A Tale of Two Cities — Page 8

Vocabulary

เรา

rao — We, us, or I (first person pronoun)

คือ

khue — Is, are; used to define or identify something

การ

gaan — A prefix nominalizing verbs; act or process of

ฟื้น

fuen — To revive, recover, or regain consciousness

คืน

khuen — Night; or to return something back

ชีพ

cheep — Life, existence (formal or literary term)

และ

lae — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses

ชีวิต

chee-wit — Life; one's existence or living being

พระเจ้า

phra-jao — God; a deity or supreme divine being

ตรัส

trat — To speak (used for royalty or God)

ว่า

waa — That; introduces reported speech or a clause

ผู้

phuu — Person who; a prefix meaning 'one who does'

ที่

thii — That, which; relative pronoun or place marker

เชื่อ

chuea — To believe, trust, or have faith in

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place or context

แม้

mae — Even though, even if; concessive conjunction

เขา

khao — He, she, they; third person pronoun

จะ

ja — Will, going to; future tense marker

ตาย

taai — To die; to be dead or cease living

แล้ว

laeo — Already; indicates completed action or 'then'

ก็

gaw — Also, then, so; soft connective particle

มี

mii — To have; to exist or possess something

อยู่

yuu — To be (located); ongoing action marker

ใด

dai — Any, which; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

ไม่

mai — No, not; general negation particle

วัน

wan — Day; a unit of time, one calendar day

เลย

loei — At all, ever; intensifies negation or surprise

เสียง

siang — Sound, voice, noise produced by something

พึมพำ

phuem-pham — To murmur, mutter quietly under one's breath

ของ

khawng — Of, belonging to; possessive particle

มากมาย

maak-maai — Many, numerous, a great deal of something

เงย

ngoei — To raise one's face or head upward

หน้า

naa — Face; front side; next (as in next page)

ผู้คน

phuu-khon — People, folks; a group of persons

ก้าว

gaao — Step, stride; to take a step forward

เดิน

doen — To walk; to move on foot

เท้า

thao — Foot, feet; the lower extremity of the leg

หลาย

laai — Many, several, numerous (modifier for quantity)

คู่

khuu — Pair, couple; two matching things or people

ขอบ

khaawp — Edge, border, rim of something

ฝูงชน

fuung-chon — Crowd, throng; a large group of people

จน

jon — Until; poor (destitute); up to a point

พุ่ง

phueng — To surge, dart, or shoot forward rapidly

ไป

pai — To go; away from the speaker

ข้างหน้า

khaang-naa — Ahead, in front; the forward direction

เป็น

pen — To be; indicates state or identity

ก้อน

gawn — Lump, mass, chunk of solid material

ดุจ

dut — Like, as if; literary comparative particle

ดัง

dang — Like, as; loud; as in comparison (literary)

คลื่น

khluen — Wave; undulating movement of water or energy

น้ำ

naam — Water; liquid essential for life

ลูก

luuk — Child; offspring; also a classifier for round objects

ใหญ่

yai — Big, large, great in size or importance

ทุก

thuk — Every, all; each without exception

สิ่ง

sing — Thing, object, matter; a general noun

เหล่านั้น

lao-nan — Those; plural demonstrative referring to mentioned items

เลือน

luean — To fade, blur, become indistinct or dim

หาย

haai — To disappear, vanish; to recover from illness

พริบตา

phrib-taa — Blink of an eye; an instant, very briefly

ยี่สิบ

yii-sip — Twenty; the number 20

สาม

saam — Three; the number 3

พูด

phuut — To speak, talk, say something

ถึง

thueng — To reach, arrive at; until; about (a topic)

ทั่ว

thua — Throughout, all over, everywhere

เมือง

mueang — City, town, country; a populated settlement

นั้น

nan — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant

นั่น

nan — That (emphatic); pointing to a specific thing

ใบหน้า

bai-naa — Face; the front part of the head

ชาย

chaai — Man, male; edge or bank of water

สงบ

sa-ngop — Calm, peaceful, quiet, tranquil

ที่สุด

thii-sut — Most, the utmost; superlative degree marker

เท่า

thao — Equal to, as much as; equivalent amount

เคย

khoei — Ever, used to; past habitual experience marker

ได้

dai — Can, able to; did (past marker); obtained

พบ

phop — To meet, encounter, find someone or something

เห็น

hen — To see, to perceive visually

ณ

na — At, in (formal/literary preposition of location)

