A Tale of Two Cities — Page 17

Vocabulary

ตราบใด

traap dai — as long as; for whatever duration of time

ที่

thîi — at, which, that; relative pronoun or place marker

คุณ

khun — you; polite second-person pronoun

ไม่

mâi — not; general negation particle

รู้

rúu — to know; to be aware of something

ว่า

wâa — that; introduces a subordinate clause or quote

พวก

phûak — group, bunch; plural marker for people

เขา

khǎo — he, she, they; third-person pronoun

อยู่

yùu — to be located; to stay, to reside

ใน

nai — in, inside, within a place

ห้อง

hông — room; an enclosed space inside a building

นั้น

nán — that; distal demonstrative pronoun or adjective

หรือ

rǔu — or; used to connect alternatives or ask questions

ก็

gôr — also, then; discourse particle showing continuation

แน่ใจ

nâe jai — to be certain, sure, confident about something

จะ

jà — will, going to; future tense marker

ทำ

tham — to do, make, perform an action

อะไร

à-rai — what; interrogative pronoun for things

พูด

phûut — to speak, talk, say something

กับ

gàp — with, and; preposition linking people or things

ตัว

tua — body, self; classifier for animals and objects

เอง

eeng — oneself; reflexive intensifier particle

และ

láe — and; conjunction connecting words or clauses

เรื่อง

rûang — matter, story, topic, issue to discuss

หาก

hàak — if, provided that; conditional conjunction

ฉัน

chǎn — I, me; first-person pronoun, informal female

สามารถ

sǎa-mâat — to be able to, capable of doing something

ป้องกัน

bpông-gan — to protect, defend, prevent from harm

ให้

hâi — to give; causative marker; for, in order to

ได้

dâai — can, could; to get, obtain; success marker

ออก

òok — to go out, exit, come out of a place

ไป

bpai — to go; directional particle indicating away

จาก

jàak — from; indicating origin or separation point

นี่

nîi — this, here; proximal demonstrative pronoun

ตราบ

traap — until, as long as; temporal boundary marker

ยัง

yang — still, yet; also used for ongoing actions

ยึด

yúut — to seize, hold, grip, or occupy firmly

ไว้

wái — to keep, hold in place; aspectual retention marker

มา

maa — to come; directional particle indicating toward speaker

บน

bon — on top of, above a surface

ท้อง

thóng — stomach, belly, abdomen; also means pregnant

ถนน

thà-nǒn — road, street; a paved path for vehicles

ตั้งแต่

dtâng-dtàe — since, from a particular point in time

ต้น

dtôn — beginning, origin; also means tree or stalk

มี

mii — to have, there is, there are

สิ่ง

sìng — thing, object, matter, something abstract or concrete

ใด

dai — any, whichever; indefinite or interrogative modifier

หยุด

yùt — to stop, halt, cease an action

ฉีก

chîik — to tear, rip something apart forcefully

เป็น

bpen — to be; indicating state, identity, or result

ชิ้นๆ

chín chín — pieces, fragments; reduplication meaning into small pieces

พา

phaa — to bring, lead, take someone somewhere

ประตู

bprà-dtuu — door, gate; entrance or exit of a building

กล่าว

glàao — to say, state, remark; formal speech verb

เรา

rao — we, us, I; first-person pronoun

สอง

sǒong — two; the number 2

คน

khon — person, people; classifier for humans

ชั้น

chán — floor, level, story of a building

สุด

sùt — most, utmost, extreme end or limit

ของ

khǒong — of, belonging to; possessive particle

บ้าน

bâan — house, home; one's place of residence

สูง

sǔung — tall, high; having great vertical measurement

ลาน

laan — courtyard, open yard, plaza area

เงียบ

ngîap — quiet, silent, hushed; absence of sound

สงัด

sà-ngàt — very quiet, still, completely silent and deserted

น่า

nâa — worthy of, likely to; makes adjectives into desirability

ใคร

khrai — who, whoever, anyone; interrogative pronoun for people

ยิน

yin — to hear, to be pleased; used in set phrases

ขอ

khǒr — to request, ask for, beg something

พร

phon — blessing, wish, divine grace or favor

กำลัง

gam-lang — strength, power; progressive aspect marker (currently doing)

