A Tale of Two Cities — Page 5

Vocabulary

บรรดา

ban-da — All of; used to refer to a group collectively

นักวางแผน

nak-waang-phaen — A planner; one who devises strategies or schemes

ผู้

phuu — Person; prefix indicating a person who does something

ค้นพบ

khon-phop — To discover; to find something previously unknown

ทุก

thuk — Every; all; each without exception

วิธี

wi-thi — Method; way; manner of doing something

รักษา

rak-saa — To treat; to cure; to maintain or preserve

สำหรับ

sam-rap — For; intended for a specific purpose or person

ความ

khwaam — Prefix forming abstract nouns; condition or state

ชั่วร้าย

chua-raai — Evil; wicked; morally bad or malicious

เล็กน้อย

lek-noi — A little; slight; small in amount or degree

ที่

thii — At; place; relative pronoun marker; that which

รัฐ

rat — State; government; an organized political community

กำลัง

kam-lang — Currently doing; power; strength; progressive aspect marker

เผชิญ

pha-choen — To face; to confront a situation or challenge

อยู่

yuu — To be; to stay; continuous aspect marker

ยกเว้น

yok-wen — Except; to exempt; excluding something or someone

การ

kaan — Prefix nominalizing verbs; act of doing something

ลงมือ

long-muu — To begin; to start taking action on something

ทำงาน

tham-ngaan — To work; to perform a job or task

อย่าง

yaang — In a manner; type; kind; like a certain way

จริงจัง

ching-chang — Seriously; earnestly; with genuine effort and dedication

เพื่อ

phuea — In order to; for the purpose of achieving something

ถอนราก

thon-raak — To uproot; to pull out by the roots

ถอนโคน

thon-khon — To eradicate completely; to pull out from the base

บาป

baap — Sin; wrongdoing; morally or religiously evil act

เพียง

phiang — Only; merely; just a limited amount or degree

ประการ

pra-kaan — Point; aspect; item in a list or argument

เดียว

diao — Single; alone; only one of something

ต่าง

taang — Different; various; each one separately

พากัน

phaa-kan — Together; doing something collectively as a group

เท

the — To pour; to tip out liquid from a container

พร่ำเพ้อ

phram-phooe — To ramble; to babble incoherently or endlessly

น่า

naa — Worth; worthy of; makes adjectives expressing feelings

วุ่นวาย

wun-waai — Chaotic; turbulent; disorderly and confused situation

ใส่

sai — To put in; to insert; to wear on the body

หู

huu — Ear; the organ used for hearing sounds

ใด

dai — Any; which; whichever; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

