A Tale of Two Cities — Page 14

Vocabulary

ผู้คุม

phûu khum — guard or overseer, person who supervises others

คุก

khúk — prison, jail, place of incarceration

อุทาน

ù-thaan — to exclaim, cry out in surprise or emotion

ขึ้น

khûen — to go up, rise, increase in direction or degree

โดย

dooi — by, via, through a means or agent

ที่

thîi — place, location; also relative pronoun 'that/which'

เขา

khǎo — he, she, him, her; third-person pronoun

อยู่

yùu — to be located, to stay, to live somewhere

กับ

kàp — with, together with; connects nouns or clauses

ภรรยา

phan-ra-yaa — wife, a man's female spouse

ของ

khɔ̌ɔng — of, belonging to; possessive particle

อีก

ìik — more, another, again, additionally

กี่

kìi — how many, used in questions about quantity

คน

khon — person, people; classifier for human beings

กัน

kan — each other, together; mutual action particle

นี่

nîi — this, here; informal demonstrative pronoun

ซึ่ง

sûeng — which, that; relative pronoun connecting clauses

ไม่มี

mâi mii — there is none, does not have, nonexistent

คำตอบ

kham tɔ̀ɔp — answer, reply, response to a question

สำหรับ

sǎm-ràp — for, intended for, on behalf of someone

คำถาม

kham thǎam — question, inquiry posed to seek information

นั้น

nán — that, those; distal demonstrative pronoun

ก็

kɔ̂ɔ — also, then, well; discourse filler particle

เพียง

phiang — only, merely, just; limiting adverb

แต่

tɛ̀ɛ — but, however; conjunction showing contrast

ตอบ

tɔ̀ɔp — to answer, to reply, to respond to someone

ว่า

wâa — that; quotation or complementizer particle

ต้อง

tɔ̂ɔng — must, have to, be required to do something

อดทน

òt-thon — to endure, to be patient, to tolerate hardship

ไว้

wáy — to keep, to set aside; perfective aspect particle

นะ

ná — softening particle seeking agreement or softening tone

ที่รัก

thîi rák — dear, beloved, darling; term of endearment

พัศดี

phát-sa-dii — prison warden, chief jailer overseeing prisoners

สาม

sǎam — three, the number 3

เข้า

khâo — to enter, to go inside a place

มา

maa — to come, to arrive; directional verb toward speaker

เมื่อ

mûea — when, at the time that; temporal conjunction

ได้ยิน

dâi-yin — to hear, to perceive sound with ears

เสียง

sǐang — sound, voice, noise produced by something

ระฆัง

rá-khang — bell, a hollow metal instrument that rings

เธอ

thooe — she, her, you; second or third person pronoun

ตี

tii — to hit, strike, beat something or someone

พยักหน้า

phá-yák nâa — to nod one's head in agreement or acknowledgment

เห็น

hěn — to see, to notice, to perceive visually

ด้วย

dûay — also, too, with, by means of something

ความรู้สึก

khwaam-rúu-sùek — feeling, emotion, sensation experienced internally

และ

lɛ́ — and; conjunction connecting words or clauses

หนึ่ง

nùeng — one, the number 1; a, an (indefinite)

ได้

dâi — can, able to; past tense or resultative marker

เสริม

sǒem — to add, supplement, enhance or reinforce something

เพื่อ

phûea — in order to, for the purpose of something

ความรัก

khwaam rák — love, affection, deep emotional attachment

ใน

nai — in, inside, within a place or time

เสรีภาพ

sěe-rîi-phâap — freedom, liberty, the right to act freely

ฟัง

fang — to listen, to pay attention to sounds

ดู

duu — to look, to watch, to observe something

เหมือน

mǔean — like, similar to, resembling something else

บทสรุป

bòt sà-rùp — conclusion, summary, final statement of key points

ไม่

mâi — not, no; negation particle for verbs/adjectives

เหมาะสม

mɔ̀-sǒm — appropriate, suitable, fitting for a situation

สถานที่

sà-thǎan thîi — place, location, a specific site or venue

เรือนจำ

rueanjam — prison, penitentiary, facility housing convicted criminals

เป็น

pen — to be, to become; linking verb in Thai

มืดหม่น

mûet-mòn — gloomy, dim and dreary, depressingly dark atmosphere

มืด

mûet — dark, lacking light; said of a place or time

ทึบ

thúep — opaque, dense, solid; also dull or thick

สกปรก

sòk-ka-pròk — dirty, filthy, unclean, covered with grime

มี

mii — to have, there is/are, to exist

กลิ่น

klìn — smell, odor, scent emanating from something

เหม็น

měn — to stink, to smell bad, having foul odor

อัน

an — classifier for various objects; also 'a certain'

