A Tale of Two Cities — Page 7

Vocabulary

เพราะ

phro — Because; used to give a reason or cause.

ข้า

kha — Archaic first-person pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'.

เป็น

pen — To be; indicates state, identity, or existence.

ปีศาจ

pi-saat — Demon or evil spirit; a supernatural wicked being.

ใน

nai — In; inside; preposition indicating location within something.

การ

gaan — Nominalizing prefix indicating an action or process.

ทำ

tham — To do; to make; to perform an action.

ผิดพลาด

phit-phlaat — To make a mistake; to err or blunder.

อย่าง

yaang — In a manner; like; used to describe how something is done.

รวดเร็ว

ruat-reo — Fast; swift; done with great speed.

และ

lae — And; conjunction joining words or clauses together.

เมื่อ

mueа — When; at the time that something occurred.

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for objects or animals.

จะ

ja — Future tense marker; will; indicates upcoming action.

อยู่

yuu — To be located; to stay; indicates ongoing state.

รูป

ruup — Form; shape; image or picture of something.

ของ

khaawng — Of; belonging to; possessive particle in Thai.

ลูก

luuk — Child; offspring; also a classifier for round objects.

ตะกั่ว

ta-gua — Lead; a heavy metallic element, used in bullets.

ฉะนั้น

cha-nan — Therefore; so; used to introduce a logical conclusion.

บัดนี้

bat-nii — Now; at this moment; a formal or literary term.

ให้

hai — To give; to let; causative or directive particle.

เรา

rao — We; us; first-person plural pronoun in Thai.

ดู

duu — To look; to watch; to observe something visually.

พวก

phuak — Group; bunch; collective pronoun for a set of people.

ท่าน

than — Respectful second or third-person pronoun; honorific 'you'.

ก่อน

goon — Before; first; prior to another event or action.

เงา

ngao — Shadow; silhouette; a dark shape cast by an object.

ม้า

maa — Horse; a large domesticated mammal used for riding.

ผู้ขี่

phuu-khii — Rider; one who rides a horse or vehicle.

ค่อยๆ

khoi-khoi — Gradually; slowly; doing something little by little.

ปรากฏ

pra-gòt — To appear; to become visible or manifest.

ผ่าน

phaan — To pass through; to go through or past something.

หมอก

mook — Fog; mist; thick atmospheric moisture reducing visibility.

ที่

thii — At; place; relative pronoun or location marker.

วนเวียน

won-wian — To circle around; to wander about repeatedly.

เข้า

khao — To enter; inward directional particle indicating entering.

มา

maa — To come; directional particle indicating movement toward speaker.

ข้าง

khaang — Side; beside; the area next to something.

รถ

rot — Vehicle; car; any wheeled transportation conveyance.

ไปรษณีย์

prai-sa-nii — Post; mail; relating to postal or mailing services.

ตรง

trong — Straight; direct; exactly at a specific point.

ผู้โดยสาร

phuu-dooi-saan — Passenger; a person traveling in a vehicle.

ยืน

yuuen — To stand; to be in an upright standing position.

โน้ม

noom — To lean or bend forward; to incline one's body.

ตัว

tua — Body; self; classifier for animals and certain objects.

ลง

long — To descend; downward directional particle indicating going down.

กรอก

grok — To pour into; to fill in a form or container.

ตา

taa — Eye; the organ of sight; also means maternal grandfather.

มอง

maawng — To look at; to gaze; to direct one's eyes toward.

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle indicating movement away from speaker.

ยาม

yaam — Guard; watchman; also refers to a time period.

แล้ว

laeo — Already; then; indicates completed action or sequence.

ส่ง

song — To send; to deliver; to pass something to someone.

กระดาษ

gra-daat — Paper; a thin sheet material used for writing.

พับ

phap — To fold; to bend paper or cloth over itself.

เล็กๆ

lek-lek — Small; tiny; very little in size or amount.

หอบ

haawp — To breathe heavily; to gasp; labored breathing.

แรง

raeng — Strong; hard; with great force or intensity.

ทั้ง

thang — Both; all; entirety of a set or group.

ต่าง

taang — Different; various; each respectively in a group.

เปื้อน

pueан — Stained; dirty; soiled with mud or other substance.

โคลน

khloon — Mud; wet earthy mixture of soil and water.

ตั้งแต่

tang-tae — Since; from a specific point in time onward.

กีบ

giip — Hoof; the hard foot covering of a horse.

จน

jon — Until; to the point of; poor (lacking money).

ถึง

thueng — Until; reaching; to arrive at a destination or state.

หมวก

muak — Hat; cap; a head covering worn outdoors.

ชาย

chaai — Man; male; an adult male person.

ผู้นั้น

phuu-nan — That person; referring to a specific individual mentioned earlier.

กล่าว

glaao — To say; to speak; a formal word for uttering speech.

ด้วย

duai — Also; with; too; an additive particle or preposition.

น้ำเสียง

nam-siang — Tone of voice; the quality or manner of speaking.

สงบ

sa-ngop — Calm; peaceful; quiet and undisturbed in manner.

มี

mii — To have; to possess; there is or there are.

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizing prefix forming abstract nouns from adjectives or verbs.

มั่นใจ

man-jai — Confident; certain; sure about something or oneself.

เรื่อง

rueang — Story; matter; topic; about a particular subject.

ธุรกิจ

thu-ra-git — Business; commercial activity or professional affairs.

