A Modest Proposal: For preventing the children of poor people in Ireland, from being a burden on their parents or country, and for making them beneficial to the publick — Page 13

Vocabulary

Giả

Giả — 假; to suppose or assume something hypothetically

sử

sử — history; also used in 'giả sử' meaning suppose

rằng

rằng — that; conjunction introducing a clause or statement

một

một — one; the number one or indefinite article

nghìn

nghìn — thousand; the number one thousand

gia

gia — family; household; used in compound words

đình

đình — family; used with 'gia' to mean family/household

trong

trong — in; inside; within a place or time

thành

thành — city; to become; used in compound place names

phố

phố — street; urban area; part of 'thành phố' meaning city

này

này — this; demonstrative pronoun indicating nearby object

sẽ

sẽ — will; future tense marker in Vietnamese

là

là — to be; linking verb connecting subject and predicate

những

những — those; plural marker for nouns in Vietnamese

khách

khách — guest; customer; visitor to a place

hàng

hàng — goods; merchandise; used in 'khách hàng' meaning customer

thường

thường — often; usually; ordinary or regular

xuyên

xuyên — through; frequently; used in 'thường xuyên' meaning regularly

mua

mua — to buy; to purchase goods or services

thịt

thịt — meat; flesh of an animal for eating

trẻ

trẻ — young; child; youthful in age

sơ

sơ — initial; basic; used in 'sơ sinh' meaning newborn

sinh

sinh — to be born; birth; life

ngoài

ngoài — outside; besides; in addition to something

ra

ra — out; to go out; directional complement outward

còn

còn — still; also; remaining; furthermore

có

có — to have; there is/are; to exist

người

người — person; people; human being

khác

khác — other; different; another person or thing

thể

thể — can; able to; used in 'có thể' meaning possibly

dùng

dùng — to use; to utilize something for a purpose

nó

nó — it; he/she (informal); third person pronoun

các

các — the (plural); used before nouns to indicate plurality

buổi

buổi — session; period of time; a gathering or event

tiệc

tiệc — party; feast; celebratory gathering with food

vui

vui — happy; joyful; fun and enjoyable

đặc

đặc — special; thick; used in 'đặc biệt' meaning special

biệt

biệt — special; particular; used in 'đặc biệt' meaning especially

tại

tại — at; in; located at a specific place

đám

đám — crowd; group; used in 'đám cưới' meaning wedding

cưới

cưới — wedding; to marry; marriage ceremony

và

và — and; conjunction connecting words or phrases

lễ

lễ — ceremony; rite; ritual or formal celebration

rửa

rửa — to wash; to rinse; used in 'lễ rửa tội' baptism

tội

tội — sin; crime; guilt; used in 'rửa tội' meaning baptism

tôi

tôi — I; me; first person singular pronoun

tính

tính — to calculate; to count; to estimate a number

tiêu

tiêu — to consume; to spend; used in 'tiêu thụ' meaning consume

thụ

thụ — to receive; to consume; used in 'tiêu thụ' to consume

năm

năm — year; the number five; annually

khoảng

khoảng — approximately; about; an estimated quantity

hai

hai — two; the number two

mươi

mươi — tens; used in compound numbers like twenty, thirty

xác

xác — corpse; body; carcass of a dead creature

phần

phần — part; portion; section of a whole

lại

lại — again; remaining; back; the rest of something

của

của — of; belonging to; possessive particle

vương

vương — king; royal; used in 'vương quốc' meaning kingdom

quốc

quốc — country; nation; used in 'vương quốc' kingdom

nơi

nơi — place; location; where something occurs

mà

mà — where; that; relative pronoun or conjunction

lẽ

lẽ — reason; likely; used in 'có lẽ' meaning probably

chúng

chúng — they; them; plural third person pronoun

được

được — can; to be able to; passive voice marker

bán

bán — to sell; to offer goods for money

rẻ

rẻ — cheap; inexpensive; low in price

hơn

hơn — more; comparative particle indicating greater degree

chút

chút — a little; a bit; small amount of something

tám

tám — eight; the number eight

Tôi

Tôi — I; me; first person singular pronoun (sentence-initial)

không

không — not; no; negation particle in Vietnamese

nghĩ

nghĩ — to think; to believe; to consider something

bất

bất — any; not; used in 'bất kỳ' meaning any/whatever

kỳ

kỳ — any; strange; used in 'bất kỳ' meaning any

sự

sự — matter; affair; nominalizer for abstract nouns

phản

phản — against; anti; opposition; used in 'phản đối'

