A Tale of Two Cities — Page 3

Vocabulary

สิบ

sip — The number ten in Thai counting system.

โมง

moong — Unit for telling clock time in Thai.

แล้ว

laew — Already; indicates completed action or past event.

ครับ

khrap — Polite particle used by male speakers.

ท่าน

than — Respectful pronoun meaning you or honorable person.

อะไร

a-rai — Question word meaning what or anything.

นะ

na — Softening particle seeking agreement or attention.

กลางคืน

klaang khuen — Nighttime; the period after sunset until dawn.

เลย

loei — Intensifier meaning at all, so, or therefore.

หรือ

rue — Conjunction or question particle meaning or, whether.

ใช่

chai — Yes; affirmative response confirming something is correct.

สั่ง

sang — To order, command, or instruct someone to act.

ให้

hai — To give; causative marker meaning let or for.

ผม

phom — First-person pronoun I used by male speakers.

มา

maa — To come; directional verb toward the speaker.

ปลุก

pluk — To wake someone up from sleep.

เอง

eeng — Oneself; emphasizes doing something by yourself.

โอ้

oh — Exclamation expressing surprise or realization.

จำ

jam — To remember or memorize something.

ได้

dai — Can; able to; or indicates past tense completion.

ก็ได้

gor dai — That's fine; acceptable or agreeable response.

หลังจาก

lang jaak — After; following a particular event or time.

พยายาม

pha-yaa-yaam — To try hard; make an effort to do something.

หลับ

lap — To sleep; be in a state of sleep.

ต่อ

tor — To continue; connect; per unit of measurement.

อีก

eek — More; again; another; additionally.

สักครู่

sak khru — A moment; wait a short while please.

อย่าง

yaang — Kind, type, manner, or way of something.

เซื่องซึม

sueang suem — Sluggish, lethargic, lacking energy or alertness.

ซึ่ง

sueng — Relative pronoun meaning which, that, or who.

คน

khon — Person; human being; classifier for people.

รับใช้

rap chai — To serve someone; act as a servant or attendant.

คอย

khoi — To wait for or keep watch expecting something.

ขัดขวาง

khat khwaang — To obstruct, block, or hinder someone's actions.

ชาญฉลาด

chaan cha-laat — Clever, intelligent, and skillfully wise person.

ด้วย

duay — Also, too, with, or by means of something.

การ

kaan — Nominalizing prefix indicating an action or process.

ไฟ

fai — Fire; flame; also refers to electricity or light.

ต่อเนื่อง

tor nueng — Continuous, ongoing, without interruption or break.

นาน

naan — Long time; for a lengthy duration.

ถึง

thueng — To reach, arrive at, or until a point.

ห้า

haa — The number five in Thai.

นาที

naa-thi — Minute; unit of time equal to sixty seconds.

เขา

khao — He, she, or they; third-person pronoun.

ก็

gor — Then, also; connective particle linking clauses together.

ลุกขึ้น

luk khuen — To get up; rise from a sitting or lying position.

สวม

suam — To put on or wear clothing or accessories.

หมวก

muak — Hat or cap worn on the head.

เดิน

doen — To walk on foot from place to place.

ออก

ok — To exit, go out, or come out from somewhere.

ไป

pai — To go; directional verb away from speaker.

เข้า

khao — To enter; go into a place or space.

สู่

su — Toward; in the direction of a destination.

บริเวณ

bo-ri-ween — Area, zone, or surrounding premises of a place.

และ

lae — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses together.

ที่

thi — At, which, that; place or relative pronoun marker.

ชื่นชม

chuen chom — To admire, appreciate, or enjoy something positively.

ตัวเอง

tua eeng — Oneself; refers to doing something by yourself.

กลับไปกลับมา

klap pai klap maa — Back and forth; moving repeatedly in two directions.

สอง

soong — The number two in Thai.

รอบ

rop — Round, lap, or time around a circuit.

บน

bon — On top of; above a surface or location.

ทางเดิน

thaang doen — Walkway, path, or corridor for walking through.

ของ

khoong — Of; belonging to; possessive particle in Thai.

ยัง

yang — Still; yet; continuing a previous state or action.

ห้องชุด

hong chut — Suite or set of rooms used together as one.

เสมียน

sa-mian — Clerk or office worker handling documents and records.

ผู้ซึ่ง

phu sueng — Who; relative pronoun referring to a person.

ไม่เคย

mai khoei — Never; have never done something before.

เข้าร่วม

khao ruam — To join, participate, or attend an event.

การประชุม

kaan pra-chum — Meeting or conference gathering of people.

เหล่านี้

lao ni — These; referring to multiple things or people nearby.

กลับบ้าน

klap baan — To return home; go back to one's house.

