A Tale of Two Cities — Page 24

Vocabulary

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', linking words or clauses.

พวกเขา

phuak khao — Third-person plural pronoun meaning 'they' or 'them'.

ลูกหลาน

luuk laan — Descendants, offspring, or future generations of a family.

ของ

khong — Preposition or particle indicating possession or belonging.

จน

jon — Until, up to a point; also means 'poor' in other contexts.

ถึง

thueng — Preposition meaning 'to', 'until', or 'reaching a place'.

คน

khon — Person or people; classifier for human beings.

สุดท้าย

sut thaai — Last, final, or ultimate in a sequence.

แห่ง

haeng — Classifier or preposition for places, locations, or sources.

วงศ์วาน

wong waan — Lineage, clan, or extended family bloodline.

ข้าพเจ้า

khaa phajao — Formal first-person pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'.

นักโทษ

nak thot — Prisoner or convict held in a detention facility.

ผู้

phu — Prefix meaning 'person who' or 'one who does something'.

ทุกข์ระทม

thuk ratom — To suffer deeply; experiencing intense grief or anguish.

ใน

nai — Preposition meaning 'in', 'inside', or 'within'.

คืน

khueen — Night; also means 'to return' something in other contexts.

ปี

pii — Year; unit of time equal to twelve months.

ค.ศ.

kho so — Abbreviation for the Common Era (AD) calendar system.

นี้

nii — Demonstrative meaning 'this' or 'these', referring nearby.

ท่ามกลาง

thaam klaang — In the midst of; surrounded by or among something.

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizing prefix turning adjectives or verbs into nouns.

เจ็บปวด

jep puat — Pain, physical or emotional hurt or suffering.

ทรมาน

thoramaan — To torture or cause intense suffering; torment.

อัน

an — General classifier for objects; also an intensifying particle.

แสน

saen — Extremely, exceedingly; also the number one hundred thousand.

สาหัส

saahat — Severe, serious, or gravely dangerous in nature.

ขอ

kho — To request, ask for, or beg something from someone.

กล่าวโทษ

klaao thot — To accuse, blame, or make a charge against someone.

ต่อ

to — Against, toward, or in response to something or someone.

กาลเวลา

kaan weelaa — Time in its passage; the flow or course of time.

เมื่อ

mueea — When, at the time that a past event occurred.

สิ่ง

sing — Thing, object, or matter of any kind.

เหล่านี้

lao nii — Demonstrative plural meaning 'these things' or 'these ones'.

ทั้งหมด

thang mot — All, entirely, the whole amount or group.

จะ

ja — Future tense marker indicating something will happen.

ต้อง

tong — Must, have to; expressing necessity or obligation.

ได้รับ

daai rap — To receive, obtain, or be given something.

การ

kaan — Nominalizing prefix for actions or processes; 'the act of'.

ตอบสนอง

top sanong — To respond, answer, or react to something.

สวรรค์

sawan — Heaven, paradise; a divine realm above the earth.

แผ่นดิน

phaen din — The land, earth, or nation; terrestrial ground.

เสียง

siang — Sound, voice, or noise produced by something.

น่า

naa — Prefix expressing that something is worthy of a feeling.

สยดสยอง

sayot sayong — Horrifying, terrifying, causing fear and revulsion.

ได้

daai — Auxiliary indicating ability, permission, or past completion.

ดัง

dang — Loud, resounding; also means 'famous' in another context.

ขึ้น

khuen — Up, upward; directional particle indicating rising or increase.

อ่าน

aan — To read written text or documents.

เอกสาร

eekasaan — Document, official paper, or written record.

สิ้นสุด

sin sut — To end, conclude, or come to a finish.

ลง

long — Down, downward; directional particle indicating decrease or completion.

อยากได้

yaak daai — To want to have or obtain something eagerly.

กระหาย

krahaai — To thirst for; crave intensely, as water or revenge.

ที่

thii — Relative pronoun, place marker, or classifier for locations.

ไม่มี

mai mii — There is not; to not have or lack something.

สิ่งใด

sing dai — Anything, whatever; any thing at all.

ชัดเจน

chat jeen — Clear, distinct, obvious, or unambiguous in meaning.

นั้น

nan — Demonstrative meaning 'that' or 'those', referring to something distant.

นอกจาก

nok jaak — Except for, besides, or other than something mentioned.

เลือด

lueat — Blood; the red fluid circulating in living bodies.

เรื่องราว

rueang raao — Story, narrative, or account of events.

ปลุกเร้า

pluk rao — To arouse, stir up, or incite strong feelings.

อารมณ์

aarom — Emotion, mood, or feeling experienced internally.

แก้แค้น

kae khaen — To take revenge; to retaliate for a past wrong.

รุนแรง

run raeng — Violent, intense, severe, or extreme in force.

ที่สุด

thii sut — The most; superlative marker indicating the highest degree.

ยุคสมัย

yuk samai — Era, age, or period of historical time.

หัว

hua — Head; the top part of the body or an object.

ใด

dai — Which, any, or whichever; used in questions or relative clauses.

ชาติ

chaat — Nation, country, or ethnic group; also means 'birth' or 'life'.

ไม่

mai — Negation particle meaning 'not' or 'no'.

โน้ม

noom — To incline, bend toward, or lean in a direction.

ต่อหน้า

to naa — In front of, before the presence of someone.

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for non-human or informal use.

แทบ

thaep — Almost, nearly, barely; just short of something.

จำเป็น

jampen — Necessary, essential, or required under the circumstances.

อธิบาย

athibaai — To explain, describe, or clarify something in detail.

ศาล

saan — Court of law; a judicial institution or tribunal.

