A Modest Proposal: For preventing the children of poor people in Ireland, from being a burden on their parents or country, and for making them beneficial to the publick — Page 12

Vocabulary

Điều

Điều — Thing, matter, or point being discussed

này

này — This, referring to something nearby or just mentioned

sẽ

sẽ — Will, future tense marker in Vietnamese

làm

làm — To do, make, or cause something

tăng

tăng — To increase, rise, or grow in amount

thêm

thêm — More, additional, or to add something

sự

sự — Nominalizer particle for abstract nouns or concepts

chăm

chăm — Diligent, attentive, or to tend to carefully

sóc

sóc — To care for or look after someone

và

và — And, conjunction connecting words or phrases

âu

âu — To worry about or feel tender affection

yếm

yếm — To cherish or show loving tenderness toward someone

của

của — Of, belonging to, possessive particle

những

những — Plural marker for nouns in Vietnamese

người

người — Person, people, or human being

mẹ

mẹ — Mother, a female parent

đối

đối — Toward, facing, or in relation to

với

với — With, together with, or toward

con

con — Child, offspring, or classifier for animals

cái

cái — Thing, female animal, or general classifier

họ

họ — They, them, or their (third person plural)

khi

khi — When, at the time that something occurs

chắc

chắc — Sure, certain, firm, or confident

chắn

chắn — To block or be certain; used with chắc

rằng

rằng — That, introducing a subordinate clause or statement

đứa

đứa — Classifier for children or young individuals

trẻ

trẻ — Young, child, or youthful person

tội

tội — Sin, crime, or pitiful situation

nghiệp

nghiệp — Karma, occupation, or poor wretch (tội nghiệp)

có

có — To have, exist, or there is

một

một — One, a single unit or item

chỗ

chỗ — Place, spot, or position

nương

nương — To lean on or depend upon for support

thân

thân — Body, self, or close relationship

suốt

suốt — Throughout, all the way through a duration

đời

đời — Life, lifetime, or generation

được

được — To be able to, to receive, or successfully

nhà

nhà — House, home, or institution

nước

nước — Water, country, or nation-state

chu

chu — To provide fully or completely for someone

cấp

cấp — To supply, provide, or grant officially

theo

theo — According to, following, or in accordance with

cách

cách — Way, method, or manner of doing something

nào

nào — Which, what, or some (interrogative/indefinite)

đó

đó — That, there, referring to something previously mentioned

mang

mang — To bring, carry, or bear something along

lại

lại — Again, back, or to bring about a result

lợi

lợi — Benefit, profit, or advantageous outcome

nhuận

nhuận — Profit, revenue, or financial gain

hàng

hàng — Goods, row, or per (hàng năm = annually)

năm

năm — Year, or the number five

cho

cho — For, to give, or to allow someone

thay

thay — Instead of, to replace, or to substitute

vì

vì — Because, for the sake of

tốn

tốn — To cost, spend, or waste resources

kém

kém — Poor, lacking, or less than adequate

Chúng

Chúng — We, they, or those (plural pronoun)

ta

ta — We (inclusive), I, or us together

sớm

sớm — Early, soon, or before expected time

thấy

thấy — To see, notice, or feel something

cuộc

cuộc — Classifier for events, contests, or activities

thi

thi — To compete, take an exam, or contest

đua

đua — To race, compete, or vie with others

thành

thành — Sincere, genuine, or to become something

thật

thật — True, real, genuine, or honest

giữa

giữa — Among, between, or in the middle of

phụ

phụ — Female, auxiliary, or supplementary

nữ

nữ — Woman, female gender

đã

đã — Past tense marker, already done or completed

lập

lập — To establish, set up, or found something

gia

gia — Family, household, or home

đình

đình — Family, communal house, or household unit

xem

xem — To watch, look at, or consider something

ai

ai — Who, whoever, someone (interrogative pronoun)

trong

trong — In, inside, within, or among

số

số — Number, among, or a quantity

thể

thể — Can, able to, or body/form

mập

mập — Fat, plump, or chubby in body

nhất

nhất — Most, superlative marker in Vietnamese

ra

ra — Out, go out, or to produce/result in

chợ

chợ — Market, marketplace where goods are sold

bán

bán — To sell goods or services

Đàn

Đàn — Group, herd, or flock (classifier for groups)

ông

ông — Mr., grandfather, or older male person

trở

trở — To become, turn, or return to a state

nên

nên — Should, therefore, or to become

yêu

yêu — To love, adore, or feel affection for

quý

quý — To value, cherish, or precious and dear

vợ

vợ — Wife, a female spouse

mình

mình — Oneself, body, or intimate pronoun for self

thời

thời — Time, period, season, or era

gian

gian — Time period, space, or treacherous (context-dependent)

thai

thai — Fetus, pregnancy, or embryo

giống

giống — Similar to, like, or a breed/species

như

như — Like, as, or similar to something

hiện

hiện — Present, current, or to appear/show

nay

nay — Now, nowadays, or the present time

ngựa

ngựa — Horse, equine animal

đang

đang — Currently doing, present progressive marker

chửa

chửa — Pregnant (colloquial), or not yet

bò

bò — Cow, cattle, or to crawl

hay

hay — Or, often, interesting, or good

lợn

lợn — Pig, hog, or swine (northern Vietnamese)

