A Tale of Two Cities — Page 13

Vocabulary

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.

หาก

haak — Conjunction meaning 'if' or 'should it be that'.

เมื่อ

mûea — Conjunction meaning 'when' referring to past time.

ข้าพเจ้า

khâa-phá-jâo — Formal first-person pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'.

จะ

jà — Future tense marker indicating intent or future action.

บอก

bòk — To tell or inform someone about something.

ท่าน

thân — Polite formal pronoun for 'you' or respected person.

ถึง

thǔeng — Preposition meaning 'about', 'to', or 'until'.

นาม

naam — Formal word for 'name' or noun in grammar.

ของ

khǎawng — Possessive particle meaning 'of' or 'belonging to'.

บิดา

bì-daa — Formal word for 'father'.

ผู้

phûu — Classifier prefix meaning 'person who' or 'one who'.

ยัง

yang — Adverb meaning 'still' or 'yet'; also 'to'.

มี

mii — Verb meaning 'to have' or 'there is/are'.

ชีวิต

chii-wít — Life; existence of a living being.

อยู่

yùu — To be present, live, or stay somewhere.

มารดา

maan-daa — Formal word for 'mother'.

ล่วงลับ

lûang-láp — Euphemism meaning 'passed away' or 'deceased'.

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle indicating away from speaker.

แล้ว

láaew — Adverb indicating completion; 'already' or 'then'.

ได้

dâi — Auxiliary verb indicating ability, permission, or past action.

ทราบ

sâap — Formal verb meaning 'to know' or 'to be informed'.

ว่า

wâa — Conjunction 'that'; introduces reported speech or clauses.

จำ

jam — To remember or memorize something.

ต้อง

tâwng — Modal verb meaning 'must' or 'have to'.

คุกเข่า

khúk-khào — To kneel down on one or both knees.

ต่อ

tàw — Preposition meaning 'towards', 'against', or 'per'.

อัน

an — General classifier for objects; also 'which' or 'that'.

เป็น

pen — To be; linking verb indicating state or identity.

ที่

thîi — Place; relative pronoun 'that/which'; location marker.

เคารพ

khao-róp — To respect or show reverence toward someone.

อ้อนวอน

âwn-wawn — To plead, beg, or implore someone earnestly.

ขอ

khǎaw — To request, ask for, or beg something politely.

การ

kaan — Nominalizing prefix indicating an action or process.

อภัย

à-phai — Forgiveness; pardon granted to someone for wrongdoing.

จาก

jàak — Preposition meaning 'from' indicating origin or separation.

เพราะ

phráw — Conjunction meaning 'because'; introduces a reason.

ไม่

mâi — Negation particle meaning 'not' or 'no'.

เคย

khoei — Auxiliary indicating past experience; 'ever' or 'used to'.

เพื่อ

phûea — Conjunction meaning 'in order to' or 'for the sake of'.

เห็น

hěn — To see or visually perceive something.

แก่

kàe — Preposition 'to/for'; also adjective meaning 'old'.

พยายาม

phá-yaa-yaam — To try, attempt, or make an effort.

ดิ้นรน

dîn-ron — To struggle or strive desperately to survive.

ตลอด

tà-làwt — Throughout; all along a period of time.

ทั้ง

tháng — All, both, entire; inclusive of the whole.

วัน

wan — Day; a 24-hour period of time.

นอน

nawn — To lie down or sleep.

ตื่น

tùen — To wake up or be awake and alert.

ระทม

rá-thom — To feel deep sorrow or anguish internally.

ร้องไห้

ráwng-hâi — To cry or weep with tears.

คืน

khuuen — Night; also means 'to return' something.

ความ

khwaam — Abstract nominalizing prefix for states or concepts.

รัก

rák — To love; affection felt toward someone deeply.

น่า

nâa — Prefix meaning 'worthy of' or 'deserving' a feeling.

สงสาร

sǒng-sǎan — To pity or feel compassion for someone's suffering.

ปิดบัง

pìt-bang — To hide, conceal, or cover up something.

ทุกข์ทรมาน

thúk-thó-rá-maan — To suffer greatly from pain or hardship.

ไว้

wái — Particle indicating keeping, storing, or doing in advance.

จง

jong — Imperative particle meaning 'let' or 'shall'; a command.

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing; an object or abstract entity.

นั้น

nán — Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'that' or 'those'.

เถิด

thòet — Particle used in commands encouraging an action.

ด้วย

dûay — Also, too, as well; with; by means of.

สุภาพบุรุษ

sù-phâap-bù-rùt — Gentleman; a polite and well-mannered man.

ใจดี

jai-dii — Kind-hearted; having a good and generous nature.

ขอบคุณ

khàwp-khun — Thank you; expression of gratitude toward someone.

พระเจ้า

phrá-jâo — God; a divine supreme being or deity.

รู้สึก

rúu-sùek — To feel or sense an emotion or sensation.

น้ำตา

náam-taa — Tears; liquid produced by eyes when crying.

ศักดิ์สิทธิ์

sàk-sìt — Sacred, holy, or divinely powerful.

บน

bon — Preposition meaning 'on' or 'above' a surface.

ใบหน้า

bai-nâa — Face; the front part of the head.

เสียง

sǐang — Sound, voice, or noise produced by something.

สะอื้น

sà-ùen — To sob; cry with convulsive catching of breath.

กระทบ

krà-thóp — To impact, affect, or touch something emotionally.

กับ

kàp — With; together with; and (between nouns).

หัวใจ

hǔa-jai — Heart; the emotional or physical center of the body.

โอ้

ôo — Interjection expressing surprise, sorrow, or admiration.

ดู

duu — To look at or watch something.