ผู้ฟัง

phu fang — Listener, audience member, or one who listens.

เหล่านั้น

lao nan — Those; plural demonstrative referring to distant things or people.

ว่า

waa — Complementizer meaning 'that'; introduces a reported statement.

พวก

phuak — Group, gang, or collective of people; plural marker.

ไม่ได้

mai daai — Cannot, did not, or was unable to do something.

เปิดเผย

poet phoei — To reveal, disclose, or make something publicly known.

สาธารณะ

saatharana — Public, open to all, or belonging to the community.

พร้อมกับ

phrom kap — Together with, along with, or accompanied by.

ที่ระลึก

thii raleuk — Souvenir or memorial; something kept as a remembrance.

อื่นๆ

ueen ueen — Others, other things, or additional items of the same type.

จาก

jaak — From; indicating origin, source, or starting point.

ถูก

thuuk — Passive marker; also means 'correct' or 'cheap'.

ยึด

yuet — To seize, confiscate, or take hold of something forcibly.

ซึ่ง

sueng — Relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'that' in a clause.

แห่

hae — To parade, march in procession; form a moving crowd.

ขบวน

khabuan — Procession, convoy, or organized group moving together.

เก็บ

kep — To keep, collect, store, or put something away.

ไว้

wai — Particle indicating keeping or maintaining something in place.

รอ

ro — To wait, await, or stay until something happens.

เวลา

weelaa — Time; a period or moment in which events occur.

เหมาะสม

mo som — Appropriate, suitable, or fitting for a situation.

แสดง

sadaeng — To show, display, perform, or demonstrate something.

ให้

hai — To give; also a causative marker meaning 'to cause to'.

เห็น

hen — To see, perceive, or notice something visually.

นามสกุล

naam sakun — Surname or family name inherited through ancestry.

เป็น

pen — To be; linking verb indicating identity or state.

เกลียดชัง

kliat chang — To hate intensely, despise, or detest someone or something.

แช่งสาป

chaeng saap — To curse, put a curse on, or damn someone.

โดย

doi — By, by means of; indicates agent or method.

ย่าน

yaan — District, neighborhood, or area within a city.

มา

maa — To come; also a directional particle indicating movement toward speaker.

นาน

naan — Long in duration; for a lengthy period of time.

แล้ว

laeo — Already; indicates completion of an action or event.

บันทึก

banthuek — Record, note, or written account of something.

ทะเบียน

thabian — Register, official list, or record of information.

ความตาย

khwaam taai — Death; the state of having ceased to live.

ชาย

chaai — Man, male person; the masculine gender.

เคย

khoei — Auxiliary indicating past experience or habitual past action.

เหยียบ

yiap — To step on, tread upon, or trample something underfoot.

คุณงามความดี

khun ngaam khwaam dii — Virtue, goodness, and merit accumulated through good deeds.

การกระทำ

kaan kratham — Action, deed, or act carried out by someone.

เขา

khao — He, she, him, her; third-person singular pronoun.

สามารถ

saamat — To be able to, can; expressing capability or ability.

ค้ำจุน

kham jun — To support, prop up, or sustain someone or something.

สถานที่

sathaan thii — Place, location, or site where something exists.

วัน

wan — Day; a 24-hour period of time.

ต่อต้าน

to taan — To oppose, resist, or stand against something.

เช่นนั้น

chen nan — Like that, in that manner, or such as that.

ยิ่ง

ying — Even more, increasingly; intensifier for comparisons.

เลวร้าย

leo raai — Terrible, awful, or very bad in quality or character.

มาก

maak — Much, many, very; indicating a large degree or quantity.

สำหรับ

samrap — For; indicating purpose, intended recipient, or beneficiary.

กำหนด

kamnot — To determine, set, or designate a rule or deadline.

ชะตากรรม

chataa kam — Fate, destiny, or one's predetermined lot in life.

พลเมือง

phon mueang — Citizen, civilian, or member of a nation or state.

รู้จัก

ruu jak — To know or be acquainted with a person or thing.

ดี

dii — Good, fine, or of high quality; positive evaluation.

เพื่อน

phueuan — Friend, companion, or close associate.

สนิท

sanit — Close, intimate, or having a tight relationship.

เอง

eeng — Self, oneself; emphatic particle emphasizing the subject.

พ่อ

pho — Father; male parent in a family.

ภรรยา

phanraya — Wife; a female spouse in a marriage.

หนึ่ง

nueng — One; the cardinal number 1.

ปรารถนา

praat thanaa — To desire, wish for, or long for something deeply.

คลั่งไคล้

khlang khlai — To be obsessed with, crazy about, or fanatically devoted.

ประชาชน

prachaa chon — The people, populace, or general public of a nation.

คือ

khue — Is, are; equative verb defining or identifying something.

เลียนแบบ

lian baep — To imitate, copy, or model after someone or something.

คุณธรรม

khun tham — Virtue, moral principle, or ethical quality.

สงสัย

song sai — To doubt, be suspicious of, or feel uncertain about.

ยุค

yuk — Era, epoch, or distinct period of historical time.

โบราณ

boraan — Ancient, antique, or belonging to an old era.

เพื่อ

phuea — In order to, for the purpose of; expressing intention.

สังเวย

sangwei — To sacrifice, offer as a ritual offering to spirits.

เสียสละ

siia sala — To sacrifice or give up something for others' benefit.

ตนเอง

ton eeng — Oneself; reflexive pronoun referring back to the subject.

บน

bon — On, on top of, or above a surface.

แท่นบูชา

thaen buuchaa — Altar; a raised platform used for worship or sacrifice.