A Tale of Two Cities — Page 3

Vocabulary

ว่า

wâa — Conjunction meaning 'that'; used to introduce clauses

รายการ

raai-gaan — List, program, or item in a schedule

เหล่านี้

lào-níi — These; referring to a group of things or people

ไม่

mâi — No, not; general negation particle

อาจ

àat — May, might; expressing possibility or uncertainty

พิสูจน์

phí-sùut — To prove, verify, or demonstrate the truth of something

ได้

dâai — Can, able to; also marks past tense or achievement

เป็น

bpen — To be; links subject to predicate or state

ลายมือ

laai-muu — Handwriting; the style of someone's written script

ของ

khɔ̌ɔng — Of, belonging to; possessive particle

นักโทษ

nák-thôot — Prisoner, convict; a person serving a sentence

แต่

tɛ̀ɛ — But, however; conjunction indicating contrast

นั่น

nân — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant

ก็

gɔ̂ɔ — Also, then, well; filler particle linking ideas

ต่างกัน

tàang-gan — Different from each other; mutually distinct

และ

lɛ́ — And; conjunction joining words or clauses

ที่จริง

thîi-jing — Actually, in truth; used to clarify or correct

แล้ว

lɛ́ɛo — Already, then; indicates completed action or sequence

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for things or animals

กลับ

glàp — To return; or conversely, turning the situation around

ประโยชน์

prà-yòot — Benefit, usefulness, advantage gained from something

แก่

gɛ̀ɛ — To, for; preposition indicating recipient or beneficiary

ฝ่าย

fàai — Side, party, faction in a group or conflict

โจทก์

jòot — Plaintiff, prosecutor; party bringing a legal charge

มากกว่า

mâak-gwàa — More than; comparative degree of quantity or degree

ด้วยซ้ำ

dûuai-sám — Even, in fact; emphasizes something unexpected or ironic

เพราะ

phráw — Because; conjunction giving the reason for something

แสดง

sà-dɛɛng — To show, display, or perform for an audience

ให้

hâi — To give; or causative marker meaning 'let' or 'make'

เห็น

hěn — To see, to notice or observe something visually

มี

mii — To have, to exist; indicates possession or existence

ความ

khwaam — Abstract noun prefix; converts adjectives into nouns

ฉลาด

chà-làat — Clever, smart, intelligent; quick in understanding

แยบยล

yɛ̂ɛp-yon — Cunning, subtle, shrewdly clever in a crafty way

ใน

nai — In, inside, within; preposition of location

การ

gaan — Noun prefix for actions or processes; act of doing

ระมัดระวัง

rá-màt-rá-wang — To be careful, cautious, taking care to avoid mistakes

ตัว

tuua — Body, self; classifier for animals, letters, and figures

หลักฐาน

làk-thǎan — Evidence, proof; facts supporting a claim or case

จะ

jà — Will, going to; future tense or intention marker

ย้อน

yóon — To trace back, revert, or go in reverse direction

ไป

bpai — To go; directional particle indicating movement away

ถึง

thǔng — To reach, arrive at; up to a point in time

ห้า

hâa — Five; the number 5

ปี

bpii — Year; a unit of time equal to twelve months

ส่วนร่วม

sùuan-rûuam — Participation, involvement, taking part in something

ภารกิจ

phaa-rá-gìt — Mission, task, duty assigned to someone

อัน

an — Classifier for small objects; also 'which' or 'that'

พิษ

phít — Poison, venom; toxic substance harmful to living things

ภัย

phai — Danger, threat, hazard; a source of harm or peril

อยู่

yùu — To live, stay, be located; continuous aspect marker

ภายใน

phaai-nai — Within, inside; referring to a time or space limit

เวลา

wee-laa — Time; a specific moment or duration of time

กี่

gìi — How many; question word asking about quantity

สัปดาห์

sàp-daa — Week; a period of seven consecutive days

ก่อน

gɔ̀ɔn — Before, prior to; earlier in time or sequence

วัน

wan — Day; a 24-hour period or a specific date

ที่

thîi — That, which; relative pronoun or place marker

การรบ

gaan-róp — Battle, warfare; the act of fighting in combat

ครั้งแรก

khráng-rɛ̂ɛk — First time; the initial occurrence of an event

ระหว่าง

rá-wàang — Between, among, during; in the middle of something

กองทัพ

gɔɔng-tháp — Army, military force; organized troops for warfare

อังกฤษ

ang-grìt — England/Britain; also refers to the English language

ชาว

chaao — People of, native of; prefix denoting nationality or group

อเมริกัน

à-mee-rí-gan — American; relating to the United States of America

ปะทุ

bpà-thu — To erupt, burst out; sudden violent outbreak or explosion

ขึ้น

khûen — Up, to rise; directional particle indicating upward movement

ด้วย

dûuai — With, also, by means of; used to add or join ideas

เหตุผล

hèet-phon — Reason, rationale; logical explanation for something

คณะลูกขุน

khá-ná-lûuk-khun — Jury; group of citizens deciding a court verdict

ซึ่ง

sûeng — Which, that; relative pronoun connecting clauses

จงรักภักดี

jong-rák-phák-dii — Loyal, faithful, devoted; expressing deep allegiance

ดัง

dang — Like, as; conjunction meaning 'as' or 'just as'

