense marker; conditional result clause

vương

vương — King, prince, royal; to be tangled

thế

thế — World; so, thus; posture; power or generation

tệ

tệ — Bad, poor quality, inferior, terrible

Một

Một — One; a single item or instance

tinh

tinh — Spirit, essence; pure; bright; clever

bi

bi — Sorrow, grief; sad; marble (the toy)

đang

đang — Progressive aspect marker indicating ongoing action

hết

hết — All, entirely; to run out; finished

sức

sức — Strength, force, energy, power, effort

lo

lo — To worry, be anxious about something

lắng

lắng — To listen carefully; to settle, sink down

về

về — About, regarding; to return home; concerning

lượng

lượng — Amount, quantity, volume; to measure or estimate

nghèo

nghèo — Poor, impoverished, lacking material resources

già

già — Old, elderly, aged person

yếu

yếu — Weak, feeble, frail in health or strength

bệnh

bệnh — Illness, disease, sickness, medical condition

tật

tật — Disability, defect, bad habit, or ailment

hoặc

hoặc — Or; either...or; presenting alternatives

tàn

tàn — Disabled, remnant; to fade or wither away

yêu

yêu — To love; love; to like deeply

cầu

cầu — To request; bridge; ball; to pray for

suy

suy — To decline, weaken; to think, reflect deeply

nghĩ

nghĩ — To think, consider, or ponder something

xem

xem — To watch, see, consider, or look at

làm

làm — To do, make, work, or perform an action

gì

gì — What; anything; interrogative pronoun

giảm

giảm — To reduce, decrease, or lessen in amount

bớt

bớt — To reduce, lessen, or decrease somewhat

gánh

gánh — To carry on a shoulder pole; burden

nặng

nặng — Heavy, serious, severe, weighty burden

đất

đất — Earth, land, soil, ground, territory

nước

nước — Water; country, nation, homeland