A Tale of Two Cities — Page 8

Vocabulary

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.

ใคร

khrai — Interrogative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'whoever'.

ใน

nai — Preposition meaning 'in' or 'inside'.

หมู่

mu — Group, cluster, or community of people or things.

แขก

khaek — Guest or visitor arriving at a place.

ที่

thi — Place, location; also a relative pronoun 'that/which'.

มา

ma — To come; to move toward the speaker.

ร่วม

ruam — To join, participate, or share together with others.

งาน

ngan — Work, job, or a formal event or function.

รับรอง

rap rong — To receive guests; to certify or guarantee something.

ของ

khong — Possessive particle meaning 'of' or 'belonging to'.

มอง

mong — To look at or gaze upon something.

ปี

pi — Year; a unit of time equal to twelve months.

คริสต์ศักราช

khrit sak karat — The Christian era; the Anno Domini calendar system.

หนึ่ง

nueng — The number one; a single unit.

พัน

phan — One thousand; the number 1,000.

เจ็ด

jet — The number seven.

ร้อย

roi — One hundred; the number 100.

แปด

paet — The number eight.

สิบ

sip — The number ten.

นั้น

nan — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something previously mentioned.

จะ

cha — Future tense marker indicating an action will occur.

สามารถ

samat — To be able to; expressing capability or possibility.

สงสัย

song sai — To doubt or suspect; to be curious about something.

ได้

dai — Can, could; past tense marker or verb 'to get/obtain'.

เลย

loei — At all; ever; intensifier meaning 'not at all' in negatives.

ว่า

wa — Complementizer meaning 'that'; to say or state.

ระบบ

rabop — System or organized structure of related elements.

มี

mi — To have; to exist; there is/are.

รากฐาน

rak than — Foundation or basis underlying a system or structure.

อยู่

yu — To be located; to stay or remain somewhere.

บน

bon — Preposition meaning 'on top of' or 'above'.

เพชฌฆาต

phet cha khat — Executioner; person who carries out death sentences.

ผม

phom — Hair on the head; also first-person pronoun for males.

หยิก

yik — Curly or kinky; to pinch or curl hair.

โรย

roi — To sprinkle or scatter something lightly over a surface.

แต่ง

taeng — To decorate, dress up, or compose creatively.

แป้ง

paeng — Powder, flour; cosmetic powder used on the face.

ประดับ

pradap — To adorn or decorate with ornamental accessories.

ลูกไม้

luk mai — Lace fabric used as decorative trim or garment material.

ทอง

thong — Gold; the precious yellow metal or its color.

สวม

suam — To wear or put on clothing or accessories.

รองเท้า

rong thao — Shoes; footwear worn on the feet.

สูบ

sup — To smoke (cigarettes); to pump or suck liquid.

ถุงน่อง

thung nong — Stockings or pantyhose worn on the legs.

ไหม

mai — Silk; also a question particle at end of yes/no questions.

ขาว

khao — White; the color white or pale complexion.

คง

khong — Probably; likely; to remain or stay as is.

จน

chon — Until; up to a point; also means 'poor' (lacking money).

กระทั่ง

krathing — Until; even; up to and including a point in time.

ดาว

dao — Star; a celestial body visible in the night sky.

สิ้น

sin — To end, expire, or be exhausted; finished completely.

แสง

saeng — Light; rays of illumination from a source.

ครั้น

khran — When; once; conjunction used in formal or literary Thai.

ปลด

plot — To release, dismiss, or unfasten something tied or attached.

ภาระ

phara — Burden, duty, or responsibility one must carry.

บรรดา

banda — All of; the various; referring collectively to a group.

คน

khon — Person; human being; people in general.

รับใช้

rap chai — To serve; to act as a servant or attendant.

ทั้ง

thang — Both; all; entirety of a group or set.

สี่

si — The number four.

ดื่ม

duem — To drink a liquid beverage.

ช็อกโกแลต

chok ko laet — Chocolate; sweet food made from cacao beans.

ตน

ton — Oneself; reflexive pronoun referring to the subject.