nái

nái — Sow, female pig ready to give birth

sắp

sắp — About to, soon going to do something

đẻ

đẻ — To give birth, bear offspring

không

không — No, not, negation particle in Vietnamese

đánh

đánh — To hit, beat, strike, or fight

đá

đá — To kick, or stone/rock material

là

là — To be, is, am, are (copula verb)

thói

thói — Habit, custom, or usual behavior

quen

quen — Familiar, accustomed, or to know someone

quá

quá — Too, overly, excessively, or very much

phổ

phổ — Common, widespread, or to spread widely

biến

biến — Common, widespread, or to change/transform

sợ

sợ — To fear, be afraid of something

sảy

sảy — To miscarry, have a miscarriage

Nhiều

Nhiều — Many, much, a large quantity of

ích

ích — Benefit, usefulness, or advantage

khác

khác — Other, different, or another one

kể

kể — To tell, mention, or enumerate items

Chẳng

Chẳng — Not at all, negation (stronger than không)

hạn

hạn — Limit, deadline; chẳng hạn means for example

việc

việc — Work, task, matter, or affair

bổ

bổ — To supplement, add nutrition, or nourishing

sung

sung — To add to or supplement a supply

nghìn

nghìn — Thousand, one thousand units

xác

xác — Corpse, body, or carcass of an animal

thịt

thịt — Meat, flesh of an animal for eating

vào

vào — Into, to enter, or to add into

lượng

lượng — Amount, quantity, or volume of something

muối

muối — Salt, or to salt/pickle food

xuất

xuất — To export, emit, or produce outward

khẩu

khẩu — Mouth, export (xuất khẩu), or entrance

chúng

chúng — They, them, or those (plural third person)

phát

phát — To develop, emit, or distribute

triển

triển — To develop, expand, or unfold progressively

cải

cải — To improve, reform, or a type of vegetable

thiện

thiện — To improve, good, or benevolent

nghệ

nghệ — Art, craft, skill, or turmeric spice

thuật

thuật — Art, technique, or method of doing something

xông

xông — To smoke, fumigate, or rush toward something

khói

khói — Smoke from fire or cooking process

ngon

ngon — Delicious, tasty, or good-tasting food

vốn

vốn — Capital, originally, or inherently by nature

rất

rất — Very, extremely, highly (intensifier adverb)

ưa

ưa — To like, prefer, or be fond of

chuộng

chuộng — To favor, prefer, or highly value something

do

do — Due to, because of, caused by

tiêu

tiêu — To consume, spend, or pepper spice

thụ

thụ — To receive, consume, or absorb passively

lớn

lớn — Large, big, or grown-up in size

heo

heo — Pig, pork (southern Vietnamese term)

thường

thường — Usually, often, or ordinary/common

xuyên

xuyên — Through, continuous, or to pierce through

trên

trên — On, above, or on top of

bàn

bàn — Table, desk, or to discuss a topic

ăn

ăn — To eat, consume food

thứ

thứ — Thing, rank, ordinal number marker

so

so — To compare, match against, or relative to

sánh

sánh — To compare or be on par with

về

về — About, concerning, or to return home

hương

hương — Fragrance, aroma, or flavor scent

vị

vị — Taste, flavor, or a title of respect

hoành

hoành — Grand, imposing, or horizontal (hoành tráng)

tráng

tráng — Grand, magnificent, impressive in scale

tuổi

tuổi — Age, years old of a person

béo

béo — Fat, fatty, or rich in flavor

tốt

tốt — Good, fine, excellent quality

khỏe

khỏe — Healthy, strong, or in good health

quay

quay — To roast, turn, spin, or rotate

nguyên

nguyên — Whole, original, intact, or entire

tạo

tạo — To create, make, or form something

món

món — Dish, course of food, or item

đáng

đáng — Worthy, deserving, or worth the effort

tại

tại — At, in, because of, located at

bữa

bữa — Meal, mealtime, or dining occasion

tiệc

tiệc — Feast, banquet, or party gathering

Thị

Thị — City, market, or female name component

trưởng

trưởng — Mayor, chief, leader, or head person

bất

bất — Any, every, or negation prefix

kỳ

kỳ — Any, strange, period, or term

buổi

buổi — Session, period of day, or occasion

chiêu

chiêu — To recruit, invite, or attract guests

đãi

đãi — To treat guests, entertain, or host generously

công

công — Public, labor, effort, or work

cộng

cộng — Community, public, or to add together

Nhưng

Nhưng — But, however, introducing a contrasting clause

điều

điều — Thing, matter, point being referred to

nhiều

nhiều — Many, much, numerous, or a lot

tôi

tôi — I, me (first person singular pronoun)

xin

xin — To ask, request, or please (polite)

bỏ

bỏ — To drop, skip, abandon, or leave out

qua

qua — Through, past, to pass over something

luôn

luôn — Always, continuously, or right away

cố

cố — To try hard, strive, or make effort

gắng

gắng — To endeavor, try one's best to do

giữ

giữ — To keep, hold, maintain, or preserve

ngắn

ngắn — Short, brief, not long in length

gọn

gọn — Neat, concise, tidy, or compact