A Tale of Two Cities — Page 17

Vocabulary

แต่

tàe — But; however; used to contrast two ideas.

เขา

khǎo — He, she, or they; third-person pronoun.

ไม่

mâi — Not; negation word used before verbs/adjectives.

ได้

dâi — Can, able to; or past tense marker.

เอ่ย

àoei — To utter or mention something aloud.

ถึง

thǔeng — To reach, arrive at; or until, about.

การ

gaan — Nominalizing prefix indicating an action or process.

ค้นพบ

khón phóp — To discover or find something previously unknown.

ที่

thîi — At, which, that; place or relative clause marker.

ได้รับ

dâi ráp — To receive or obtain something from someone.

บอก

bòok — To tell or inform someone of something.

เล่า

lâo — To narrate or recount a story or event.

นั้น

nán — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant.

แม้แต่

máe tàe — Even; emphasizes inclusion of the least expected thing.

คำ

kham — Word; a unit of spoken or written language.

เดียว

diao — Single, only one; used to indicate singularity.

และ

láe — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses.

ขณะ

khànà — While, moment; indicates a point or period in time.

พวกเขา

phûak khǎo — They, them; third-person plural pronoun.

เดิน

dooen — To walk; move on foot from place to place.

เข้า

khâo — To enter or go into a place.

ไป

pai — To go; move away from the current location.

ใน

nai — In, inside, within; preposition of location.

บ้าน

bâan — House or home; a place where one lives.

สายตา

sǎai taa — Eyesight or gaze; the direction one looks.

เฉียบแหลม

chìap làem — Sharp, keen, or astute; describing a perceptive mind.

ของ

khǒong — Of, belonging to; possessive particle in Thai.

นาย

naai — Mr.; title for a man or one's employer.

ก็

gôo — Also, then, so; discourse particle linking clauses.

จับ

jàp — To catch, grab, or arrest someone or something.

หรือ

rǔue — Or; conjunction offering an alternative option.

คิด

khít — To think or consider something mentally.

ว่า

wâa — That; complementizer introducing reported speech or thought.

บน

bon — On, above, upon; preposition indicating upper surface.

ใบหน้า

bai nâa — Face; the front part of the head.

หัน

hǎn — To turn toward or face a direction.

ทาง

thaang — Way, path, direction; route from one place to another.

ซึ่ง

sûeng — Which, that; relative pronoun linking clauses.

เป็น

pen — To be; linking verb indicating identity or state.

แวว

waaeo — Glint or gleam; a flash of expression in the eyes.

ตา

taa — Eye; the organ used for seeing.

ประหลาด

pràlàat — Strange, odd, or unusual; something unexpected or peculiar.

อย่าง

yàang — Like, manner, kind; indicates how something is done.

กับ

gàp — With; preposition indicating accompaniment or connection.

ปรากฏ

praa-gòt — To appear or become visible or evident.

เมื่อ

mûuea — When; conjunction referring to a past or relative time.

ครั้ง

khráng — Time, instance; a counter for occurrences or events.

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for things or animals.

มา

maa — To come; move toward the speaker's location.

ทางเดิน

thaang dooen — Corridor or passageway; a path for walking indoors.

ศาล

sǎan — Court; a place where legal trials are conducted.

อย่างไร

yàang rai — How, in what way; asking about manner or method.

ก็ตาม

gôo taam — Nevertheless, however; concessive phrase meaning regardless.

ฟื้นตัว

fúuen tua — To recover or regain one's composure or health.

เร็ว

reo — Fast, quick; moving or happening with great speed.

มาก

mâak — Very, much, a lot; intensifier of degree or quantity.

จน

jon — Until, to the point that; shows result or extent.

เกิด

gòoet — To occur, happen, or be born; come into existence.

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizing prefix turning adjectives into abstract nouns.

สงสัย

sǒng sǎi — To doubt or be suspicious; feel uncertain about something.

ตนเอง

ton eeng — Oneself; reflexive pronoun referring back to the subject.

แขน

khǎen — Arm; the upper limb of the human body.

ยักษ์

yák — Giant or enormous; relating to a mythical giant creature.

ทองคำ

thoong kham — Gold; a precious yellow metal of high value.

ห้องโถง

hông thǒong — Hall or lobby; a large open indoor entrance space.

มั่นคง

mân khong — Stable, firm, secure; not easily moved or shaken.

กว่า

gwàa — More than, comparatively; used in comparative constructions.

เลย

looei — At all, ever; intensifier or result marker in sentences.

หยุด

yùt — To stop or halt movement or an action.

อยู่

yùu — To stay, be located; indicates ongoing state or position.

ใต้

tâi — Under, below, beneath; preposition of lower position.

เพื่อ

phûuea — In order to, for the purpose of; expresses intention.

ยัง

yang — Still, yet; indicates continuation of a state or action.

อาจ

àat — Might, may; expresses possibility or uncertainty.

รับมือ

ráp muue — To handle or cope with a situation or challenge.

ประหลาดใจ

pràlàat jai — To be surprised or astonished by something unexpected.

เล็กๆ

lék lék — Small, tiny; reduplication emphasizing diminutive size.

น้อยๆ

nóoi nóoi — Little, very few; reduplication emphasizing small amount.

หาก

hàak — If, in case; formal conditional conjunction in Thai.

จะ

jà — Will, going to; future tense marker before verbs.

