A Tale of Two Cities — Page 13

Vocabulary

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.

ถึง

theung — To reach, arrive at, or until a point.

กระนั้น

kra-nan — Even so, nevertheless, despite that fact.

ความ

khwam — Nominalizing prefix indicating an abstract concept or state.

กังวล

kang-won — To worry, feel anxious or concerned about something.

ใจ

jai — Heart, mind, or inner emotional state.

ของ

khong — Of, belonging to; possessive particle in Thai.

เขา

khao — He, she, or they; third-person pronoun.

ก็

ko — Particle meaning 'also', 'then', or 'well'.

ไม่

mai — Negation word meaning 'not' or 'no'.

ได้

dai — To get, obtain, or auxiliary indicating ability/past.

มืด

muet — Dark, lacking light; describing darkness.

หม่น

mon — Gloomy, dull, or somber in mood or color.

อย่าง

yang — Kind, type, or manner; used in comparisons.

ที่

thi — Place, location; also a relative pronoun 'that/which'.

จะ

ja — Future tense marker; will, going to do something.

ปรากฏ

pra-kot — To appear, emerge, or become visible suddenly.

ให้

hai — To give; causative particle meaning 'to make/let'.

เห็น

hen — To see, observe, or perceive visually.

หาก

hak — If, in the event that; conditional conjunction.

จินตนาการ

jin-ta-na-kan — Imagination, the ability to form mental images.

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place or time.

แสง

saeng — Light, a beam or ray of illumination.

สว่าง

sa-wang — Bright, well-lit, or illuminated.

แห่ง

haeng — Of, from; classifier for places or institutions.

ยุค

yuk — Era, age, or historical period of time.

สมัย

sa-mai — Era, period, or time in history.

ถัดมา

that-ma — Next, following, coming after in sequence.

แม้

mae — Even though, although; concessive conjunction.

อนาคต

a-na-khot — The future; time that has not yet come.

เต็ม

tem — Full, filled completely, at maximum capacity.

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle indicating away from speaker.

ด้วย

duai — With, also, too; indicates accompaniment or addition.

วิตก

wi-tok — To worry, be anxious or apprehensive about something.

แต่

tae — But, however; contrastive conjunction.

เป็น

pen — To be; linking verb indicating state or identity.

ยัง

yang — Still, yet; also used as 'also' in some contexts.

รู้จัก

ru-jak — To know, be acquainted with a person or thing.

คลุมเครือ

khlum-khruea — Vague, ambiguous, unclear in meaning or intent.

นั้น

nan — That, those; demonstrative pronoun for distant reference.

มี

mi — To have, possess, or there is/are.

หวัง

wang — To hope, wish, or expect something to happen.

รู้

ru — To know, be aware of facts or information.

เท่าทัน

thao-than — To keep up with, be aware enough to foresee.

การ

kan — Nominalizing prefix for actions or processes.

สังหาร

sang-han — To kill, slaughter; an act of killing someone.

หมู่

mu — Group, crowd; classifier for groups of people.

อัน

an — General classifier for various objects; 'which' or 'that'.

น่า

na — Worthy of, deserving; used before adjectives for feeling.

สยดสยอง

sa-yot-sa-yong — Terrifying, horrifying, causing extreme fear or dread.

กิน

kin — To eat; also to consume or take up time/space.

เวลา

we-la — Time, period, or duration of an event.

หลาย

lai — Many, several, numerous in quantity.

วัน

wan — Day; a 24-hour period of time.

คืน

khuen — Night; also means to return something.

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which, that; relative pronoun linking clauses.

อีก

ik — More, again, another; indicates addition or repetition.

กี่

ki — How many; question word for quantity.

ชั่วโมง

chua-mong — Hour; a unit of time equal to 60 minutes.

ข้าง

khang — Side, beside, next to something.

หน้า

na — Face; front; next (as in next page/time).

ประทับ

pra-thap — To stamp, imprint; also to reside (of royalty).

รอย

roi — Mark, trace, stain, or scar left behind.

โลหิต

lo-hit — Blood; formal or literary word for blood.

ยิ่งใหญ่

ying-yai — Grand, magnificent, great in scale or importance.

บน

bon — On top of, above, upon a surface.

ห้วง

huang — Expanse, abyss, or deep stretch of space/time.

เก็บเกี่ยว

kep-kiao — To harvest, reap crops or results of effort.

มงคล

mong-khon — Auspicious, lucky, or bringing good fortune.

อยู่

yu — To stay, live, or be located somewhere.

ห่างไกล

hang-klai — Far away, distant, remote in space or relation.

จาก

jak — From, away from; indicating origin or separation.

ราวกับ

rao-kap — As if, just like; used for comparisons or similes.

ว่า

wa — That; quotation marker; also means 'to say'.

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for things or animals.

ห่าง

hang — Far, distant, apart from something.

ออก

ok — Out, to exit, or go outward from a place.

แสน

saen — Hundred thousand; extremely, very (informal intensifier).

ปี

pi — Year; a unit of time equal to 12 months.

หญิงสาว

ying-sao — Young woman, girl of marriageable age.

คมกริบ

khom-krip — Very sharp, razor-sharp; keenly intelligent or witty.

เพิ่ง

phoeng — Just, recently; indicates an action just completed.

ถือ

thue — To hold, carry, or consider something a certain way.

กำเนิด

kam-noet — Birth, origin; to be born or come into existence.

ได้รับ

dai-rap — To receive, obtain, or be given something.

ขนานนาม

kha-nan-nam — To nickname, give a name or title to someone.

แทบ

thaep — Almost, nearly, barely; just short of something.

หรือ

rue — Or; question particle at end of yes/no questions.