น่า

nâa — worth, deserving; prefix indicating something evokes feeling

สยดสยอง

sà-yòt-sà-yɔɔng — horrifying, terrifying, causing extreme dread and fear

การ

kaan — action, process; nominalizing prefix for verbs

นอนหลับ

nɔɔn-làp — to sleep, to be in a state of slumber

เน่า

nâo — rotten, decayed, decomposed due to age or bacteria

ภายใน

phaai-nai — inside, within, interior of something

เรื่อง

rûeang — story, matter, topic, subject being discussed

ประหลาดใจ

prà-làat-jai — to be surprised, astonished, amazed by something

ใด

dai — any, which; interrogative or relative pronoun

รังเกียจ

rang-kìat — to dislike, to object to, to find disgusting

คุมขัง

khum-khǎng — to imprison, to detain, to confine someone

ปรากฏ

praa-kòt — to appear, to emerge, to become visible or known

อย่าง

yàang — manner, way, kind; adverbial modifier particle

รวดเร็ว

rûat-rew — fast, quick, rapid, done with speed

ทุก

thúk — every, all, each without exception

เช่น

chên — such as, for example, like

ถูก

thùuk — correct; cheap; passive voice marker in Thai

ดูแล

duu-lɛɛ — to take care of, to look after someone

แย่

yɛ̂ɛ — bad, terrible, awful, in poor condition

ความลับ

khwaam-láp — secret, confidential information kept hidden from others

บ่น

bòn — to complain, to grumble, to mutter grievances

มอง

mɔɔng — to look at, to gaze, to direct eyes toward

ไป

pai — to go, to move away; directional away from speaker

กระดาษ

krà-dàat — paper, sheet used for writing or printing

เขียน

khǐan — to write, to inscribe letters or words

ราวกับ

raao-kàp — as if, as though, just like something

ฉัน

chǎn — I, me; first-person pronoun used by females

ยัง

yang — still, yet, also; continuative aspect marker

เต็ม

tem — full, completely filled, at maximum capacity

จน

jon — until, to the point of; also means poor

แน่น

nɛ̂n — tight, packed, firmly filled with no space

แล้ว

lɛ́ɛw — already, then, after that; completion marker

เสียบ

sìap — to insert, to stab or stick into something

บน

bon — on, on top of, above a surface

แฟ้ม

fɛ̂ɛm — file, folder used to store documents or papers

ความ

khwaam — nominalizing prefix creating abstract nouns from adjectives

อารมณ์เสีย

aa-rom sǐa — in a bad mood, upset, emotionally disturbed

รอ

rɔɔ — to wait, to remain until something happens

ตัดสินใจ

tàt-sǐn-jai — to decide, to make a decision or choice

ต่อไป

tɔ̀ɔ-pai — to continue, onwards, from now on, next

เวลา

wee-laa — time, a period or point in time

ครึ่ง

khrûeng — half, one part of two equal portions

ชั่วโมง

chûa-moong — hour, a unit of time equal to 60 minutes

บางครั้ง

baang-khráng — sometimes, occasionally, not always

เดิน

dooen — to walk, to move on foot

กลับไปกลับมา

klàp-pai-klàp-maa — to pace back and forth repeatedly

ห้อง

hɔ̂ɔng — room, an enclosed space within a building

โค้ง

khóong — curved, arched, bent in a curve

แข็งแรง

khɛ̌ng-rɛɛng — strong, sturdy, physically robust and healthy

นั่ง

nâng — to sit, to be in a seated position

พัก

phák — to rest, to take a break, to pause

ม้านั่ง

máa-nâng — bench, a long seat for multiple people

หิน

hǐn — stone, rock; hard mineral material

ทั้งสอง

tháng sɔ̌ɔng — both, the two together as a pair

กรณี

kɔɔ-ra-nii — case, instance, situation under consideration

กักตัว

kàk-tua — to quarantine, to detain, to isolate a person

ให้

hâi — to give, to allow, to cause; causative particle

ประทับ

prà-tháp — to stamp, to impress; also to reside royally

ความทรงจำ

khwaam-song-jam — memory, recollection of past experiences

หัวหน้า

hǔa-nâa — leader, boss, head of a group or organization

ผู้ใต้บังคับบัญชา

phûu-tâi-bang-khàp-ban-chaa — subordinate, person under another's authority or command

เถิด

thoet — go ahead, please do; encouraging particle

พูด

phûut — to speak, to talk, to say something

ที่สุด

thîi-sùt — most, the superlative degree; the extreme end

พร้อม

phrɔ́ɔm — ready, prepared, complete with everything needed

หยิบ

yìp — to pick up, to take with fingers

กุญแจ

kun-jɛɛ — key, a tool used to lock or unlock

ผู้อพยพ

phûu àp-pha-yóp — emigrant, migrant, person who has moved countries

ผ่าน

phàan — to pass through, to go by something

แสงสลัว

sɛ̌ɛng sà-lua — dim light, faint glow providing little illumination

หดหู่

hòt-hùu — depressed, downcast, feeling sad and discouraged

นักโทษ

nák-thôot — prisoner, convict, person serving a sentence

ใหม่

mài — new, fresh, recent, not previously encountered

ติดตาม

tìt-taam — to follow, to track, to pursue someone or something

ตาม

taam — to follow, according to, along with

ทางเดิน

thaang-dooen — corridor, walkway, passage for walking through

บันได

ban-dai — stairs, staircase, steps between floors

ประตู

prà-tuu — door, gate, entrance to a room or building

หลาย

lǎai — many, several, a large number of

บาน

baan — classifier for doors/windows; also means to bloom

ดัง

dang — loud, making a strong sound; also famous

กังวาน

kang-waan — resonant, echoing, having a loud ringing sound

ล็อก

lɔ́k — to lock, to secure with a lock

ด้าน

dâan — side, aspect, face of an object or issue

หลัง

lǎng — back, behind, after; rear side of something

พวกเขา

phûak-khǎo — they, them; third-person plural pronoun

กระทั่ง

krà-thâng — until, even, up to the point of something

มาถึง

maa-thǔeng — to arrive at, to reach a destination

ขนาดใหญ่

khà-nàat-yài — large size, big, of considerable dimensions

เพดาน

phee-daan — ceiling, the overhead surface of a room

ต่ำ

tàm — low, not high, below normal level

ขนัด

khà-nàt — dense, closely packed together, cramped

เพศ

phêet — gender, sex; biological classification of male or female