เป็น

pen — To be; indicates state, identity, or existence.

ผู้

phu — Person who; prefix indicating a person performing action.

เปิด

poet — To open; turn on a device or door.

ประตู

pra-tu — Door or gate providing entry or exit.

รับ

rap — To receive, accept, or answer something given.

รองเท้าแตะ

roong thao tae — Sandals or slippers worn on the feet casually.

ชุดคลุมนอน

chut khlum non — Dressing gown or robe worn over nightclothes.

หลวมๆ

luam luam — Loosely fitting; not tight around the body.

คอ

kho — Neck; the part connecting head to body.

ทิ้ง

thing — To abandon, drop, or leave something behind carelessly.

ไว้

wai — To keep, leave in place, or set aside something.

เพื่อ

phuea — For the purpose of; in order to achieve something.

ความ

khwaam — Abstract noun prefix indicating a quality or state.

สบาย

sa-baai — Comfortable, at ease, or feeling well physically.

มี

mi — To have; there is or there are something.

อัน

an — Classifier for small or general objects; one item.

ดุร้าย

du raai — Fierce, ferocious, or aggressively wild in manner.

เคร่งเครียด

khreeng khriat — Tense, stressed, or intensely serious in expression.

ดวงตา

duang taa — Eyes; the organs used for seeing and vision.

อาจ

aat — Might, may, or possibly could happen or be true.

พบ

phop — To find, meet, or encounter someone or something.

ใน

nai — In, inside, or within a place or container.

พวก

phuak — Group of people; they or those people collectively.

ทุก

thuk — Every, all, each one without exception.

ชนชั้น

chon chan — Social class or rank within society's hierarchy.

นับตั้งแต่

nap tang tae — Since; counting from a particular time until now.

ภาพเหมือน

phaap muean — Portrait; a painting or image resembling a person.

เป็นต้นมา

pen ton maa — Onwards from; since that time continuing to present.

สามารถ

saa-maat — To be able to; capable of doing something.

ติดตาม

tit taam — To follow, track, or keep up with someone.

ร่องรอย

roong roi — Trace, track, or evidence left behind by someone.

ภายใต้

phaai tai — Under, beneath, or within certain conditions or limits.

ปลอมแปลง

plom plaeng — To disguise, forge, or falsify something deceptively.

ต่างๆ

taang taang — Various, different kinds or types of things.

ศิลปะ

sin-la-pa — Art; creative expression through skill and imagination.

ผ่าน

phaan — To pass through or by; via a route.

ยุคสมัย

yuk sa-mai — Era, age, or period of historical time.

แห่ง

haeng — Of, at; classifier for places and institutions.

คุณ

khun — You; polite second-person pronoun for addressing others.

สาย

saai — Late; past the expected or scheduled time.

หน่อย

noi — A little; slightly; softens requests or statements.

กล่าว

klaao — To state, say, or mention something formally.

ประมาณ

pra-maan — Approximately, about, or an estimated quantity.

เวลา

we-laa — Time; a period or point in time.

เดิม

doem — Original, former, or as it was before.

ช้า

chaa — Slow; not fast in movement or action.

สัก

sak — About, some, approximately; indefinite small quantity.

สิบห้า

sip haa — Fifteen; the number fifteen in Thai.

พวกเขา

phuak khao — They, them; third-person plural pronoun group.

ห้อง

hong — Room; an enclosed space within a building.

เรียงราย

riang raai — Lined up or arranged in a row or series.

หนังสือ

nang-sue — Book; written or printed publication for reading.

กอง

koong — Pile, heap, or stack of things piled up.

เอกสาร

ek-ka-saan — Document, official paper, or written record.

กองไฟ

koong fai — Bonfire or pile of burning fire and flames.

อยู่

yu — To be at; to live or stay somewhere.

กาน้ำ

kaa naam — Kettle or teapot used for boiling water.

เตา

tao — Stove, furnace, or cooking fire apparatus.

ท่ามกลาง

thaam klaang — Amid, in the middle of a surrounding situation.

กระจัดกระจาย

kra-jat kra-jaai — Scattered, spread out, or dispersed in disorder.

นั้น

nan — That; referring to something previously mentioned or distant.

โต๊ะ

to — Table or desk used for working or eating.

โล่ง

loong — Clear, open, unobstructed, or spacious area.

โผล่

phlo — To emerge, appear suddenly, or pop out.

พ้น

phon — Past, beyond, or out from a boundary or obstacle.

เต็มไปด้วย

tem pai duay — Full of; completely filled with something.

ไวน์

wai — Wine; alcoholic drink made from fermented grapes.

น้ำตาล

naam taan — Sugar; sweet crystalline substance used in cooking.

มะนาว

ma-naao — Lime or lemon; small sour citrus fruit.