A Tale of Two Cities — Page 2

Vocabulary

၏

i — Grammatical particle indicating possession or attribution

နတ်ဆိုး

nat hsoe — Evil spirit or malevolent supernatural being

ပင်လျှင်

pin hlyin — Even; indeed; emphasizing a point strongly

၎င်း

di-gin — It; that; referring to previously mentioned subject

သတင်းစကား

tha-din za-ga — News; message; spoken information or report

များ

mya — Plural marker; many; numerous things or people

ကို

ko — Object marker particle indicating direct object

တီးခေါက်

ti khout — To knock or tap rhythmically on a surface

ပြောကြား

pyaw kya — To speak; to tell; to inform someone formally

ပြီးနောက်

pyi nout — After; afterward; following a completed event

ဆယ်နှစ်

hsè hnit — Ten years; a decade of time

တာ

ta — Nominalizing particle; duration; distance marker

ခန့်

khân — Approximately; about; roughly estimated amount

သာ

tha — Only; just; limiting or emphasizing particle

ငြိမ်သက်

nyein thut — Calm; peaceful; quiet and undisturbed state

သွားခဲ့

thwa khè — Went; has gone away in the past

သည်

thì — Present tense verb marker; topic marker particle

ထို

htoe — That; those; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant

၌

hnait — At; in; locative particle indicating location

ပင်

pin — Indeed; even; emphatic particle reinforcing statement

မူရင်း

mu-yin — Original; source; the authentic or first version

ဉာဏ်

nyan — Intelligence; wisdom; mental faculty or understanding

အတွေးအား

a-twe a — With thought; through thinking or contemplation

ဖြင့်

hpyin — With; by means of; instrumental case marker

ဆင်းရဲ

hsin-yè — Poor; impoverished; living in poverty

ချို့တဲ့

cho-tè — Lacking; deficient; short of necessary resources

သော

thaw — Relative clause marker; which; that; who

နတ်ဝင်

nat win — Spirit possession; being entered by a spirit

စကားများ

za-ga mya — Words; speech; multiple spoken expressions

၎င်းတို့

di-gin-do — They; them; those previously mentioned people

ခဲ့

khè — Past tense auxiliary; did; completed action marker

သည့်

thì — Relative clause marker linking noun and verb

နည်းတူ

nè-du — Similarly; likewise; in the same manner

လောကီ

law-ki — Worldly; secular; pertaining to material existence

ဖြစ်ရပ်

hpyit-yat — Incident; event; something that has occurred

စနစ်

sa-nit — System; method; organized structure or arrangement

အတိုင်း

a-tine — According to; as per; in accordance with

ရိုးရိုး

yo-yo — Simple; ordinary; plain without complexity

အမေရိက

a-me-yi-ka — America; the United States of America

ရှိ

shi — To exist; to have; to be present

ဗြိတိသျှ

byi-ti-shi — British; relating to Britain or its people

သားများ

tha mya — Sons; children; male offspring or descendants

ညီလာခံ

nyi-la-khan — Assembly; congress; formal gathering of representatives

မှ

hma — From; since; ablative or source marker particle

ဆင်းသက်

hsin-thut — To descend; to originate from; come down from

လာ

la — To come; to arrive; directional verb particle

၍

yway — Therefore; and so; connective particle linking clauses

မကြာမီ

ma-kya-mi — Soon; before long; in a short time

အင်္ဂလိပ်

in-ga-leit — English; relating to England or English language

မင်း

min — King; ruler; also informal second-person pronoun

နှင့်

hnin — And; with; conjunction joining nouns or clauses

ပြည်သူ

pyi-thu — Citizens; the people; general public of a country

ထံ

htan — To; toward; dative particle indicating recipient

ရောက်ရှိ

yout-shi — To reach; to arrive at a destination

ထူးဆန်း

htu-hsan — Strange; unusual; remarkably odd or extraordinary

စွာ

zwa — Adverbial suffix indicating manner of doing something

သတင်း

tha-din — News; information; report about current events

မျိုးရိုး

myo-yo — Lineage; ancestry; family bloodline or heritage

ကြက်

kyet — Chicken; rooster; common domestic poultry bird

