A Tale of Two Cities — Page 11

Vocabulary

อาจ

aat — might, may; expressing possibility or uncertainty

เป็น

pen — to be; indicates state or condition

ไป

bpai — to go; move away from current location

ได้

dai — can, able to; also marks past or successful action

แต่

dtae — but, however; introduces a contrasting clause

จริงๆ

jing jing — really, truly; emphasizes sincerity or truth

แล้ว

laeo — already, then; indicates completed action or sequence

ฉัน

chan — I, me; first-person pronoun used by women

ไม่

mai — no, not; general negation particle

ทราบ

saap — to know, be aware of something (formal)

แม้ว่า

mae waa — even though, although; concessive conjunction

พวกเขา

phuak khao — they, them; third-person plural pronoun

จะ

ja — will, going to; future tense marker

ยืน

yuen — to stand; be in an upright position

กระซิบ

kra-sip — to whisper; speak very quietly to someone

กัน

gan — together, each other; reciprocal or collective particle

อยู่

yuu — to be located; stay or live somewhere

ใกล้ๆ

glai glai — nearby, close by; in the immediate vicinity

มาก

maak — very, much, a lot; intensifier or large quantity

เพราะ

phro — because; introduces reason or cause

ที่

thii — at, which, that; place marker or relative pronoun

บน

bon — on, above, on top of something

สุด

sut — most, extreme, end; superlative marker

ของ

khong — of, belonging to; possessive particle

บันได

ban-dai — stairs, staircase, ladder; steps between floors

ห้องโดยสาร

hong doi saan — cabin, compartment; enclosed passenger space on transport

เพื่อ

phuea — in order to, for the purpose of something

รับ

rap — to receive, accept; get something given or sent

แสง

saeng — light, ray; illumination from a source

จาก

jaak — from; indicates origin or source

ตะเกียง

ta-gieng — lantern, oil lamp; portable light-giving device

แขวน

khwaen — to hang, suspend; attach something from above

นั่น

nan — that, that one; refers to something at a distance

มัน

man — it; third-person pronoun for things or animals

มืด

muet — dark; absence of light in a place

หม่น

mon — dim, gloomy, dull; lacking brightness or cheerfulness

และ

lae — and; conjunction connecting words or clauses

พูด

phut — to speak, talk; express something verbally

เบา

bao — soft, light, quiet; low in volume or weight

จึง

jueng — therefore, so then; shows result or consequence

ได้ยิน

dai yin — to hear; perceive sound with the ears

ว่า

waa — that; introduces reported speech or a clause

อะไร

a-rai — what; interrogative pronoun asking for identification

เห็น

hen — to see; perceive visually with the eyes

เพียง

phiang — only, just, merely; limiting to a small degree

กำลัง

gam-lang — currently, in the process of; present progressive marker

มอง

mong — to look at, gaze; direct eyes toward something

ดู

duu — to look, watch, view; observe something visually

เอกสาร

ek-ga-saan — document, paperwork; official written or printed material

บัดนี้

bat-nii — now, at this moment (formal); current point in time

ขอ

kho — to request, ask for; politely seek something

ให้

hai — to give, to let; also causative or benefactive particle

ถึง

thueng — to reach, arrive at; also means until or to

การ

gaan — action, process; nominalizing prefix for verbs

สนทนา

son-tha-naa — to converse, have a conversation; exchange of dialogue

นักโทษ

nak-thot — prisoner, convict; person imprisoned for a crime

ด้วย

duay — also, too, with; additional or accompanying particle

คุณ

khun — you; polite second-person pronoun

มา

maa — to come; move toward the speaker

เปิดเผย

poet-phoei — to reveal, disclose; make something known openly

ความ

khwaam — abstract noun prefix; nominalizes adjectives and verbs

ไว้วางใจ

wai-waang-jai — to trust, rely on; have confidence in someone

เขา

khao — he, she, him, her; third-person singular pronoun

กับ

gap — with, and; together with someone or something

อย่าง

yaang — in a manner, like, a type; adverbial marker

ตรง

trong — straight, direct, exact; straightforward or precisely located

ซึ่ง

sueng — which, that; relative pronoun linking clauses

เกิดขึ้น

goet khuен — to happen, occur, arise; take place unexpectedly

สถานการณ์

sa-thaan-ga-raan — situation, circumstance; current state of affairs

ไร้

rai — without, lacking, devoid of something entirely

ทาง

thaang — way, path, direction; route or means of doing

ช่วย

chuay — to help, assist; give aid to someone

ตัวเอง

tua-eng — oneself, myself, yourself; reflexive pronoun

เช่นเดียวกับ

chen diao gap — same as, just like; expressing similarity or equivalence

เมตตา

met-taa — compassion, loving kindness; benevolent goodwill toward others

ดีงาม

dii-ngaam — virtuous, good and beautiful; morally upright and admirable

มี

mii — to have, there is/are; indicates existence or possession

ประโยชน์

pra-yoot — benefit, usefulness, advantage; value gained from something

ต่อ

dtor — toward, against, per; continuation or directed at

บิดา

bi-daa — father; male parent (formal or literary term)