เขา

khǎo — He, she, they; third-person pronoun for people

รู้ดี

rúu-dii — To know well; to be fully aware of something

เช่นนั้น

chên-nán — Like that, in that manner; referring to a stated situation

รับผิดชอบ

ráp-phìt-chɔ̂ɔp — To be responsible, accountable for one's actions

พวกเขา

phûuak-khǎo — They, them; third-person plural pronoun for people

เอง

eeng — Oneself, by oneself; emphasizes personal agency or identity

ต้อง

tɔ̂ɔng — Must, have to; expresses obligation or necessity

ตัดสิน

tàt-sǐn — To judge, decide, or render a verdict on something

ความผิด

khwaam-phìt — Guilt, fault, offense; a wrongdoing or criminal act

อย่าง

yàang — In a way, manner; adverbial marker indicating how

แน่นอน

nɛ̂ɛ-nɔɔn — Certain, definite, of course; expressing confidence

ทำให้

tham-hâi — To cause, make something happen; causative expression

สิ้นสุด

sîn-sùt — To end, finish, terminate; reaching a final conclusion

ลง

long — Down, to decrease; directional particle indicating downward

ไม่ว่า

mâi-wâa — No matter, regardless of; used before conditional clauses

พอใจ

phɔɔ-jai — Satisfied, content, pleased with a result or situation

หรือ

rǔu — Or; conjunction offering an alternative choice

ก็ตาม

gɔ̂ɔ-taam — Anyway, nonetheless, whichever; concessive particle

วาง

waang — To place, put down, set something on a surface

ศีรษะ

sǐi-rà-sà — Head; the uppermost part of the human body

บน

bon — On, on top of; preposition indicating surface position

หมอน

mɔ̌ɔn — Pillow; a cushion used to support the head in sleep

เลย

loei — At all, ever, so; intensifier or discourse particle

ยอมรับ

yɔɔm-ráp — To accept, acknowledge, admit; to recognize something willingly

ความคิด

khwaam-khít — Thought, idea, opinion; mental concept or notion

ภรรยา

phan-rá-yaa — Wife; a female spouse in a marriage

ทน

thon — To endure, tolerate, bear hardship or discomfort

ต่อ

tɔ̀ɔ — Against, toward, per; preposition of direction or rate

ลูกๆ

lûuk-lûuk — Children; one's sons and daughters collectively

กล่าว

glàao — To say, state, declare; formal word for speaking

โดย

dooi — By, through, via; preposition indicating means or agent

สรุป

sà-rùp — To summarize, conclude; condensing main points briefly

คือ

khuue — Is, means, namely; equating or defining something explicitly

ใดๆ

dai-dai — Any, whatsoever; refers to any item without restriction

อีก

ìik — More, again, another; indicates additional quantity or repetition

ต่อไป

tɔ̀ɔ-bpai — Continue, from now on; going forward in time

สำหรับ

sǎm-ràp — For, intended for; indicates purpose or intended recipient

คน

khon — Person, people; classifier for human beings

เว้นแต่

wén-tɛ̀ɛ — Unless, except; introduces an exception to a statement

ถูก

thùuk — To be done to; passive marker or 'correct/cheap'

ตัด

tàt — To cut, sever; removing by cutting or eliminating

ออก

ɔ̀ɔk — Out, outward; directional particle indicating movement out

เสีย

sǐia — Away, gone, ruined; particle indicating loss or completion

นั้น

nán — That; demonstrative adjective referring to something mentioned

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing, object, matter; refers to an abstract or concrete item

ท่าน

thân — You (formal/respectful); honorific second or third person

อัยการ

ai-yá-gaan — Prosecutor, public attorney; official who leads criminal prosecution

สูงสุด

sǔung-sùt — Highest, supreme, maximum; the utmost level or rank

ปิดท้าย

bpìt-tháai — To close, conclude, finish off; final remarks or action

เรียกร้อง

rîiak-rɔ́ɔng — To demand, call for, claim; assertively requesting something

จาก

jàak — From, away from; indicates origin or separation

นาม

naam — Name; also refers to nouns in Thai grammar

ทุก

thúk — Every, all, each; refers to all members of a group

นึก

nûek — To think, recall, imagine; internal mental reflection

ขึ้นมา

khûen-maa — To come up, arise; movement or idea emerging upward

ความหมาย

khwaam-mǎai — Meaning, significance; the sense conveyed by words

เด็ดขาด

dèt-khàat — Absolute, decisive, strictly; without exception or compromise

พื้นฐาน

phúun-thǎan — Foundation, basis, fundamental; essential underlying principle

แห่ง

hɛ̀ng — Of, at; classifier for places or formal locations

คำ

kham — Word; a unit of language or speech

ยืนยัน

yuuen-yan — To confirm, affirm, assert; restate with conviction

ศักดิ์สิทธิ์

sàk-sìt — Sacred, holy, inviolable; having divine or revered authority

ถือว่า

thǔue-wâa — To consider, regard as; treating something in a certain way

ผู้นี้

phûu-níi — This person; referring specifically to someone just mentioned

ตาย

taai — To die, dead; cessation of life

เรียบร้อย

rîiap-rɔ́ɔi — Neat, orderly, done properly; tidy and well-arranged