A Tale of Two Cities — Page 18

Vocabulary

บางสิ่ง

bang sing — something; an unspecified thing or matter

ที่

thi — that; which; a relative pronoun or place marker

ดู

du — to look at; to watch; to observe

ประมาท

pra-mat — careless; negligent; to underestimate someone

เป็น

pen — to be; to exist as something

พิเศษ

phi-set — special; extraordinary; exceptional in some way

ใน

nai — in; inside; within a place or time

กิริยา

ki-ri-ya — manner; behavior; conduct or bearing of a person

ท่าทาง

tha-thang — appearance; demeanor; the way someone carries themselves

ของ

khong — of; belonging to; possessive particle

เขา

khao — he; she; they; third-person pronoun

ไม่

mai — not; negation particle used before verbs

เพียง

phiang — only; merely; just a small amount

แต่

tae — but; however; only; a contrastive conjunction

ทำให้

tham hai — to cause; to make something happen

เสื่อมเสีย

sueam sia — to damage reputation; to deteriorate morally or in status

เท่านั้น

thao nan — only; that is all; nothing more than that

ยัง

yang — still; also; yet; additionally

ลดทอน

lot thon — to reduce; to diminish; to lessen something

ความ

khwam — nominalizing prefix indicating abstract quality or state

คล้ายคลึง

khlai khlueng — resemblance; similarity; looking alike in some way

อัน

an — classifier for items; which; a relative pronoun

เด่นชัด

den chat — obvious; prominent; clearly noticeable or distinct

มี

mi — to have; to possess; there is or are

กับ

kap — with; and; together with someone or something

นักโทษ

nak thot — prisoner; convict; a person serving a sentence

อย่าง

yang — type; manner; kind; in a certain way

ต้อง

tong — must; have to; it is necessary to do

สงสัย

song sai — to suspect; to doubt; to be curious about something

ซึ่ง

sueng — which; that; a relative pronoun connector

จริงจัง

ching chang — serious; earnest; treating something with full seriousness

ชั่วครู่

chua khru — briefly; for a moment; a short period of time

ขณะ

kha-na — moment; while; at the time that something occurs

ทั้งสอง

thang song — both; the two together; referring to two people or things

ถูก

thuk — passive marker; to be correct; inexpensive

นำ

nam — to lead; to bring; to take someone somewhere

มา

ma — to come; directional particle toward speaker

เปรียบเทียบ

priap thiap — to compare; to draw a comparison between things

กัน

kan — each other; together; reciprocal action particle

ได้

dai — can; able to; to get; past tense marker

ยิ่ง

ying — even more; increasingly; the more... the more

เห็น

hen — to see; to notice; to perceive visually

ชัดขึ้น

chat khuen — clearer; becoming more obvious or distinct

จน

jon — until; to the point that; poor (adj.)

ผู้

phu — person who; one who; prefix indicating a person

มองดู

mong du — to look at; to watch; to observe carefully

อยู่

yu — to stay; to live; continuous action marker

หลาย

lai — many; several; multiple people or things

คน

khon — person; people; classifier for humans

เมื่อ

mueа — when; at the time that something happened

สังเกต

sang-ket — to observe; to notice details carefully

นั้น

nan — that; those; a demonstrative pronoun or adjective

ต่าง

tang — different; various; each one separately

พูด

phut — to speak; to talk; to say something

ว่า

wa — that; to say; complementizer introducing reported speech

พวกเขา

phuak khao — they; them; a group of people

แทบ

thaep — almost; nearly; barely; on the verge of

จะ

cha — will; going to; future tense marker

คิด

khit — to think; to consider; to believe something

คล้าย

khlai — similar; resembling; looking or seeming alike

มาก

mak — very; much; a lot; to a great degree

ขนาด

kha-nat — size; to the extent that; so much that

แสดง

sa-daeng — to show; to express; to perform or demonstrate

ความเห็น

khwam hen — opinion; view; one's expressed perspective on something

ต่อ

to — to; toward; against; per; directed at someone

เพื่อนบ้าน

phuean ban — neighbor; someone who lives nearby

นั่ง

nang — to sit; to be seated somewhere

ถัดไป

that pai — next to; adjacent; the following one

แล้ว

laeo — already; then; after that; completion marker

เสริม

soem — to add; to supplement; to enhance something said

ฉัน

chan — I; me; first-person pronoun (informal female)