คน

khon — Person, people; classifier for human beings.

ทั่วไป

thua-pai — In general, common, ordinary, widespread.

แม้แต่

mae-tae — Even, not even; emphasizes an extreme case.

นาม

nam — Name; also a grammatical term for noun.

กระทำ

kra-tham — To do, commit, or carry out an action.

สะพรึงกลัว

sa-phrueng-klua — To be terrified, horrified, filled with dread.

เกิดขึ้น

koet-khuen — To happen, occur, or come about.

ไม่ช้า

mai-cha — Soon, before long, in a short time.

อาจ

at — May, might, possibly; expressing possibility or probability.

ถูก

thuk — To be correct; passive marker; to be acted upon.

ขึ้น

khuen — Up, to rise; directional particle indicating upward motion.

ขณะ

kha-na — Moment, while, at the time of something.

จิตใจ

jit-jai — Mind, heart, inner spirit or mental state.

ผู้

phu — Person who; prefix indicating a person or agent.

ก่อการ

ko-kan — To instigate, initiate, or carry out an operation.

เอง

eng — Self, oneself; emphasizes the subject doing the action.

พวก

phuak — Group, gang, bunch; plural marker for people.

ทาง

thang — Way, path, direction, or means of doing something.

คิด

khit — To think, consider, or have a thought about something.

เลือนราง

luean-rang — Faint, blurry, indistinct, hard to make out.

อ่อนโยน

on-yon — Gentle, tender, mild in manner or character.

อย่างไร

yang-rai — How, in what way; question word for manner.

คาดการณ์

khat-kan — To predict, forecast, or make an estimation.

แน่นอน

naenon — Certain, sure, definitely without any doubt.

ปฏิบัติ

pa-ti-bat — To practice, carry out, or act according to rules.

เป็นธรรม

pen-tham — Fair, just, equitable in treatment or judgment.

กักขัง

kak-khang — To detain, confine, or imprison someone.

ยากลำบาก

yak-lam-bak — Difficult, hard, involving hardship or struggle.

รวมถึง

ruam-thueng — Including, encompassing, also including something else.

พลัดพราก

phlat-phrak — To be separated from loved ones, parted involuntarily.

โหดร้าย

hot-rai — Cruel, brutal, savage in action or character.

ภรรยา

phan-ra-ya — Wife; a woman in a legal marriage.

บุตร

but — Child, son or daughter; formal term.

นอก

nok — Outside, exterior, beyond a boundary.

เหนือ

nuea — Above, north, or superior in position.

นี้

ni — This, these; demonstrative pronoun for near reference.

หวาดกลัว

wat-klua — To be fearful, frightened, or terrified of something.

สิ่งใด

sing-dai — Anything, whatever thing; indefinite pronoun for things.

ชัดเจน

chat-jen — Clear, distinct, obvious without ambiguity.

เหล่า

lao — These, those; plural marker for groups of people.

มาก

mak — Much, many, a lot; indicates high degree or quantity.

พอ

pho — Enough, sufficient; also 'just as' or 'when'.

พา

pha — To bring, lead, or take someone somewhere.

เข้า

khao — To enter, go into, or inward direction.

สู่

su — To, toward, in the direction of something.

ลาน

lan — Open courtyard, yard, or plaza area.

คุก

khuk — Prison, jail; a place of incarceration.

หดหู่

hot-hu — Depressed, gloomy, disheartened, feeling low.

มา

ma — To come; directional particle toward the speaker.

เรือนจำ

ruean-jam — Prison, penitentiary; a place where inmates are held.

ลา

la — To take leave, say goodbye; also a donkey.

ชาย

chai — Man, male; also means edge or shore.

หนึ่ง

nueng — One; the number 1.

ใบหน้า

bai-na — Face, the front of a person's head.

บวม

buam — Swollen, puffed up from injury or inflammation.

พอง

phong — Swollen, bloated, or puffed out.

เปิด

poet — To open, unlock, or turn on something.

ประตู

pra-tu — Door, gate, or entrance to a place.

เหล็ก

lek — Iron, steel; a strong metallic material.

หนา

na — Thick, dense; describes thickness of an object.

แนะนำ

nae-nam — To introduce, recommend, or suggest someone or something.

อพยพ

op-pha-yop — To migrate, evacuate, or move from one place.

ต่อ

to — Against, toward, per, or to continue something.

นรก

na-rok — Hell, the underworld; a place of suffering.

แท้ๆ

thae-thae — Truly, genuinely, absolutely real or authentic.

เท่าไหร่

thao-rai — How much, how many; asking about quantity or price.

ร้อง

rong — To cry out, shout, sing, or weep.

รับ

rap — To receive, accept, or pick up something.

ใบเสร็จ

bai-set — Receipt, a document confirming payment received.

โดย

doi — By, through, via; indicates means or agent.

สนใจ

son-jai — To be interested in, pay attention to something.

คำ

kham — Word, term; also classifier for words or speeches.

อุทาน

u-than — Exclamation, interjection expressing sudden emotion.

ถอย

thoi — To retreat, step back, or move backward.

พร้อม

phrom — Ready, prepared, all set for something.

กับ

kap — With, together with, against.

เพื่อน

phuean — Friend, companion, someone one is close to.

ร่วม

ruam — Together, jointly, to participate or share in.

ชาติ

chat — Nation, country, nationality, or ethnic group.

สอง

song — Two; the number 2.

ฉัน

chan — I, me; first-person pronoun used by women informally.

ขอ

kho — To ask for, request, or beg something politely.

พูด

phut — To speak, talk, say something to someone.

ครั้ง

khrang — Time, occasion, instance; classifier for occurrences.