เสร็จ

set — Finished; completed; done with a task.

แล้ว

laeo — Already; then; past aspect marker in Thai.

ก็

ko — Then; also; discourse particle connecting clauses smoothly.

สั่ง

sang — To order or command someone to do something.

ให้

hai — To give; causative marker meaning 'to let/make someone do'.

เปิด

poet — To open or turn on something.

ประตู

pratu — Door or gate of a building or room.

แห่ง

haeng — Classifier for places; of (a location); a place.

ศักดิ์สิทธิ์

sak sit — Sacred, holy, or having divine spiritual power.

ที่สุด

thi sut — The most; superlative marker in Thai language.

ออก

ok — To exit or go out; to come out from inside.

เสด็จ

sadet — Royal verb meaning to travel or proceed (for royalty).

ช่าง

chang — How very; technician; expressing surprise at a quality.

เป็น

pen — To be; verb linking subject to predicate or state.

ความ

khwam — Nominalizer prefix turning adjectives into abstract nouns.

อ่อนน้อม

on nom — Humble, modest, and respectfully deferential in manner.

ยิ่ง

ying — Even more; increasingly; to a greater degree.

นัก

nak — Very much; intensifier; also means expert or practitioner.

การ

kan — Nominalizer prefix for actions; act of doing something.

หมอบ

mop — To crouch down low with the body near the ground.

คลาน

khlan — To crawl on hands and knees along the ground.

ประจบ

prachop — To flatter or fawn over someone insincerely.

สอพลอ

so phlo — To flatter or sweet-talk someone to gain favor.

ต่ำต้อย

tam toi — Lowly, humble, or of inferior social status.

อัปยศ

ap payot — Shameful, disgraceful, bringing dishonor upon oneself.

อดสู

ot su — Ashamed; feeling deep embarrassment or humiliation.

สุด

sut — Extreme; utmost; end point of a range.

ขีด

khit — Limit, boundary, or extreme point; to scratch or draw.

เรื่อง

rueang — Matter, story, topic, or subject being discussed.

ก้ม

kom — To bow or lower one's head downward.

กราบ

krap — To prostrate oneself in deep respect or worship.

กาย

kai — Body; the physical form of a person.

จิตใจ

chit chai — Mind, heart, or spirit; the inner mental state.

ไม่มี

mai mi — There is not; to not have; absence of something.

สิ่งใด

sing dai — Anything; whatever thing; any kind of object.

เหลือ

luea — To remain; to be left over; excess remaining.

ไว้

wai — To keep, save, or place something for future use.

สำหรับ

samrap — For; intended for a particular person or purpose.

สวรรค์

sawan — Heaven; paradise; the divine celestial realm.

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which; that; a relative pronoun connecting clauses.

นั่น

nan — That (over there); demonstrative pronoun for distant objects.

อาจ

at — Might, may; expressing possibility or uncertainty.

เหตุผล

het phon — Reason, rationale, or logical justification for something.

อื่น

uen — Other; another; different from the one mentioned.

ๆ

(mai yamok) — Repetition mark indicating the preceding word is repeated.

ทำให้

tham hai — To cause or make something happen; to result in.

ผู้

phu — Person who; one who; prefix denoting a doer.

บูชา

bucha — To worship, venerate, or pay homage to something sacred.

ไม่

mai — Negation particle meaning 'not' or 'no'.

เคย

khoei — Ever; used to have; indicates past experience.

สนใจ

son chai — To be interested in or pay attention to something.

ด้วย

duai — Also, too; with; by means of something.

มอบ

mop — To hand over, present, or bestow something to someone.

คำ

kham — Word; spoken syllable; a unit of language.

สัญญา

sanya — Promise, contract, or formal agreement between parties.

นี่

ni — This (here); demonstrative pronoun for nearby objects.

รอย

roi — Mark, trace, or scar left on a surface.

ยิ้ม

yim — To smile; a facial expression showing happiness.

กระซิบ

krasip — To whisper quietly into someone's ear.

กับ

kap — With; and; together with another person or thing.

