A Tale of Two Cities — Page 2

Vocabulary

유령조차도

yuryŏng jocha do — Even ghosts; even spirits are included.

그

geu — That; he/she/it (demonstrative or pronoun).

메시지를

mesijireul — Message (object marker); a communicated message.

두드려

dudeuryeo — Knock; tap or strike repeatedly on a surface.

전한

jeonhan — Conveyed; transmitted or delivered (a message).

지

ji — Since; a particle indicating elapsed time.

겨우

gyeou — Barely; only just; with great difficulty.

십이

sibi — Twelve; the number twelve.

년밖에

nyeonbakke — Only years; no more than a certain number of years.

되지

doeji — Become (negative form); does not amount to.

않았는데

anassneunde — Did not; conjunction indicating contrast with past negation.

바로

baro — Exactly; right; immediately; precisely so.

지난해의

jinanhaee — Of last year; belonging to the previous year.

영혼들도

yŏnghondŭldo — Souls too; spirits also included.

초자연적으로

chojayŏnjŏgŭro — Supernaturally; in a supernatural manner or way.

독창성이

dokchangsŏngi — Originality (subject marker); quality of being original.

결여된

gyŏryŏdoen — Lacking; devoid of; without a necessary quality.

채

chae — While still; in a state of; remaining as-is.

똑같이

ttokgachi — Equally; in the exact same way or manner.

자신들의

jasindŭrŭi — Their own; belonging to themselves (plural possessive).

전했다

jŏnhaessda — Conveyed; delivered or transmitted a message.

세속적인

sesokjŏgin — Secular; worldly; not religious or spiritual.

사건의

sakŏnŭi — Of an incident; pertaining to an event or case.

질서

jilsŏ — Order; systematic arrangement or organized structure.

안에서

anesŏ — Within; inside; in the interior of something.

전달된

jŏndaldoen — Delivered; having been transmitted or communicated.

평범한

pyŏngbŏmhan — Ordinary; plain; unremarkable or commonplace.

전갈들이

jŏngaldŭri — Messages (subject); communicated pieces of information.

최근

choegeun — Recently; lately; in the most recent period.

영국

Yŏngguk — England; the United Kingdom or Great Britain.

신민

sinmin — Subject; citizen under a monarch's rule.

의회로부터

ŭihoerobutŏ — From parliament; originating from a legislative assembly.

왕실과

wangsilgwa — Royal family and; the monarchy together with something.

국민에게

gungminege — To the people; directed at the nation's citizens.

전해졌는데

jŏnhaejyŏnnŭnde — Were conveyed; messages were delivered, but contrast follows.

이상하게도

isanghagedo — Strangely; oddly; in a surprising or peculiar way.

그것들은

gŭgŏtdŭrŭn — They (those things); referring to previously mentioned items.

집안의

jibanŭi — Of the household; domestic; within the family home.

어떤

ŏttŏn — Some; certain; a particular unspecified one.

병아리들을

pyŏngaridŭrŭl — Chicks (object); young chickens or hatchlings.

통해

tonghae — Through; by means of; via a channel or medium.

받은

badŭn — Received; having obtained or accepted something.

전달보다도

jŏndalbodado — Even more than a delivery; surpassing a communicated message.

인류에게

illyuege — To humanity; for all of humankind.

더

dŏ — More; to a greater degree or extent.

중요한

jungyohan — Important; significant; of great consequence.

것으로

gŏsŭro — As something; in the capacity or form of a thing.

판명되었다

panmyŏngdoeeossda — Was proven; turned out to be; became evident.

방패와

bangpaewa — Shield and; a protective device plus another item.

삼지창의

samjichang'ŭi — Of the trident; belonging to the three-pronged spear.

자매국보다

jamaegunboda — Compared to a sister nation; than a partner country.

전반적으로

jŏnbanjŏgŭro — Overall; generally; across the board.

영적인

yŏngjŏgin — Spiritual; relating to the spirit or soul.

문제에

munjee — On the matter of; regarding a problem or issue.

있어서

issŏsŏ — In; when it comes to; in the context of.

덜

dŏl — Less; to a smaller degree or extent.

혜택받은

hyetaengbadŭn — Benefited; having received favor or privilege.

지폐를

jipyerŭl — Paper money (object); banknotes or currency bills.

찍어내고

jjigŏnaego — Printing and; producing paper money in large quantities.

그것을

gŭgŏsŭl — It (object marker); referring to a previously mentioned thing.

소비하면서

sobihaminŏsŏ — While consuming; spending or using up simultaneously.

매우

maeu — Very; extremely; to a high degree.

순조롭게

sunjorobge — Smoothly; without obstacles; in a seamless manner.

내리막길을

naerimakgirŭl — Downhill path (object); a declining or descending road.

굴러

gullŏ — Rolling; moving by rotating along a surface.

내려가고

naeryŏgago — Going down; descending; moving to a lower level.

있었다

issŏssda — Was; existed; there was something at a time.

기독교

gidokgyo — Christianity; the Christian religion or faith.

목자들의

mokjadŭrŭi — Of the shepherds; belonging to religious pastors.

인도

indo — Guidance; leading or directing someone along a path.