တစ်ကောင်

ta-kaun — One animal; a single creature or beast

ကောင်

kaun — Animal classifier; creature; individual living being

ဆက်သွယ်

hset-thwè — To contact; to communicate; to connect with someone

ရရှိ

ya-shi — To obtain; to receive; to acquire something

သမျှ

tha-hmyà — All; everything; whatever amount or number

ဆက်သွယ်ရေး

hset-thwè-ye — Communication; telecommunication; means of making contact

ထက်

htet — Than; more than; comparative marker particle

လူသား

lu-tha — Human being; mankind; member of human species

မျိုးနွယ်

myo-nwè — Race; ethnic group; kinship group or lineage

အတွက်

a-twet — For; for the sake of; on behalf of

ပို

po — More; additional; comparative degree intensifier

မို

mo — Isn't it; rhetorical question particle; emphasis marker

အရေးကြီး

a-ye-kyi — Important; significant; matters of great consequence

ဟု

hu — Quotative particle; saying that; it is said

သက်သေ

thet-thè — Evidence; proof; witness to a fact

ပြ

pya — To show; to demonstrate; to display something

ဒိုင်း

dine — Shield; a defensive object held in battle

ကိုင်ဆောင်

kain-hsaun — To carry; to hold; to bear something with you

နိုင်ငံ

nain-ngan — Country; nation; sovereign state or territory

မောင်မယ်

maun-mè — Young couple; boyfriend and girlfriend; sweetheart pair

စိတ်ဝိညာဉ်

seit-win-nyan — Spirit; soul; the spiritual essence of a being

ရေးရာ

ye-ya — Affairs; matters; issues related to a subject

ကိစ္စ

kei-sa — Matter; issue; affair requiring attention or action

ကံမကောင်း

kan ma-kaun — Unlucky; unfortunate; having bad luck or fate

ပြင်သစ်

pyin-thit — France; French; relating to the French nation

ကုန်းပေါ်

koun-baw — On land; overland; on the ground surface

အလွန်

a-lwan — Very; extremely; to a great degree

ချောမွေ့

chaw-mwè — Smooth; easy; going along without obstacles

လိမ့်ဆင်း

lein-hsin — To slide down; to roll or slip downward

ကာ

ka — While; as; continuative particle indicating ongoing action

ငွေစက္ကူ

ngwè-za-ku — Paper money; banknote; printed currency note

ထုတ်

htoat — To take out; to produce; to issue or publish

သုံးစွဲ

thone-zwè — To use; to spend; to consume or utilize

နေ

ne — To live; to stay; continuative aspect marker

ခရစ်ယာန်

khayit-yan — Christian; pertaining to Christianity or its followers

သာသနာပြု

tha-tha-na-pyu — Missionary; one who spreads religious teachings abroad

ဆရာ

hsa-ya — Teacher; master; respected professional or mentor

လမ်းညွှန်

lan-nwan — To guide; to direct; instruction or guidance

မှု

hmu — Nominalization suffix for actions; case; matter

အောက်

out — Below; under; beneath something in position

ထို့

htoe — That; such; demonstrative referring to previously mentioned

အပြင်

a-pyin — Outside; in addition to; beyond or external area

မိမိ

mi-mi — Oneself; one's own; reflexive personal pronoun

ကိုယ်

ko — Body; self; oneself; first-person pronoun

ဖျော်ဖြေ

hpyaw-hpye — To entertain; to amuse; to provide enjoyment

စေ

ze — To cause; to make someone do; causative marker

မှာ

hma — At; in; locative or dative particle

လူငယ်

lu-ngè — Young person; youth; adolescent or young adult

တစ်ဦး

ta-u — One person; a single individual

အား

a — Dative marker; to; toward; object marker particle

မျက်နှာပြင်

myet-hna-pyin — Surface; face; the outer layer of something

ငါးဆယ်

nga-hsè — Fifty; the number fifty

ခြောက်ဆယ်

chauk-hsè — Sixty; the number sixty

ကိုက်

kite — Yard (unit); to bite; to match or fit

ကွာဝေး

kwa-wè — Far apart; distant; separated by great distance

နေရာ

ne-ya — Place; location; position or spot somewhere

ဖြတ်သန်း

hpyat-than — To pass through; to traverse; to cross over

သွား

thwa — To go; to leave; directional verb particle

ညစ်ညမ်း

nyit-nyan — Dirty; obscene; morally impure or filthy

သံဃာ

than-ga — Buddhist monks; the monastic community or sangha