แห่ง

haeng — Place, location; classifier for places (formal)

คน

khon — Person, people; classifier for humans

กล่าว

glaao — To say, state, mention (formal register)

เพิ่มเติม

phoem-toem — Additionally, to add more, supplementary information

ดู

duu — To look, watch, observe something

สูงส่ง

suung-song — Lofty, noble, elevated in status or character

พยากรณ์

pha-yaa-gawn — To prophesy, predict, forecast future events

หนึ่ง

nueng — One; the number 1; a single item

ต้อง

tawng — Must, have to; necessity or obligation

ทน

thon — To endure, tolerate, bear hardship patiently

ทุกข์

thuk — Suffering, misery, distress (Buddhist concept)

อย่าง

yaang — Way, manner, kind; in the manner of

น่า

naa — Worth, worthy of; makes adjectives into impressions

จดจำ

jot-jam — To remember, memorize, keep in mind

ด้วย

duai — With, also, too; by means of something

ขวาน

khwaan — Axe; a chopping tool with a metal blade

เดียวกัน

diao-gan — The same; identical, one and the same

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which, that; relative pronoun in formal writing

สตรี

sa-trii — Woman, female (formal or literary term)

ขอร้อง

khaw-rawng — To beg, plead, make an earnest request

เชิง

choeng — Base, foot of; in the manner of (abstract)

นาน

naan — Long (time); for a long duration

ก่อน

gawn — Before, first, prior to something else

ให้

hai — To give; to allow; causative verb marker

อนุญาต

a-nu-yaat — To permit, allow, grant official permission

เธอ

thoe — She, her, you (informal for females)

บันทึก

ban-thuek — To record, note down; a written record

ความคิด

khwaam-khit — Thought, idea, opinion, thinking

หลั่ง

lang — To pour out, shed (tears, blood) freely

ไหล

lai — To flow, stream, run (liquid movement)

ออกมา

awk-maa — To come out, emerge from inside something

ใจ

jai — Heart, mind; center of emotions and feelings

หาก

haak — If, should; conditional conjunction (formal)

เอ่ย

oei — To utter, begin to speak, mention gently

คำ

kham — Word; a unit of spoken or written language

คง

khong — Probably, likely; to remain, stay stable

นี้

nii — This; demonstrative pronoun for nearby objects

ข้าพเจ้า

khaa-pha-jao — I, me (very formal first-person pronoun)

คลาย

khlaai — To loosen, relax, release tension or tightness

แก้แค้น

gae-khaen — To take revenge, get back at someone

คณะ

kha-na — Committee, group, faculty, panel of people

ลูกขุน

luuk-khun — Jury; a group deciding a legal verdict

พิพากษา

phi-phaak-saa — To judge, pass a verdict, adjudicate legally

แถว

thaeo — Row, line, queue of people or things

ยาว

yaao — Long; extended in length or duration

กดขี่

got-khii — To oppress, suppress, tyrannize over others

ใหม่

mai — New, fresh, recent; again (after verb)

ผงาด

pha-ngaat — To rise up proudly, stand tall with authority

ขึ้นมา

khuen-maa — To rise up, come up, emerge upward

จาก

jaak — From, away from; departing a place or source

ทำลายล้าง

tham-laai-laang — To destroy completely, annihilate, wipe out

เก่า

gao — Old, aged, worn; not new (for objects)

กำลัง

gam-lang — Strength, power; currently doing (progressive marker)

พินาศ

phi-naat — Ruin, destruction, collapse; to be destroyed utterly

เครื่องมือ

khrueang-mue — Tool, instrument, device used for a task

ลงโทษ

long-thot — To punish, penalize, impose a sentence

มัน

man — It; third person pronoun for things or animals

ยุติ

yu-ti — To end, cease, terminate, bring to conclusion

ใช้งาน

chai-ngaan — To use, operate, put to practical use

ปัจจุบัน

pat-ju-ban — Present, current, nowadays, the current time

ลง

long — To go down, descend; downward directional particle