หวัง

wang — to hope, wish for; desire a positive outcome

ร้องไห้

rong-hai — to cry, weep; shed tears from emotion

ตอบแทน

dtop-thaen — to repay, reciprocate; give back in return

ทำร้าย

tham-raai — to harm, hurt; cause injury or damage to someone

ใน

nai — in, inside, within; preposition of location

วัน

wan — day; a 24-hour period of time

นี้

nii — this; demonstrative pronoun for nearby things

เสียง

siang — sound, voice, noise; audible vibration perceived by ears

แมลงวัน

ma-laeng-wan — housefly; common flying insect often found near food

หัว

hua — head; top part of the body or an object

เขียว

khiao — green; color of plants and nature

หาก

haak — if, in case; conditional conjunction

เข้าใจ

khao-jai — to understand, comprehend; grasp the meaning of something

ถ่องแท้

thong-thae — thoroughly, clearly, profoundly; with deep understanding

ให้การ

hai gaan — to testify, give testimony; provide a statement officially

หน้าที่

naa-thii — duty, responsibility, role; obligation one must fulfill

ต้อง

dtong — must, have to; expresses obligation or necessity

จำเป็น

jam-pen — necessary, essential; required and cannot be avoided

หลีกเลี่ยง

liik-liang — to avoid, evade; deliberately stay away from something

ลังเล

lang-le — to hesitate, waver; be uncertain or indecisive

ใจ

jai — heart, mind; center of emotion and intention

ยิ่ง

ying — even more, increasingly; comparative intensifier

ก็

go — also, then, well; discourse and connective particle

ผู้เดียว

phuu-diao — the only one, sole person; single individual exclusively

สภาวะ

sa-phaa-wa — condition, state, status; current situation or circumstance

เช่น

chen — such as, for example; introduces an illustration

นั้น

nan — that, those; refers to something previously mentioned

กรุณา

ga-ru-naa — please; polite request particle or word

ดำเนิน

dam-noen — to proceed, carry out, conduct; continue an activity

บอก

bok — to tell, inform; communicate information to someone

เดินทาง

doen-thaang — to travel, journey; move from one place to another

ธุรกิจ

thu-ra-git — business, commerce; commercial activity or enterprise

ลักษณะ

lak-sa-na — characteristic, nature, appearance; defining quality or feature

ละเอียดอ่อน

la-iat-on — delicate, sensitive, subtle; requiring careful gentle handling

ยากลำบาก

yaak-lam-baak — difficult, hardship; involving struggle and great effort

ทำให้

tham-hai — to cause, make; bring about a result or condition

ผู้คน

phuu-khon — people, persons; a group of human beings

เดือดร้อน

dueat-ron — troubled, distressed; experiencing hardship or serious problems

ดังนั้น

dang-nan — therefore, thus, so; indicates logical conclusion

โดย

doi — by, via, through; indicates means or agent

ใช้

chai — to use, utilize; employ something for a purpose

ชื่อ

chue — name; word used to identify a person or thing

ปลอม

plom — fake, false, forged; not genuine or authentic

กล่าว

glaao — to say, state, mention (formal); express verbally

พา

phaa — to take, lead, bring along; escort someone somewhere

ฝรั่งเศส

fa-rang-set — France; European country known for culture and cuisine

ภายใน

phaai-nai — within, inside, internal; contained inside a boundary

เวลา

we-laa — time; a measured period or point in time

กี่

gii — how many, how much; asks about quantity

ไปๆ มาๆ

bpai bpai maa maa — back and forth; moving repeatedly between two places

ระหว่าง

ra-waang — between, during, among; in the middle of two things

อังกฤษ

ang-grit — England, English; referring to the UK or its language

ระยะๆ

ra-ya ra-ya — at intervals, periodically; occurring at spaced out times

นาน

naan — long time; extended duration of time

อนาคต

a-naa-khot — future; time that has not yet come

อเมริกา

a-me-ri-kaa — America; referring to the United States of America

หรือ

rue — or; presents an alternative option

เปล่า

plao — no, empty; used to negate or ask a yes/no question

รายละเอียด

raai-la-iat — details, specifics; particular pieces of information