A Tale of Two Cities — Page 11

Vocabulary

หรือ

rʉ̌ʉ — Conjunction meaning 'or' connecting alternatives.

อีก

ìik — Another, more, or again in addition.

ยี่สิบ

yîi-sìp — The number twenty.

ปี

pii — Year, a unit of time.

ข้างหน้า

khâang-nâa — Ahead, in the future, or in front.

ท่าน

thân — Respectful pronoun for you or esteemed person.

ให้

hâi — To give or to allow something to happen.

เกียรติ

kìiat — Honor, prestige, or dignity of a person.

ข้าพเจ้า

khâa-phá-jâo — Formal first-person pronoun meaning I or me.

มาก

mâak — Much, many, or a lot in quantity.

เกินไป

kəən-pai — Too much, excessively beyond a normal limit.

กล่าว

klàao — To say, speak, or state something formally.

กระนั้น

krá-nán — Nevertheless, even so, or despite that.

ก็

kɔ̂ɔ — Particle meaning also, then, or well.

ยัง

yang — Still, yet, or continuing to be so.

ชอบ

châawp — To like or be fond of something.

ข้อสันนิษฐาน

khɔ̂ɔ-sǎn-ní-sà-thǎan — Assumption or hypothesis proposed for consideration.

นั้น

nán — That, referring to something previously mentioned.

จะ

jà — Future tense marker indicating will or shall.

ละทิ้ง

lá-thíng — To abandon, desert, or give something up.

มัน

man — It, referring to a non-human thing or concept.

และ

láe — And, conjunction connecting words or clauses.

ใช้ชีวิต

chái-chii-wít — To live one's life in a manner.

ใน

nai — In, inside, or within a place.

แบบอื่น

bɛ̀ɛp-ʉ̀ʉn — Another way, a different manner or style.

ที่อื่น

thîi-ʉ̀ʉn — Elsewhere, some other place or location.

ไม่มี

mâi-mii — There is none, lacking or without something.

ค่า

khâa — Value, worth, or cost of something.

อะไร

à-rai — What, used in questions about things.

ที่

thîi — At, which, that, or relative pronoun marker.

สละ

sà-lá — To renounce, give up, or sacrifice something.

ไป

pai — To go or directional particle away from speaker.

ไม่ใช่

mâi-châi — Is not, negating identity or classification.

นอกจาก

nâawk-jàak — Except, besides, or other than something.

ถิ่นทุรกันดาร

thìn-thu-rá-kan-daan — Remote wilderness, desolate and inaccessible region.

แห่ง

hɛ̀ng — Of, classifier for places and institutions.

ความทุกข์ยาก

khwaam-thúk-yâak — Hardship, suffering, or difficult living conditions.

ความพินาศ

khwaam-phí-nâat — Ruin, destruction, or complete devastation.

พลาง

phlaang — While doing something simultaneously at the same time.

กวาดสายตา

kwàat-sǎai-taa — To sweep one's gaze across a scene.

รอบๆ

râawp-râawp — Around, surrounding an area in all directions.

ห้อง

hɔ̂ng — Room, an enclosed space within a building.

อัน

an — Classifier for small objects or relative pronoun.

หรูหรา

rǔu-rǎa — Luxurious, lavish, or extravagantly elegant in style.

ดู

duu — To look at, watch, or observe something.

ด้วย

dûuai — Also, with, or by means of something.

ตาเปล่า

taa-plào — With the naked eye, without optical aid.

ที่นี่

thîi-nîi — Here, at this particular place or location.

งดงาม

ngót-ngaam — Beautiful, graceful, or wonderfully pleasing to see.

พอสมควร

phɔɔ-sǒm-khuan — Fairly, reasonably, or to a moderate degree.

แต่

tɛ̀ɛ — But, however, contrasting two ideas or statements.

หาก

hàak — If, supposing that a condition is met.

มอง

mɔɔng — To look at or gaze upon something.