đối

đối — to oppose; against; used in 'phản đối' to object

nào

nào — any; which; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

đưa

đưa — to give; to put forward; to raise an argument

chống

chống — to oppose; against; to resist or object to

đề

đề — proposal; topic; used in 'đề xuất' meaning proposal

xuất

xuất — to put out; used in 'đề xuất' meaning to propose

trừ

trừ — except; unless; to subtract or exclude something

phi

phi — unless; non-; used in 'trừ phi' meaning unless

lập

lập — to establish; to set up; used in 'lập luận' argument

luận

luận — argument; to argue; discuss; 'lập luận' means argument

số

số — number; quantity; used in 'số lượng' meaning quantity

lượng

lượng — quantity; amount; used in 'số lượng' meaning quantity

dân

dân — population; people; citizens of a country

vì

vì — because; for; reason-giving conjunction

thế

thế — therefore; thus; so; as a result

bị

bị — passive marker indicating negative or unfavorable action

giảm

giảm — to decrease; to reduce; to go down in quantity

đi

đi — to go; directional complement indicating decrease or away

đáng

đáng — worthy; considerably; used in 'đáng kể' meaning significantly

kể

kể — to tell; notably; used in 'đáng kể' meaning considerable

Điều

Điều — thing; matter; fact; nominalizer for abstract statements

hoàn

hoàn — completely; fully; used in 'hoàn toàn' meaning entirely

toàn

toàn — entirely; all; used in 'hoàn toàn' meaning completely

thừa

thừa — to admit; surplus; used in 'thừa nhận' to acknowledge

nhận

nhận — to receive; to acknowledge; to recognize something

thực

thực — real; actual; true; used in 'thực tế' meaning reality

đó

đó — that; there; demonstrative pronoun for distant reference

mục

mục — goal; section; used in 'mục đích' meaning purpose

đích

đích — purpose; goal; target; used in 'mục đích' meaning aim

chính

chính — main; primary; chief; most important

khi

khi — when; at the time that something occurs

với

với — with; together with; accompanying someone or something

giới

giới — world; realm; boundary; used in compound nouns

mong

mong — to hope; to wish; to expect something eagerly

đọc

đọc — to read; to read aloud text or writing

hãy

hãy — please; imperative particle urging action

lưu

lưu — to note; to retain; used in 'lưu ý' meaning to note

ý

ý — meaning; idea; used in 'lưu ý' meaning take note

toán

toán — math; calculation; used in compound mathematical terms

biện

biện — measure; method; used in 'biện pháp' meaning measure

pháp

pháp — method; law; used in 'biện pháp' meaning measure/method

khắc

khắc — to overcome; to carve; used in 'khắc phục' to remedy

phục

phục — to restore; used in 'khắc phục' meaning to remedy/fix

mình

mình — oneself; myself; reflexive pronoun in Vietnamese

dành

dành — to reserve; to dedicate; to set aside for purpose

riêng

riêng — exclusively; separately; for a specific purpose only

cho

cho — for; to give; beneficiary preposition in Vietnamese

Vương

Vương — Royal; king; used as part of proper noun 'Kingdom'

đã

đã — already; past tense marker in Vietnamese

từng

từng — ever; once; used to indicate past experience

tồn

tồn — to exist; to remain; used in 'tồn tại' to exist

đang

đang — currently; present tense progressive marker

hoặc

hoặc — or; either; presenting alternatives

theo

theo — according to; to follow; based on something

trên

trên — on; above; on top of a surface

Trái

Trái — Earth; opposite; used in 'Trái Đất' meaning Earth

Đất

Đất — earth; land; soil; used in 'Trái Đất' meaning Earth