แทน

thaen — Instead of; to replace or substitute something.

พวกเรา

phûak-rao — We or us; first person plural pronoun.

พังทลาย

phang-thá-laai — To collapse, crumble, or fall apart completely.

ลง

long — Directional particle meaning downward or to decrease.

ใน

nai — Preposition meaning 'in' or 'inside' something.

อ้อมแขน

âwm-khǎen — Arms embracing; the encircling embrace of someone's arms.

นาง

naang — She/her; a formal female pronoun or title.

ก้ม

kôm — To bow or bend one's head downward.

อก

òk — Chest or breast; the front of the torso.

ภาพ

phâap — Image, picture, or visual scene.

ช่าง

châang — How (exclamatory); also craftsman or skilled worker.

สะเทือนใจ

sà-thùean-jai — Moving or emotionally touching in a profound way.

ยิ่ง

yîng — Even more; increasingly; to a greater degree.

นัก

nák — Very; extremely; intensifier after adjectives or verbs.

แสน

sǎen — Extremely; one hundred thousand; intensifier of degree.

สยดสยอง

sà-yòt-sà-yawng — Horrifying, dreadful, causing intense fear or disgust.

อยุติธรรม

à-yút-tì-tham — Unjust, unfair; lacking justice or fairness.

อย่าง

yàang — Way, manner, type; adverbial modifier meaning 'very'.

ใหญ่หลวง

yài-lǔang — Tremendously great; of enormous magnitude or importance.

ผ่าน

phàan — To pass through or go by something.

มา

maa — To come; directional particle indicating toward speaker.

ก่อน

kàwn — Before; prior to a time or event.

หน้า

nâa — Front; next; face; page depending on context.

จน

jon — Until; up to the point of; also 'poor'.

กระทั่ง

krà-thâng — Until; even; up to a certain point or extent.

มอง

mawng — To look at or gaze at something.

สอง

sǎawng — Two; the number 2.

เอา

ao — To take or get; causative verb marker.

มือ

muue — Hand; the part of the arm below the wrist.

ปิด

pìt — To close or shut something.

ตน

ton — Oneself; reflexive pronoun referring to the subject.

เอง

eeng — Self; oneself; emphasizes doing something by oneself.

เงียบสงบ

ngîap-sà-ngòp — Quiet and peaceful; calm and undisturbed.

ห้อง

hâwng — Room; an enclosed space within a building.

ใต้หลังคา

tâi-lǎng-khaa — Under the roof; inside a sheltered dwelling space.

คง

khong — Probably, likely; to remain stable or unchanged.

นาน

naan — Long time; for an extended duration.

โดย

dooi — By; by means of; through an agent or method.

ถูก

thùuk — Correct; cheap; passive marker indicating being acted upon.

รบกวน

róp-kuan — To disturb, bother, or interrupt someone.

ขึ้น

khûen — Directional particle meaning upward or to increase.

ร่าง

râang — Body; frame; draft of a document.

สั่น

sân — To shake, tremble, or vibrate.

สะท้าน

sà-thâan — To shudder or tremble from shock or emotion.

สงบ

sà-ngòp — Calm, peaceful, tranquil, or still.

สู่

sùu — Toward; in the direction of something or someone.

ตาม

taam — To follow; according to; along with.

หลัง

lǎng — After; back; rear; the back of the body.

พายุ

phaa-yú — Storm; violent weather with strong wind and rain.

ทุก

thúk — Every; all; each one without exception.

ลูก

lûuk — Child; offspring; also classifier for round objects.

ซึ่ง

sûeng — Relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'that'.

สัญลักษณ์

sǎn-yá-lák — Symbol; a sign representing an idea or concept.

มนุษยชาติ

má-nút-yá-châat — Humanity; all human beings as a collective.

พักผ่อน

phák-phàwn — To rest or relax from activity or tiredness.

เงียบ

ngîap — Quiet, silent; absence of noise.

เรียก

rîak — To call, name, or summon someone or something.

ที่สุด

thîi-sùt — Most; superlative marker meaning 'the most' extreme.

พวกเขา

phûak-khǎo — They or them; third person plural pronoun.

จึง

jueng — Therefore; then; as a result of that.

ก้าว

kâao — To step; a stride or step forward.

ออก

àwk — To go out; exit; away from inside.

ยก

yók — To lift, raise, or pick something up.

บุตรสาว

bùt-sǎao — Daughter; a female child of one's own.

พื้น

phúuen — Floor, ground, or surface of a space.

ค่อยๆ

khâwy-khâwy — Slowly and gently; little by little.

ล้ม

lóm — To fall down or collapse to the ground.

นั่น

nân — That; demonstrative pronoun pointing to something nearby.

สภาพ

sà-phâap — Condition, state, or situation of something.

เซื่องซึม

sûeang-suem — Lethargic, listless, sluggish; lacking energy or vitality.

อ่อนเพลีย

àwn-phlia — Exhausted, weak, and weary from exertion or illness.

หมดแรง

mòt-raeng — Completely out of strength or energy; drained.

ชิด

chít — Close together; near; pressed up against something.

ให้

hâi — To give; causative marker; for the purpose of.

ศีรษะ

sǐi-sà — Head; the uppermost part of the human body.

วาง

waang — To place or put something down somewhere.

แขน

khǎen — Arm; the upper limb of the human body.

ผม

phǒm — Hair on the head; also male first-person pronoun.

ห้อย

hâwy — To hang or dangle loosely downward.

ปก

pòk — To cover over; also cover of a book.

คลุม

khlum — To cover or drape over something completely.

กั้น

kân — To partition, block, or separate with a barrier.

แสงสว่าง

sǎeng-sà-wàang — Light; brightness illuminating a space or area.