ภาพรวม

phâap-ruam — Overview, overall picture or general summary.

ทั้งหมด

tháng-mòt — All, everything, or the entire amount.

ใต้

tâai — Under, below, or south of a reference point.

ท้องฟ้า

thɔ́ɔng-fáa — Sky, the expanse above the earth.

แสงสว่าง

sɛ̌ng-sà-wàang — Light, brightness illuminating a space or area.

ของ

khɔ̌ɔng — Of, belonging to, or possessive marker.

วัน

wan — Day, a 24-hour period of time.

คือ

khʉʉ — Is, am, are; used to define or identify.

หอคอย

hɔɔ-khɔɔi — Tower, a tall narrow structure or building.

พังทลาย

phang-thá-laai — To collapse, crumble, or fall into ruin.

ลง

long — Down, to descend or decrease in level.

ความสิ้นเปลือง

khwaam-sîn-plʉaang — Wasteful expenditure or unnecessary consumption of resources.

การบริหาร

kaan-bɔɔ-rí-hǎan — Administration, management of an organization or affairs.

ผิดพลาด

phìt-phlâat — Mistake, error, or doing something incorrectly.

การเรียกเก็บเงิน

kaan-rîak-kèp-ngən — Billing, the act of charging or collecting payment.

โดย

dooi — By, through, or by means of something.

มิชอบ

mí-châawp — Unlawful, improper, or dishonest in conduct.

หนี้สิน

nîi-sǐn — Debt, financial obligations owed to others.

การจำนอง

kaan-jam-nɔɔng — Mortgage, pledging property as security for loan.

การกดขี่

kaan-kòt-khìi — Oppression, the act of suppressing or dominating others.

ความหิวโหย

khwaam-hǐu-hǒoi — Hunger, the state of lacking sufficient food.

ความทุกข์ทรมาน

khwaam-thúk-thɔ-rá-maan — Suffering, anguish, or intense physical or mental pain.

อีกครั้ง

ìik-khráng — Once more, again, or one more time.

ท่าที

thâa-thii — Attitude, stance, or manner of behavior.

พึงพอใจ

phʉng-phɔɔ-jai — Satisfied, content, or pleased with something.

อย่างยิ่ง

yàang-yîng — Extremely, very much, or to a great degree.

วันใด

wan-dai — Whichever day, or some unspecified day in future.

ตก

tòk — To fall, drop, or come down from above.

มา

maa — To come or directional particle toward the speaker.

เป็น

pen — To be, exist as, or become something.

ต้อง

tɔ̂ng — Must, have to, or it is necessary to.

มอบ

mɔ̂ɔp — To hand over, present, or give formally.

อยู่

yùu — To live, stay, be located, or exist.

มือ

mʉʉ — Hand, the body part at the end of the arm.

ผู้

phûu — Person, one who, a prefix indicating a doer.

มี

mii — To have, possess, or there is something.

ความสามารถ

khwaam-sǎa-mâat — Ability, capability, or skill to do something.

มากกว่า

mâak-kwàa — More than, exceeding another amount or degree.

การ

kaan — Nominalizing prefix indicating an action or process.

ค่อยๆ

khɔ̂ɔi-khɔ̂ɔi — Gradually, slowly and carefully step by step.

ปลดปล่อย

plòt-plɔ̀ɔi — To free, liberate, or release from constraint.

สิ่งนั้น

sìng-nán — That thing, referring to a specific object mentioned.

เป็นไปได้

pen-pai-dâai — Possible, able to happen or be achieved.

จาก

jàak — From, away from, or departing a place.

ภาระ

phaa-rá — Burden, responsibility, or heavy load to carry.

ดึง

dʉng — To pull, drag, or draw toward oneself.

ต่ำ

tàm — Low, below in height or rank or value.

เพื่อ

phʉ̂a — For, in order to achieve a purpose.

ผู้คน

phûu-khon — People, a group of persons in general.