아래

arae — Below; under; beneath in position or authority.

밖에도

bakkedo — Outside also; beyond; in addition to the exterior.

오십

osip — Fifty; the number fifty.

내지

naeji — To; or; ranging between two values or points.

육십

yuksip — Sixty; the number sixty.

야드

yadŭ — Yard; a unit of length equal to three feet.

거리에서

gŏriesŏ — At a distance; from a measured separation in space.

그의

gŭŭi — His; belonging to him (possessive pronoun).

시야를

siyarŭl — Field of vision (object); the range one can see.

지나간

jinagan — Passed; having moved past a point or place.

더러운

dŏroun — Dirty; filthy; morally or physically unclean.

수도사

sudosa — Monk; a male member of a religious monastery.

행렬에

haengnyŏre — In a procession; in a marching or ceremonial line.

경의를

gyŏngŭirŭl — Respect (object); homage or reverence shown to someone.

표하기

pyohagi — To show; to express or demonstrate respect or feeling.

위해

wihae — For the sake of; in order to achieve something.

빗속에서

bitsogŭsŏ — In the rain; within a rainstorm or rainy conditions.

무릎을

murŭpŭl — Knee (object); the joint midway along the leg.

꿇지

kkuŭlji — Kneel (negative form); did not kneel down.

않았다는

anassanŭn — That one did not; clause marking a past negation.

이유로

iyuro — For the reason that; on the grounds of a cause.

한

han — One; a; a single (numeral or article-like word).

청년에게

chŏngnyŏnege — To a young man; directed at a young adult male.

두

du — Two; both; the number two.

손을

sonŭl — Hands (object); the two upper limbs' extremities.

자르고

jarŭgo — Cut off and; sever and then do something else.

집게로

jipgero — With tongs or pincers; using a gripping tool.

혀를

hyŏrŭl — Tongue (object); the muscular organ in the mouth.

뽑고

ppopgo — Pull out and; extract and then continue with more.

산

san — Alive; living; in a living state (adjective).

채로

chaero — While still; remaining in a certain state.

화형에

hwahyŏnge — To burning at the stake; death by fire execution.

처하는

chŏhanŭn — Imposing; sentencing someone to a punishment.

형을

hyŏngŭl — Sentence (object); a legal punishment or penalty imposed.

선고하는

sŏngohanŭn — Pronouncing sentence; officially declaring a legal penalty.

것과

gŏtgwa — Thing and; along with a certain act or thing.

같은

gatŭn — Same; like; similar to something else.

인도적인

indojŏgin — Humanitarian; humane; relating to human welfare ironically.

업적으로

ŏpjŏgŭro — As an achievement; regarded as an accomplishment.

스스로를

sŭsŭrorŭl — Themselves (object); referring back to the subject itself.

즐겁게

jŭlgŏpge — Happily; joyfully; in an enjoyable or pleasant manner.

했다

haessda — Did; performed an action (simple past tense).

희생자가

hŭisaengjaga — Victim (subject); one who suffers or is sacrificed.

처형될

chŏhyŏngdoel — To be executed; about to receive capital punishment.

당시

dangsi — At that time; during that particular moment or period.

숲속에

supssoge — In the forest; deep within a wooded area.

뿌리를

ppurirŭl — Roots (object); the underground part of a plant.

내리고

naerigo — Putting down and; sending down roots and continuing.

자라고

jarago — Growing and; increasing in size and continuing further.

있던

ittŏn — That were; which existed at a past point in time.

나무들이

namudŭri — Trees (subject); wooden plants standing in a forest.

있었을

issŏssŭl — Would have been; likely existed at a past time.

것이

gŏsi — Thing (subject marker); a fact or matter being discussed.

충분히

chungbunhi — Sufficiently; enough; to an adequate degree.

짐작되는데

jimjakdoenŭnde — Can be surmised; guessed, but with a following contrast.

이미

imi — Already; by now; before the current time.

운명이라는

unmyŏngiranŭn — Called fate; referred to as destiny or inevitable fortune.

나무꾼에

namukkunŭe — To the woodcutter; referring to a person who chops wood.

의해

ŭihae — By means of; through the agency or action of.

베어져

beŏjyŏ — Having been cut down; felled by a blade or saw.

널빤지로

nŏlppanjiro — Into planks; cut into flat boards of wood.

켜지고

kyŏjigo — Sawn; split lengthwise into boards and continuing.

역사

yŏksa — History; the recorded past events of humanity.

속에서

sogŭsŏ — Within; inside; in the middle or depths of something.

공포스러운

gongposŭrŏun — Terrifying; dreadful; causing great fear or horror.

자루와

jaruwа — Bag and; a sack together with another item.

칼이

kari — Knife (subject); a bladed cutting instrument.

달린

tallin — Attached; having a blade or part fastened to it.

이동식

idongsik — Portable; mobile; designed to be moved easily.

틀을

tŭrŭl — Frame (object); a structural framework or device.

만드는

mandŭnŭn — Making; constructing; in the process of building something.

데

de — Purpose of; for the use or need of something.

쓰일

ssŭil — To be used; intended for a particular purpose.

표시되어

pyosidoeŏ — Marked; designated or labeled for a specific use.