กาย

gaai — body, physical form of a person

เพื่อ

phûua — in order to, for the purpose of

ขณะ

khà-nà — moment, while, at the time of

ทุก

thúk — every, all, each; universal quantifier

นาที

naa-thii — minute; unit of time equal to 60 seconds

ค่า

khâa — value, worth, cost, fee, price

แสน

sǎen — one hundred thousand; also means extremely, very much

สำหรับ

sǎm-ràp — for, intended for, in regard to someone

รัก

rák — to love, to be fond of someone

มุ่ง

mûng — to aim toward, head for, focus on

หน้า

nâa — face; front; next; page

ตาม

taam — to follow, according to, along with

สัญชาตญาณ

sǎn-châat-yaan — instinct; innate natural impulse or intuition

คว้า

khwâa — to grab, snatch, seize quickly with hand

เอว

eeo — waist; the narrow middle part of the body

เธอ

thoe — she, her, you; pronoun used informally

ด้วย

dûay — also, too, with; indicates inclusion or accompaniment

แขน

khǎen — arm; the limb from shoulder to hand

ทั้ง

tháng — both, all, entire; inclusive quantifier

ข้าง

khâang — side; beside, next to something

จับ

jàp — to grab, hold, catch, arrest someone

แน่น

nâen — tight, firm, secure; held without loosening

การ

gaan — action, process, act; nominalizing prefix for verbs

ดิ้น

dîn — to wriggle, squirm, struggle to get free

รน

ron — to be restless, struggle anxiously to escape

ต่อสู้

dtòr-sûu — to fight, struggle, resist, battle against something

ไร้

rái — without, lacking, devoid of something

ผล

phǒn — result, outcome, fruit; effect of an action

ความ

khwaam — abstract nominalizing prefix; condition, quality, or state

เหนียว

nǐao — sticky, tough, tenacious; hard to break or separate

อัน

an — classifier for small objects; one, a thing

แข็งแกร่ง

khǎeng-graeng — strong, tough, robust; having great physical strength

ซึ่ง

sûng — which, that; relative pronoun linking clauses

เข้มแข็ง

khêm-khǎeng — resilient, strong, firm in character or resolve

กว่า

gwàa — more than, compared to; comparative particle

เกลียด

glìat — to hate, detest, strongly dislike someone or something

ชัง

chang — to hate, loathe; strong feeling of aversion

เสมอ

sà-mǒe — always, consistently; equal, level, the same

กอด

gòot — to hug, embrace, hold someone close

ยก

yók — to lift, raise, carry upward

ขึ้น

khûen — up, upward; directional particle indicating rising

พื้น

phúun — floor, ground, surface; base area underfoot

เกิด

gòet — to happen, occur; to be born

มือ

muue — hand; the part of the body below the wrist

ตบ

dtòp — to slap, pat, hit with an open hand

ข่วน

khùan — to scratch with nails or claws

ใบ

bai — leaf; classifier for flat objects; face informally

แต่

dtàe — but, however; introduces a contrasting clause

ก้ม

gôm — to bow, lower, bend the head downward

หัว

hǔa — head; top, front, or leader of something

ลง

long — down, downward; directional particle indicating descent

เกาะ

gòr — to cling, hold on to; also means island

ติด

dtìt — to stick, attach, be connected; to be addicted

แรง

raeng — strong, hard, forceful; strength or force

ยิ่ง

yîng — even more, increasingly; intensifier for comparisons

หญิง

yǐng — woman, female; a female person

จม

jom — to sink, submerge, drown in liquid

น้ำ

náam — water; liquid; also used in compound words