พนัน

pha-nan — to bet; to gamble; a wager on an outcome

ครึ่ง

khrueng — half; halfway; fifty percent of something

เลย

loei — at all; ever; so; beyond; emphasis particle

เจ้า

chao — you (informal); lord; owner; second-person pronoun

นั่น

nan — that (one); referring to something previously mentioned

ได้รับ

dai rap — to receive; to obtain; to be given something

งาน

ngan — work; job; task; an event or function

กฎหมาย

kot-mai — law; legal system; a rule enforced by authority

ให้

hai — to give; to let; causative particle

ทำ

tham — to do; to make; to perform an action

แน่

nae — sure; certain; definitely; expressing confidence

เหมือน

muean — like; similar to; the same as something else

ประเภท

pra-phet — type; category; classification of something

แบบ

baep — style; pattern; type; a kind or form

ใช่

chai — yes; correct; that's right; affirmative answer

มั้ย

mai — question particle; right?; informal yes/no marker

ล่ะ

la — particle adding emphasis or seeking confirmation

กระนั้น

kra-nan — even so; nevertheless; despite that situation

ผู้นี้

phu ni — this person; this one; referring to someone nearby

กลับ

klap — to return; to go back; on the contrary

รับรู้

rap ru — to perceive; to acknowledge; to be aware of something

รายละเอียด

rai-la-iat — details; specifics; fine points of something

เหตุการณ์

het-kan — event; incident; something that has occurred

กว่า

kwa — more than; over; comparative marker

สนใจ

son jai — to be interested in; to pay attention to

เพราะ

phro — because; since; due to a reason

ศีรษะ

si-sa — head; the top part of a person's body

พิง

phing — to lean against; to rest on something for support

ลง

long — down; to go down; directional particle downward

บน

bon — on; above; on top of something

อก

ok — chest; breast; the front of the torso

บิดา

bi-da — father; a formal word for one's male parent

แรก

raek — first; initial; the beginning instance of something

มองเห็น

mong hen — to see; to be able to visually perceive something

และ

lae — and; as well as; a coordinating conjunction

ร้อง

rong — to cry out; to call; to shout or sing

ขึ้น

khuen — up; to rise; directional particle upward

ดัง

dang — loud; loudly; to sound or ring out

เจ้าหน้าที่

chao na thi — official; officer; a person with an official duty

ดูแล

du lae — to take care of; to look after someone

คุณหนู

khun nu — young lady; miss; polite address for a young woman

ด้วย

duay — also; too; with; by means of something

ช่วย

chuay — to help; to assist; to aid someone

สุภาพบุรุษ

su-phap bu-rut — gentleman; a polite and well-mannered man

ท่าน

than — you (formal/respectful); a respectful second-person pronoun

พา

pha — to take someone along; to lead or escort

เธอ

thoe — she; her; you (informal female pronoun)

ออกไป

ok pai — to go out; to leave; to exit a place

หรือ

rue — or; whether; question particle for alternatives

ล้ม

lom — to fall down; to collapse; to faint

เวทนา

wet-tha-na — compassion; pity; deep sympathy for suffering

สงสาร

song san — to feel sorry for; to pity; compassion for someone

เห็นอกเห็นใจ

hen ok hen jai — to empathize; to feel sympathy and understanding for someone

ประจักษ์ชัด

pra-chak chat — evidently clear; obviously apparent to everyone present

มัน

man — it; that thing; third-person pronoun for objects

ทุกข์ทรมาน

thuk-tho-ra-man — to suffer greatly; intense pain or anguish

สำหรับ

sam-rap — for; intended for; meant for a person or purpose

ระลึก

ra-luek — to recall; to remember; to bring to mind

ถึง

thueng — to reach; until; about; concerning something

วัน

wan — day; a period of twenty-four hours

เวลา

we-la — time; the moment or period when something occurs

แห่ง

haeng — of; classifier for places; belonging to a location

การ

kan — nominalizing prefix indicating an action or process

จองจำ

chong cham — imprisonment; confinement; being locked up in captivity

ปั่นป่วน

pan puan — disturbed; turbulent; in a state of agitation

ภายใน

phai nai — within; inside; internally; in the interior of

รุนแรง

run raeng — severe; intense; violent; extreme in degree

ซักถาม

sak tham — to interrogate; to question closely; to cross-examine

สีหน้า

si na — facial expression; the look on someone's face

ครุ่นคิด

khrun khit — to brood; to ponder deeply; to think with worry

หม่นหมอง

mon mong — gloomy; sorrowful; clouded with sadness or worry

แก่

kae — to; for; old; directed toward a person

ปกคลุม

pok khlum — to cover; to envelop; to spread over something

ดุจดัง

dut dang — like; as if; resembling in the manner of

เมฆ

mek — cloud; a mass of water vapor in the sky

หนา

na — thick; dense; not thin in measurement or texture

ทึบ

thuep — opaque; dense; not allowing light to pass through

ตั้งแต่

tang tae — since; from a certain point in time onward

เดิน

doen — to walk; to go on foot somewhere

คณะ

kha-na — group; panel; committee; a body of people

ลูกขุน

luk khun — juror; jury member; a person on a jury

หัน

han — to turn; to face a different direction

หยุด

yut — to stop; to pause; to cease an action

ผ่าน

phan — to pass; to go through; to pass by something

ทาง

thang — way; path; direction; route to a destination

หัวหน้า

hua na — leader; head; chief of a group or organization

ตกลง

tok long — to agree; to decide; to come to an agreement

ต้องการ

tong kan — to want; to need; to require something

ถอนตัว

thon tua — to withdraw; to pull out; to remove oneself

ปรึกษาหารือ

pruek-sa ha-rue — to consult; to deliberate together; to discuss for advice