ผู้

phuu — Person who; one who; nominalizing prefix for agent nouns.

ตื่นตัว

tuuen-tua — Alert; awake; vigilant and ready to respond quickly.

มือขวา

muu-khwaa — Right hand; the hand on the right side.

จับ

jap — To grab; to hold; to seize or catch something.

ด้าม

daam — Handle; grip; the part of a tool held by hand.

ยก

yok — To lift; to raise; to elevate something upward.

ขึ้น

khueen — Up; upward; directional particle indicating rising movement.

มือซ้าย

muu-saai — Left hand; the hand on the left side.

สายตา

saai-taa — Eyesight; gaze; one's line of vision or sight.

นัก

nak — Expert; intensifier meaning very or a skilled person.

ขี่

khii — To ride; to sit on and control a horse or bicycle.

ตอบ

toop — To answer; to reply to a question or statement.

สั้นๆ

san-san — Briefly; shortly; in a short and concise manner.

ว่า

waa — That; to say; complementizer introducing a reported speech.

ครับ

khrap — Polite particle used by males at end of sentence.

ไม่

mai — Not; no; negation particle preceding verbs or adjectives.

อะไร

a-rai — What; anything; an interrogative or indefinite pronoun.

น่า

naa — Worth; should; prefix expressing that something deserves a feeling.

กังวลใจ

gang-won-jai — Worried; anxious; having a troubled or concerned mind.

ข้าพเจ้า

khaa-pha-jao — Formal first-person pronoun; 'I' used in polite or official contexts.

คน

khon — Person; people; classifier for human beings.

ธนาคาร

tha-naa-khaan — Bank; a financial institution for saving and lending money.

ต้อง

tong — Must; have to; expresses necessity or obligation.

รู้จัก

ruu-jak — To know; to be acquainted with a person or place.

ลอนดอน

loon-don — London; the capital city of England and the UK.

แน่

nae — Certainly; for sure; expressing confidence or certainty.

กำลัง

gam-lang — Currently; in the process of; progressive action marker.

เดินทาง

doen-thaang — To travel; to go on a journey from one place.

ปารีส

paa-reet — Paris; the capital city of France.

เพื่อ

phuea — For; in order to; expressing purpose or intention.

นี่

nii — This; here; referring to something close to the speaker.

เหรียญ

rian — Coin; a metal disc used as currency or medal.

สำหรับ

sam-rap — For; intended for; used to indicate purpose or recipient.

ดื่ม

dueem — To drink; to consume a liquid beverage.

ขอ

khaw — To request; to ask for something politely.

อ่าน

aan — To read; to look at and understand written text.

สิ่ง

sing — Thing; object; an item or matter in general.

นี้

nii — This; a demonstrative pronoun referring to nearby thing.

ได้

dai — Can; able to; past tense marker or ability particle.

ไหม

mai — Question particle used at end of yes/no questions.

ถ้า

thaa — If; supposing that; introduces a conditional clause.

เร็ว

reo — Fast; quick; moving or acting with speed.

ก็

gaw — Then; also; a connective particle linking clauses logically.

เขา

khao — He; she; they; third-person pronoun for people.

เปิด

poet — To open; to turn on; to unfasten or start something.

แสง

saeng — Light; a beam or ray of illumination.

ตะเกียง

ta-giang — Lantern; an old-style portable lamp providing light.

รถม้า

rot-maa — Horse carriage; a wheeled vehicle pulled by horses.

ด้าน

daan — Side; aspect; face of an object or direction.

นั้น

nan — That; a demonstrative referring to something farther away.

อื่น

ueen — Other; another; different from the one already mentioned.

ใจ

jai — Heart; mind; the emotional or mental center of a person.

จึง

jueng — Therefore; so; consequently linking cause and effect.

ออกเสียง

ook-siang — To pronounce; to articulate or vocalize a word aloud.

คอย

khoi — To wait; to stay and expect someone or something.

ยาว

yaao — Long; lengthy; extended in distance or duration.

เลย

loei — At all; ever; an intensifier or definitive particle.

เห็น

hen — To see; to perceive visually; to notice something.

บอก

book — To tell; to inform; to communicate information to someone.

คำตอบ

kham-toop — Answer; reply; the response given to a question.

คือ

khue — Is; means; used to define or equate two things.

ถูก

thuuk — Correct; right; cheap; also passive voice marker.

เรียก

riak — To call; to summon; to refer to by a name.

คืน

khueen — Night; to return; to give back something previously taken.

สู่

suu — Toward; to; in the direction of something or someone.

ชีวิต

chii-wit — Life; existence; the state of being alive.

สะดุ้ง

sa-dung — To startle; to flinch; to jerk suddenly from surprise.

บน

bon — On; above; on top of a surface or object.

อาน

aan — Saddle; the seat placed on a horse for riding.

นั่น

nan — That; referring to something farther from the speaker.

แปลก

plaek — Strange; odd; unusual or different from the norm.

ประหลาด

pra-laat — Weird; peculiar; remarkably strange or surprising in nature.

ยิ่ง

ying — Even more; increasingly; intensifier indicating greater degree.

เช่นกัน

chen-gan — Likewise; as well; also the same in the same way.

เสียง

siang — Sound; voice; an audible noise made by something.

แหบ

haep — Hoarse; husky; a rough or raspy quality of voice.

ที่สุด

thii-sut — Most; the superlative marker indicating the highest degree.