ทาส

that — Slave; a person owned and controlled by another.

โชคดี

chok di — Good luck; fortunate; a common farewell wishing luck.

โบก

bok — To wave (hand); to flag down; a waving gesture.

มือ

mue — Hand; the body part at the end of the arm.

อีก

ik — Again; more; another; additional occurrence.

ผ่าน

phan — To pass through or by something; to go past.

ห้อง

hong — Room; an enclosed space inside a building.

ต่าง

tang — Different; various; each (one); diverse.

ไป

pai — To go; movement away from the speaker.

อย่าง

yang — In a manner of; kind, type, or way of doing.

มิตร

mit — Friend; ally; a person with whom one is friendly.

สู่

su — Toward; to; in the direction of something.

ดินแดน

din daen — Territory, land, or region belonging to a place.

ห่างไกล

hang klai — Far away; distant; remote from one's current location.

ขอบเขต

khop khet — Boundary, limit, or scope of something defined.

จริง

ching — True, real, or genuine; actually being the case.

ณ

na — At; in; formal preposition indicating location (literary use).

หัน

han — To turn around; to face a different direction.

กลับ

klap — To return; to go back to a previous place.

เดิน

doen — To walk; to move on foot at a normal pace.

ครั้ง

khrang — Time, occasion; classifier for occurrences of events.

ตาม

tam — To follow; according to; in pursuit of something.

กาล

kan — Time, era, or period (used in formal/literary contexts).

เวลา

wela — Time; a point or period during the day.

ถูก

thuk — To be correct; cheap; passive marker in sentences.

ปิศาจ

pisat — Demon, devil, or evil supernatural spirit.

ขัง

khang — To confine, imprison, or lock up in an enclosure.

ตัวเอง

tua eng — Oneself; by oneself; reflexive expression in Thai.

เห็น

hen — To see; to visually perceive something.

ต่อ

to — Next; against; per; to continue or connect.

เมื่อ

muea — When; at the time that something occurred.

แสดง

sadaeng — To show, display, or perform for an audience.

สิ้นสุด

sin sut — To end, terminate, or come to a conclusion.

ลง

long — To go down; descend; directional verb downward.

พลุ่ง

phlung — To surge, gush, or burst forth suddenly.

พล่าน

phlan — To swarm chaotically; move about in a frenzy.

อากาศ

akat — Air, atmosphere, or weather conditions outside.

กลาย

klai — To become; to transform into something different.

พายุ

phayu — Storm; severe weather with strong winds and rain.

เล็ก

lek — Small, little, or tiny in size.

กระดิ่ง

krading — Small bell that makes a ringing tinkling sound.

น้อย

noi — Few, little; small in quantity or amount.

อัน

an — General classifier for various objects; one item.

ค่า

kha — Value, worth, or price of something.

ดัง

dang — Loud, famous; sounding or resonating clearly.

กังวาน

kangwan — Resonant, echoing, or ringing sound filling a space.

บันได

bandai — Stairs, staircase, or ladder for climbing levels.

นาน

nan — Long time; for a prolonged duration.

เพียง

phiang — Only, merely, just; limiting the extent of something.

เดียว

diao — Alone, single, only one; by oneself.

จาก

chak — From; away from a place or source.

ฝูงชน

fung chon — Crowd; large group of people gathered together.

ทั้งหมด

thang mot — All, everything, the entire total amount.

เขา

khao — He, she, they; third-person personal pronoun.

หมวก

muak — Hat or cap worn on the head.

ใต้

tai — Under, beneath, below; the southern direction.

แขน

khaen — Arm; the limb extending from shoulder to hand.

กล่อง

klong — Box; a rectangular container for storing items.

ยาสูบ

ya sup — Tobacco; plant material used for smoking.

ค่อย

khoi — Slowly, gradually, gently; in a quiet manner.

กระจก

krachok — Mirror or glass; a reflective or transparent surface.

เงา

ngao — Shadow or reflection; dark shape cast by an object.

ขณะ

khana — Moment; while; at the time that something happens.