ခြေလှမ်း

chè-hlàn — Step; footstep; a single stride while walking

သပ်ပွဲ

thet-bwè — Strike; protest; work stoppage as demonstration

မိုးရေ

mo-ye — Rainwater; water from rain; precipitation

တွင်

twin — In; at; within; locative particle

ဒူးထောက်

du-htout — To kneel; to go down on one's knees

ကန်တော့

kan-taw — To pay respects; to bow reverently before someone

ဂုဏ်ပြု

gun-pyu — To honor; to show respect; to pay tribute

ခြင်း

chin — Nominalizing suffix converting verbs to nouns

မပြု

ma-pyu — Not do; to refuse or not perform an action

လက်

let — Hand; arm; hand as body part

ဖြတ်ထုတ်

hpyat-htoat — To cut off; to amputate; to sever completely

ခိုင်း

khine — To order; to command; to make someone do

လျှာ

hlya — Tongue; the organ of taste and speech

ညှပ်

hnyat — To clip; to clamp; to pinch or grip tightly

ဆုတ်ထုတ်

hsout-htoat — To pull out; to extract; to withdraw forcibly

အသက်ရှင်

a-thet-shin — To be alive; to survive; to live on

စဉ်

zin — While; during; throughout a period of time

မီးရှို့

mi-sho — To burn; to set on fire; to incinerate

ဒဏ်

dan — Punishment; penalty; fine imposed for wrongdoing

ပေး

pe — To give; to provide; to offer something

လူသားချစ်

lu-tha-chit — Love of humanity; philanthropic; humanitarian affection

ခြင်းတရား

chin-ta-ya — Principle; doctrine; the law of a matter

ဆို

hso — To say; to mean; quotative verb marker

နိုင်

nain — Can; able to; capable of doing something

ညှဉ်းဆဲ

hnyin-zè — To torture; to torment; to cruelly mistreat someone

ဒဏ်ခံ

dan-khan — To endure punishment; to bear a penalty

ရ

ya — To get; to obtain; potential or success marker

သူ

thu — He; she; that person; third-person pronoun

သေဒဏ်

thè-dan — Death penalty; capital punishment; sentence of death

ခံ

khan — To endure; to receive; to undergo something

အချိန်

a-chein — Time; period; a specific moment or duration

နော်ဝေ

naw-we — Norway; the Scandinavian country of Norway

တော

taw — Forest; jungle; wild natural woodland area

အမြစ်တွယ်

a-myit-twè — To take root; to become firmly established

ကြီးထွား

kyi-thwa — To grow; to develop; to increase in size

သစ်ပင်

thit-pin — Tree; woody plant; a large perennial plant

မည်

myi — Future tense marker; will; shall do something

အလားအလာ

a-la-a-la — Prospect; likelihood; potential future outcome

မကင်း

ma-kin — Not free from; cannot escape; inevitably associated with

ပေ

pe — Foot (unit of measurement); about 30 centimeters

သားသတ်သမား

tha-thet-tha-ma — Butcher; slaughterer; one who kills animals for meat

ကံကြမ္မာ

kan-kyam-ma — Fate; destiny; karma determining one's fortune

ကြိုတင်

kyo-tin — In advance; beforehand; prepared ahead of time

မှတ်သား

hmat-tha — To note; to memorize; to remember carefully

ပျဉ်ပြား

pyin-pya — Plank; flat board; a flat piece of wood

ဖြစ်လာ

hpyit-la — To become; to come about; to develop into

သမိုင်း

tha-maing — History; historical record; account of past events

ကြောက်မက်

kyout-met — Terrifying; frightening; inspiring great fear or dread

ဘွယ်

bwè — Worthy of; likely to; deserving a particular quality

ဖြစ်

hpyit — To be; to become; to occur or happen

အိတ်

eit — Bag; pocket; a container carried or worn

ဓား

da — Knife; sword; a bladed cutting implement

တစ်ချောင်း

ta-chaun — One long object; a single stick or blade

ပါရှိ

pa-shi — To include; to contain; to be present within

အထူး

a-htu — Special; particular; especially or specifically noted

ရွေ့လျား

ywè-hlya — To move; to shift position; to be in motion

ဘောင်ဖွဲ့

baun-hpwè — To form a framework; to set up a structure

ကိရိယာ

ka-yi-ya — Tool; instrument; device used for a purpose

တစ်ခု

ta-khu — One thing; a single item or object

ပြုလုပ်

pyu-loat — To do; to make; to carry out an action

ရန်

yan — In order to; for the purpose of; against