ก็ตาม

ko-taam — Regardless; no matter what; even so

พวกเขา

phuak-khao — They; them; referring to a group of people

หยิบฉวย

yip-chuai — To snatch; to grab quickly and opportunistically

ได้

dai — Can; able to; obtained; past tense marker

ใน

nai — In; inside; within a place or time period

งาน

ngaan — Work; event; job; a task or celebration

รับแขก

rap-khaek — To receive guests; to host visitors at home

ของ

khoong — Of; belonging to; possessive particle in Thai

นักปรัชญา

nak-prat-chaa — Philosopher; one who studies fundamental questions of existence

ไร้

rai — Without; lacking; devoid of a quality or thing

ศรัทธา

sat-thaa — Faith; belief; religious devotion and trust

ปรับโฉม

prap-chom — To renovate; to reshape; to give a new appearance

โลก

look — World; earth; the global sphere of existence

ด้วย

duai — With; also; by means of; too

ถ้อยคำ

thoi-kham — Words; expressions; language used in speech or writing

และ

lae — And; connecting two words, phrases, or clauses

สร้าง

saang — To build; to create; to construct something

หอคอย

ho-khoi — Tower; a tall narrow building or structure

จาก

chaak — From; out of; originating at a place or source

ไพ่

phai — Playing cards; a card used in games

พิชิต

phi-chit — To conquer; to defeat; to overcome a challenge

ท้องฟ้า

thong-faa — Sky; the expanse of air above the earth

สนทนา

son-tha-naa — To converse; to have a discussion or chat

กับ

kap — With; and; together with someone or something

นักเคมี

nak-khe-mii — Chemist; a scientist who studies chemistry

มี

mii — To have; there is; to possess something

สายตา

saai-taa — Eyesight; gaze; one's vision or line of sight

จับจ้อง

chap-choong — To stare; to gaze fixedly at something

แปร

praae — To transform; to convert; to change into something else

ธาตุ

thaat — Element; substance; a fundamental chemical or natural element

โลหะ

lo-ha — Metal; a hard shiny material like gold or iron

ชุมนุม

chum-num — Assembly; gathering; to congregate in a group

อัน

an — A classifier for objects; that which; a thing

อัศจรรย์

at-sa-chan — Wonderful; miraculous; astonishing beyond normal expectation

รวบรวม

ruap-ruam — To collect; to gather together into one place

ขึ้น

khuen — Up; to rise; to increase; upward direction

นี้

nii — This; referring to something nearby or just mentioned

สุภาพบุรุษ

su-phaap-bu-rut — Gentleman; a polite, well-mannered, refined man

ประณีต

pra-niit — Refined; exquisite; delicate and carefully crafted

อบรม

op-rom — To train; to educate; to instill discipline and values

เลี้ยงดู

liang-duu — To raise; to nurture; to bring up a child

ดีเลิศ

dii-loe t — Excellent; superior; of outstanding quality or virtue

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which; that; a relative pronoun connecting clauses