ทำได้

tham dâi — To be able to do; capable of accomplishing something.

สักวัน

sàk wan — Someday, one day; refers to an unspecified future day.

เสียง

sǐang — Sound or voice; auditory sensation perceived by ears.

ฝน

fǒn — Rain; water falling from clouds in the sky.

ทำให้

tham hâi — To cause or make something happen; causative construction.

ตกใจ

tòk jai — To be startled or frightened suddenly by something.

เวลา

weelaa — Time; a period or moment when something occurs.

ชา

chaa — Tea; a popular hot beverage made from leaves.

แล้ว

láaeo — Already, then; indicates completion of an action.

มิส

mít — Miss; an honorific title for an unmarried woman.

กำลัง

gamlang — Currently doing; progressive aspect marker before verbs.

ชง

chong — To brew or prepare a hot drink like tea.

โดย

dooi — By, through; indicates means or agent of action.

มี

mii — To have, there is/are; indicates existence or possession.

อาการ

aakaan — Symptom, condition; physical state or medical sign.

กระตุก

gràtùk — To jerk, twitch; a sudden sharp involuntary movement.

อีก

ìik — Again, more, another; indicates repetition or addition.

ผู้คน

phûu khon — People, persons; a general reference to human beings.

หลาย

lǎai — Many, several; indicates a large but unspecified number.

ร้อย

róoi — Hundred; the number 100 used in counting.

คน

khon — Person, people; classifier and noun for human beings.

เอื่อยเฉื่อย

ùuei chùuei — Sluggish, languid, listless; moving or acting without energy.

เพียง

phiang — Only, merely, just; limits to a small amount.

สอง

sǒong — Two; the cardinal number 2.

เท่านั้น

thâo nán — Only, that's all; emphasizes limitation to just that.

คืน

khuuen — Night; the dark period between sunset and sunrise.

ร้อน

rón — Hot; having a high temperature or intense heat.

อบอ้าว

òp âao — Stuffy, sweltering; uncomfortably hot and humid indoors.

แม้

máe — Even though, although; concessive conjunction for contrast.

นั่ง

nâng — To sit; taking a seated position somewhere.

เปิด

pòoet — To open or turn on something; allow access or light.

ประตู

pràtuu — Door; an entrance or exit barrier in a building.

หน้าต่าง

nâa tàang — Window; an opening in a wall allowing light in.

ไว้

wái — To keep, to place; indicates a maintained or set state.

ถูก

thùuk — To be subjected to; passive marker in Thai grammar.

ครอบงำ

khrôop ngam — To dominate or overwhelm; exert strong control over someone.

ดี

dii — Good, well; positive quality or satisfactory condition.

เสร็จสิ้น

sèt sîn — To finish, complete, or conclude an activity entirely.

จาก

jàak — From; indicates origin, source, or point of departure.

โต๊ะ

tó — Table; a flat-surfaced piece of furniture for use.

ทุก

thúk — Every, all; refers to each member of a group.

บาน

baan — Panel; classifier for doors, windows, or similar flat things.

หนึ่ง

nùeng — One; the cardinal number 1 or the article 'a'.

มอง

moong — To look at or gaze toward something or someone.

ออก

òok — Out, to go out; direction away from inside a space.

สู่

sùu — Toward, to; directional preposition indicating movement toward.

ยาม

yaam — Time, hour, period; often refers to a specific moment.

สนธยา

sòntháyaa — Dusk, twilight; the dim period just after sunset.

หนัก

nàk — Heavy; having great weight or intensity or severity.

อึ้ง

ûeng — Stunned, speechless; too shocked or amazed to speak.

ข้าง

khâang — Side, beside, next to; indicating lateral position.

บิดา

bìdaa — Father; a formal or literary word for one's father.

เธอ

thooe — She, her, you; feminine second or third person pronoun.

พิง

phing — To lean or rest against something for support.

ผ้าม่าน

phâa màan — Curtain; fabric hung to cover a window or doorway.

ยาว

yaao — Long; having great length in space or time.

สีขาว

sǐi khǎao — White color; the lightest color, like snow or milk.

ลม

lom — Wind; moving air felt naturally outdoors or indoors.

พายุ

phaayú — Storm; violent weather with strong wind and rain.

ฝนฟ้าคะนอง

fǒn fáa khànong — Thunderstorm; heavy rain accompanied by thunder and lightning.

บาง

baang — Some, thin; partial amount or having little thickness.

ส่วน

sùan — Part, portion, section; a component of a larger whole.

พัด

phát — To blow; wind moving air in a specific direction.

วน

won — To circle, swirl, loop; move in a rotating pattern.

มุม

mum — Corner, angle; where two walls or lines meet.

ห้อง

hông — Room; an enclosed space within a building.

พัดพา

phát phaa — To carry or sweep along; blown away by wind.

ขึ้น

khûen — Up, to rise; movement in an upward direction.

เพดาน

pheedaan — Ceiling; the upper interior surface of a room.

โบก

bòok — To wave or flap; move back and forth in air.

สะบัด

sàbàt — To flap, flutter, or shake briskly with force.

ราวกับ

raao gàp — As if, just like; used for simile or comparison.

ปีก

pìik — Wing; the limb used by birds or insects to fly.

วิญญาณ

winyaan — Soul, spirit; the immaterial essence of a living being.