A Tale of Two Cities — Page 2

Vocabulary

แต่

tàe — But; however; used to contrast two ideas.

ยัง

yang — Still; yet; continuing in a state or action.

คง

khong — Probably; likely; remaining constant or unchanged.

มี

mii — To have; to exist; there is or are.

ภูมิประเทศ

phuum-prathêet — Terrain; geographical landscape or topography of an area.

ที่

thîi — At; place; relative pronoun or location marker.

ขรุขระ

khrú-khrà — Rough; uneven; bumpy surface or terrain.

โล่ง

lôong — Open; spacious; clear and unobstructed area.

กว้าง

kwâang — Wide; broad; having great extent across.

และ

láe — And; connecting words, phrases, or clauses together.

เปิดเผย

pèrt-phroei — Open; exposed; revealing or without concealment.

หมู่บ้าน

mùu-bâan — Village; a small rural community or settlement.

เล็กๆ

lék-lék — Very small; tiny; diminutive in size.

แห่ง

hàeng — Classifier for places, locations, or establishments.

หนึ่ง

nùeng — One; the number one; a single unit.

อยู่

yùu — To be located; to live; to stay somewhere.

เชิง

choeng — Base; foot of a hill or mountain.

เขา

khǎo — Hill; mountain; elevated landform.

พื้นที่

phúun-thîi — Area; surface space; geographic or physical region.

ใหญ่

yài — Large; big; great in size or extent.

ลาด

lâat — Slope; incline; slanted or gradual elevation change.

สูง

sǔung — High; tall; elevated above a reference point.

ขึ้น

khûen — Up; to rise; moving in an upward direction.

ไป

pai — To go; moving away toward a destination.

เบื้อง

bûeang — Side; direction; aspect in a particular orientation.

หน้า

nâa — Front; face; forward direction or side.

ยอด

yôot — Peak; top; summit of a structure or hill.

หอ

hǒo — Tower; tall structure or building.

โบสถ์

bòot — Church; religious building for Christian worship.

กังหัน

gang-hǎn — Windmill; rotating device driven by wind energy.

ลม

lom — Wind; moving air; breeze.

ป่า

pàa — Forest; jungle; wild wooded area.

สำหรับ

sǎm-ràp — For; intended for; designated for a purpose.

ล่า

lâa — To hunt; to pursue prey or quarry.

สัตว์

sàt — Animal; creature; living non-human organism.

หน้าผา

nâa-phǎa — Cliff; steep rocky face of a hill.

ป้อม

pôom — Fort; fortified structure for military defense.

ปราการ

praa-kaan — Fortification; defensive wall or stronghold.

ตั้ง

tâng — To set up; to establish; to place upright.

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which; that; relative pronoun linking clauses.

ใช้

cháai — To use; to employ; to make use of something.

เป็น

pen — To be; to exist as; used as.

คุก

khúk — Prison; jail; place of incarceration.

ขณะ

khànà — Moment; while; at the time when something occurs.

ราตรี

raa-trii — Night; nighttime; the hours of darkness.

ย่าง

yâang — To step; to stride; to approach by walking.

เข้า

khâo — To enter; to go inside; inward direction.

มา

maa — To come; moving toward the speaker.

มอง

moong — To look; to gaze; to direct eyes toward something.

ดู

duu — To watch; to look at; to observe something.

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing; object; matter or entity.

ต่างๆ

tàang-tàang — Various; different kinds; assorted types of things.

เหล่า

lào — Those; group of; plural marker for nouns.

นั้น

nán — That; those; referring to something previously mentioned.

กำลัง

gam-lang — Currently; in the process of; present continuous marker.

มืด

mûet — Dark; lacking light; darkness settling in.

ลง

long — Down; to descend; moving in downward direction.

รอบ

rôop — Around; surrounding; encircling on all sides.

ข้าง

khâang — Side; beside; next to; adjacent direction.

ด้วย

dûuai — With; also; too; together with something else.

ท่าที

thâa-thii — Manner; attitude; bearing or demeanor of a person.

ของ

khǒong — Of; belonging to; possessive particle.

ผู้

phûu — Person; one who; prefix indicating a person.

ใกล้

glâi — Near; close; not far from something.

จะ

jà — Will; going to; future tense marker in Thai.

ถึง

thǔeng — To reach; to arrive at; until; up to.

บ้าน

bâan — House; home; dwelling place.

ถนน

thà-nǒn — Road; street; paved path for vehicles.

สาย

sǎai — Line; route; strand; classifier for roads or strings.

เดียว

diao — Single; only one; alone; sole.

ยากจน

yâak-jon — Poor; impoverished; lacking financial resources.

พร้อม

phróom — Ready; prepared; together with; complete.

โรง

roong — Building; establishment; large structure for a purpose.

เบียร์

bia — Beer; alcoholic beverage made from grain.

ทรุดโทรม

thrút-soom — Dilapidated; run-down; deteriorated in condition.

ฟอก

fôok — To tan; to bleach; to process hides or skin.

หนัง

nǎng — Leather; skin; hide of an animal.

ซอมซ่อ

soom-sôo — Shabby; worn out; ragged in appearance.

ต่ำต้อย

tàm-tôoi — Lowly; humble; of low social status.

ลาน

laan — Courtyard; open yard; flat open space.