ยุคสมัย

yuk-sa-mai — Era; age; a period of time in history

จดจำ

chot-cham — To remember; to memorize; to retain in memory

นั้น

nan — That; those; referring to something previously mentioned

นับแต่

nap-tae — Since; from the time of; counting from a point

มา

maa — To come; indicates action toward the speaker

เป็น

pen — To be; to become; a linking verb in Thai

รู้จัก

ruu-chak — To know; to be acquainted with a person or thing

ผลลัพธ์

phon-lap — Result; outcome; the final product of a process

เฉยเมย

choei-moei — Indifferent; apathetic; showing no interest or concern

ต่อ

to — Toward; against; per; continuing; next in sequence

เรื่อง

rueang — Matter; story; topic; issue being discussed

ธรรมชาติ

tham-ma-chaat — Nature; the natural world and its phenomena

มนุษย์

ma-nut — Human; human being; a member of humankind

ให้

hai — To give; to allow; causative or beneficiary marker

สนใจ

son-chai — To be interested in; to pay attention to something

สภาพ

sa-phaap — Condition; state; the current situation of something

อ่อนล้า

on-laa — Exhausted; weary; drained of energy and strength

แบบอย่าง

baep-yaang — Model; example; a pattern worthy of imitation

ที่สุด

thii-sut — Most; the superlative degree; the extreme end

ณ

na — At; in; a formal preposition indicating location

คฤหาสน์

kha-rue-haat — Mansion; a large luxurious house or estate

บุคคลสำคัญ

buk-khon-sam-khan — Important person; a notable or significant individual

เหล่า

lao — Those; group of; a collective plural marker

ทิ้ง

thing — To abandon; to throw away; to leave behind

บ้านเรือน

baan-ruean — Homes; houses; residential dwellings in general

ตน

ton — Oneself; self; a reflexive personal pronoun

ไว้

wai — To keep; to retain; to set aside for later

เบื้องหลัง

bueang-lang — Behind; in the background; behind the scenes

งดงาม

ngot-ngaam — Beautiful; magnificent; graceful and visually splendid

จน

chon — Until; poor; to the point of; up to a limit

กระทั่ง

kra-thang — Until; even; up to a point in time

สายลับ

saai-lap — Spy; secret agent; one who gathers covert information

แฝงตัว

faeng-tua — To blend in; to disguise oneself within a group

หมู่

muu — Group; cluster; among a collection of things or people

คารวะ

khaa-ra-wa — To pay respects; to show reverence or homage

คิด

khit — To think; to consider; to have a thought

ครึ่ง

khrueng — Half; one of two equal parts of something

หนึ่ง

nueng — One; the number one; a single unit

ดี

dii — Good; well; positive in quality or nature

ทีเดียว

thii-diao — Quite; indeed; very; used for emphasis at sentence end

สังคม

sang-khom — Society; a community of people with shared norms

ชั้นสูง

chan-suung — Upper class; high society; elite social rank

คง

khong — Probably; likely; to remain; presumably so

หา

haa — To search for; to look for; to seek

ได้ยาก

dai-yaak — Hard to obtain; difficult to find or achieve

เทวดา

the-wa-daa — Angel; deity; a divine or heavenly being

แวดวง

waet-wong — Circle; sphere; a social or professional circle

ว่า

waa — That; to say; introduces reported speech or clauses

ภรรยา

phan-ra-yaa — Wife; a female spouse in a marriage

แม้

mae — Even though; although; even if; despite

คน

khon — Person; people; a human individual

กิริยา

ki-ri-yaa — Manners; behavior; one's actions and demeanor

มารยาท

maa-ra-yaat — Etiquette; politeness; socially acceptable behavior

รูปลักษณ์

ruup-lak — Appearance; looks; the outward physical form

ภายนอก

phaai-nook — Outside; exterior; outward appearance or surface

ยอมรับ

yom-rap — To accept; to acknowledge; to admit something is true

มารดา

maan-daa — Mother; a formal word for one's female parent

แท้จริง

thae-ching — Truly; in reality; the genuine truth of something

แล้ว

laeo — Already; then; after; past completion marker

นอกจาก

nook-chaak — Except for; besides; apart from something or someone

กระทำ

kra-tham — To act; to commit; to perform a formal action

คือ

khue — Is; namely; to be; defines or equates things

นำ

nam — To lead; to bring; to guide toward a destination

สิ่งมีชีวิต

sing-mii-chi-wit — Living thing; organism; any creature that is alive

รำคาญ

ram-khaan — Annoyed; irritated; bothered by something troublesome

สู่

suu — To; toward; in the direction of something

ไม่ได้

mai-dai — Cannot; did not; unable or failed to do something

ช่วย

chuai — To help; to assist; to aid someone in need

เข้าถึง

khao-thueng — To access; to reach; to connect with something

ความหมาย

khwaam-maai — Meaning; significance; the sense conveyed by a word

คำ

kham — Word; a unit of language with meaning

มาก

maak — Much; many; a large quantity or degree

นัก

nak — Expert; very; excessively; prefix for a profession

ก็

ko — Also; then; even; a connective discourse particle

ไม่มี

mai-mii — There is none; to not have; lacking something

สิ่ง

sing — Thing; object; matter; an item or entity

ดังกล่าว

dang-klao — Aforementioned; said; previously mentioned thing or topic

นิยม

ni-yom — Popularity; to favor; to prefer or admire something

ตาม

taam — According to; to follow; along with; in accordance

แฟชั่น

fae-chan — Fashion; a popular style or trend in clothing

หญิง

ying — Woman; female; a girl or adult female person

ชาวนา

chaao-naa — Farmer; a peasant who works agricultural land

ดูแล

duu-lae — To take care of; to look after someone

ทารก

thaa-rok — Baby; infant; a very young child or newborn

ไม่

mai — Not; no; a negation particle in Thai

ทันสมัย

than-sa-mai — Modern; up to date; contemporary in style or thinking

ใกล้ชิด

klai-chit — Close; intimate; having a near personal relationship

ส่วน

suan — Part; portion; as for; a section of something

คุณยาย

khun-yaai — Grandmother; a respectful term for an older woman

เสน่ห์

sa-nae — Charm; attraction; an appealing personal quality

อายุ

aa-yu — Age; how old someone or something is

หกสิบ

hok-sip — Sixty; the number sixty in Thai counting

แต่งกาย

taeng-kaai — To dress; to wear clothing; style of dressing

รับประทาน

rap-pra-thaan — To eat; polite formal word for consuming food

อาหาร

aa-haan — Food; meal; any substance consumed for nutrition

เย็น

yen — Evening; cool; the late afternoon or early evening

ราวกับ

raao-kap — As if; like; in a manner resembling something else

ยี่สิบ

yii-sip — Twenty; the number twenty in Thai counting