น่าสงสาร

nâa-sǒng-sǎan — Pitiful, deserving sympathy or compassion from others.

ซึ่ง

sʉ̂ng — Which, that, a relative pronoun in clauses.

ไม่อาจ

mâi-àat — Cannot, unable to, or not possible to do.

ได้

dâai — Can, able to, or past tense marker.

ถูก

thùuk — Passive marker, to be subjected to an action.

บีบคั้น

bìip-khân — To squeeze, pressure, or oppress someone intensely.

ยาวนาน

yaao-naan — Long, extended over a considerable period of time.

จน

jon — Until, to the point of, or so that.

ถึง

thʉ̌ng — To reach, arrive at, or until a point.

ขีดสุด

khìit-sùt — Limit, the extreme boundary or maximum threshold.

ความอดทน

khwaam-òt-thon — Patience, endurance, or the ability to tolerate hardship.

ทุกข์ทรมาน

thúk-thɔ-rá-maan — To suffer greatly, experiencing intense pain or anguish.

น้อยลง

nɔ́ɔi-long — Decreasing, becoming less or fewer in amount.

รุ่นหนึ่ง

rûn-nʉ̀ng — One generation of people or a certain era.

สำหรับ

sǎm-ràp — For, intended for a person or purpose.

คำสาปแช่ง

kham-sâap-chɛ̂ng — Curse, a spell wishing harm or misfortune.

บน

bon — On top of, above, or on a surface.

แผ่นดิน

phɛ̀n-din — Land, earth, or the nation's territory.

นี้

níi — This, referring to something nearby or just mentioned.

แล้ว

lɛ́ɛo — Already, done, or past completion marker.

ล่ะ

lâ — Particle adding emphasis or seeking confirmation in questions.

ลุง

lung — Uncle, father's or mother's older brother.

ขอโทษ

khɔ̌ɔ-thôot — Sorry, excuse me, or an apology expression.

ซักถาม

sák-thǎam — To question, interrogate, or inquire closely.

ภายใต้

phaai-tâai — Under, beneath, or subject to conditions.

ปรัชญา

pràt-chà-yaa — Philosophy, the study of fundamental questions about existence.

ใหม่

mài — New, fresh, or recently made or acquired.

เจตนา

jèt-tà-naa — Intention, purpose, or deliberate plan of action.

ดำรงชีวิต

dam-rong-chii-wít — To maintain or sustain one's life and livelihood.

อย่างไร

yàang-rai — How, in what way or manner.

ทำ

tham — To do, make, or perform an action.

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing, object, or matter of any kind.

คน

khon — Person, human being, or classifier for people.

ร่วมชาติ

rûam-châat — Fellow countryman, compatriot sharing the same nationality.

คนอื่นๆ

khon-ʉ̀ʉn-ʉ̀ʉn — Other people, those who are not oneself.

แม้แต่

mɛ́ɛ-tɛ̀ɛ — Even, not even, emphasizing an extreme case.

ตระกูลสูง

trà-kuun-sǔung — High-born, of noble or aristocratic family lineage.

หนุนหลัง

nǔn-lǎng — To back up, support, or give backing to someone.

อาจ

àat — May, might, or possibly able to do.

สักวัน

sàk-wan — Someday, one day in the unspecified future.

ทำงาน

tham-ngaan — To work, perform a job or task.

อังกฤษ

ang-grìt — England or English, referring to Britain or its language.

ตัวอย่างเช่น

tua-yàang-chên — For example, used to introduce an illustration.

ใช่

châi — Yes, correct, or affirmative confirmation of something.

เกียรติยศ

kìiat-tì-yót — Honor and glory, prestigious reputation and dignity.

ตระกูล

trà-kuun — Family lineage, clan, or ancestral family line.

ปลอดภัย

plɔ̀ɔt-phai — Safe, secure, free from danger or harm.

ประเทศ

prà-thêet — Country, nation, or independent political state.