คอก

khôok — Stable; pen; enclosure for keeping animals.

ม้า

máa — Horse; large domesticated riding animal.

เปลี่ยน

plìan — To change; to exchange; to swap something.

ไปรษณีย์

prai-sà-nii — Post; mail service; postal system.

อนาถา

à-naa-thǎa — Destitute; wretched; pitifully poor and helpless.

น้ำพุ

náam-phú — Fountain; spring; water springing up from ground.

โรยรา

rooi-raa — Withered; faded; in a state of decay.

อำนวย

am-nuai — To provide; to facilitate; to grant or offer.

ความ

khwaam — Noun-forming prefix indicating an abstract concept.

สะดวก

sà-dùak — Convenient; comfortable; easy and without difficulty.

ข้นแค้น

khôn-khâen — Destitute; impoverished; extremely poor and struggling.

ตาม

taam — According to; following; in accordance with.

แบบฉบับ

bàep-chàbàp — Model; typical example; standard pattern or style.

ทั่วไป

thûa-pai — General; common; widespread and universally applicable.

นั่น

nân — That; over there; referring to a specific thing.

ผู้คน

phûu-khon — People; folks; a group of persons.

อีก

ìik — More; another; additionally; further.

ทั้งหมด

tháng-mòt — All; everything; the entire amount or group.

ล้วน

lúan — All; entirely; without exception; wholly.

หลาย

lǎai — Many; several; a large number of things.

คน

khon — Person; people; human being; classifier for people.

นั่ง

nâng — To sit; to be seated in a position.

ประตู

prà-tuu — Door; gate; entryway of a building.

หั่น

hàn — To chop; to slice; to cut food into pieces.

หัวหอม

hǔa-hǒom — Onion; bulbous vegetable used in cooking.

เล็กน้อย

lék-nóoi — A little; slightly; a small amount.

คล้าย

khláai — Similar; resembling; looking or seeming like something.

กัน

gan — Together; each other; mutually; reciprocal action.

เพื่อ

phûea — In order to; for the purpose of; so that.

เตรียม

triam — To prepare; to get ready; to arrange in advance.

อาหาร

aa-hǎan — Food; meal; nourishment consumed for sustenance.

เย็น

yen — Cool; cold; evening; refreshingly low in temperature.

ใน

nai — In; inside; within a space or area.

ล้าง

láang — To wash; to rinse; to clean with water.

ใบไม้

bai-máai — Leaf; foliage; flat green part of a plant.

หญ้า

yâa — Grass; low green ground-covering plant.

พืช

phûet — Plant; vegetation; organism that photosynthesizes.

น้อยๆ

nóoi-nóoi — Very little; tiny amount; minimal quantity.

จาก

jàak — From; away from; departing a place or source.

พื้นดิน

phúun-din — Ground; earth; surface of the land.

พอ

phoo — Enough; sufficient; just barely adequate.

กิน

gin — To eat; to consume food or drink.

ได้

dâai — Can; able to; to get; past tense marker.

สัญลักษณ์

sǎn-yá-lák — Symbol; sign; representation conveying a meaning.

อัน

an — Classifier for small or general objects; one item.

ชัดเจน

chát-jeen — Clear; obvious; evident and easy to understand.

ทำ

tham — To do; to make; to perform an action.

ให้

hâi — To give; to allow; causative marker in Thai.

พวกเขา

phûak-khǎo — They; them; third person plural pronoun.

มากมาย

mâak-maai — Plentiful; abundant; a great deal of something.

ทั้ง

tháng — Both; all; entire; including everything together.

ภาษี

phaa-sǐi — Tax; levy; compulsory payment to the government.

รัฐ

rát — State; government; official governing authority.

ขุนนาง

khǔn-naang — Nobleman; aristocrat; member of the noble class.

ท้องถิ่น

thóong-thìn — Local; regional; pertaining to a specific area.

ต้อง

tôong — Must; have to; obliged to do something.

ชำระ

cham-rá — To pay; to settle a debt; to cleanse.

นี่

nîi — This; here; referring to something nearby.

จารึก

jaa-rùek — Inscription; engraved text; carved written record.

เคร่งขรึม

khrêng-khrùem — Solemn; stern; gravely serious in expression.

จน

jon — Until; so that; to the extent that.

น่า

nâa — Worthy of; likely to evoke a feeling.

แปลกใจ

plàek-jai — Surprised; astonished; feeling unexpected amazement.

ว่า

wâa — That; say; complementizer introducing reported speech.

เหตุใด

hèet-dai — Why; for what reason; inquiring about a cause.

เหลือ

lǔea — Remaining; left over; still available after use.

โดย

dooi — By; via; by means of a method or agent.

ไม่

mâi — Not; negation particle used before verbs.

ถูก

thùuk — Correct; cheap; passive voice marker in Thai.

กลืน

gluen — To swallow; to gulp down; to absorb completely.

หาย

hǎai — To disappear; to vanish; to be lost or gone.

แทบ

thâep — Almost; nearly; scarcely; barely able to do something.

เด็ก

dèk — Child; kid; young person or boy and girl.

เห็น

hěn — To see; to notice; to visually perceive something.

สุนัข

sù-nák — Dog; domestic canine animal kept as pet.

เลย

loei — At all; ever; so; therefore; not at all.