A Tale of Two Cities — Page 6

Vocabulary

ช่าง

châang — craftsman, artisan; skilled worker in a trade

ซ่อม

sâwm — to repair or fix something broken

ถนน

thanǒn — road or street for travel

ก้ม

kôm — to bow or bend one's head downward

ตัว

tua — body; classifier for animals and objects

ลง

long — to go down, descend, or move lower

ข้างๆ

khâang khâang — beside, next to, on the side of

เขา

khǎo — he, she, they; third-person pronoun

พยายาม

phayaayaam — to try, attempt, or make an effort

แอบ

âep — to hide or do something secretly, stealthily

มอง

maawng — to look at or gaze upon something

อาวุธ

aawút — weapon or arms used in combat

ลับ

láp — secret, hidden; also to sharpen a blade

ที่

thîi — place, location; relative pronoun marker

ซ่อน

sâwn — to hide or conceal something from view

อยู่

yùu — to be, stay, or exist at a location

ใน

nai — in, inside, within a place or thing

อก

òk — chest, breast; the front of the torso

หรือ

rǔue — or; used to present alternatives or ask questions

ใด

dai — any, which; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

ก็

kâw — also, then; particle indicating continuation or concession

ตาม

taam — to follow; according to, in accordance with

แต่

tàe — but, however; introduces a contrasting clause

ไร้

rái — without, lacking, devoid of something

ผล

phǒn — result, outcome, effect; also fruit

เพราะ

phráw — because, since; gives reason for something

ชาย

chaai — male, man; also edge or shore of water

ผู้

phûu — person, one who; prefix indicating a doer

นั้น

nán — that, those; demonstrative pronoun for distant reference

นอน

naawn — to lie down or sleep

หลับ

làp — to be asleep; to fall asleep

โดย

dooi — by, by means of; indicates method or agent

กอด

kàwt — to hug or embrace someone affectionately

ไว้

wái — to keep, retain, or hold in place

แน่น

nâen — tight, firm, tightly packed or held

และ

láe — and; conjunction linking words or clauses

ดู

duu — to watch, look at, or observe something

แน่วแน่

nâeo nâe — steadfast, resolute, firmly determined in purpose

ไม่

mâi — not; negation particle in Thai sentences

แพ้

pháe — to lose, be defeated, or be allergic to

ริม

rim — edge, border, rim; beside a body of water

ฝีปาก

fǐi pàak — lips; also eloquence or skill in speaking

ของ

khǎawng — of, belonging to; possessive particle in Thai

เมือง

mueang — city, town, or country; settlement of people

มี

mii — to have, possess, or there is/are

ป้อม

pâwm — fort, fortress, or fortified defensive structure

ปราการ

praakaarn — rampart, fortification wall around a city

พร้อม

phráwm — ready, prepared; together with something or someone

รั้ว

rúa — fence or enclosure around a property

ไม้

máai — wood, timber; tree or wooden material

บ้าน

bâan — house, home; dwelling place for a family

ยาม

yaam — guard, watchman; a period or time of watch

ประตู

pratuu — door, gate, or entrance to a place

สนาม

sanǎam — field, ground, arena; open outdoor area

สะพาน

saphaан — bridge spanning a gap, river, or moat

ชัก

chák — to pull, draw, or hoist something upward

เหมือน

mǔean — like, similar to, resembling something else

จะ

jà — will, going to; future tense marker in Thai

เป็น

pen — to be, to exist as; indicates a state

เพียง

phiiang — only, merely, just; indicating a small amount

สาย

sǎai — late; also line, string, or strand of something

ลม

lom — wind, breeze; air movement in the atmosphere

เมื่อ

mûea — when, at the time that something occurred

เทียบ

thîap — to compare, measure against, or equate to

กับ

kàp — with, together with; also versus or against

บุคคล

búkkhon — person, individual, human being in formal context

นี้

níi — this, these; demonstrative pronoun for near reference

สายตา

sǎai taa — eyesight, vision; one's line of sight

เงย

ngoei — to raise or lift one's head upward

ตา

taa — eye; also maternal grandfather in Thai

จาก

jàak — from, away from; departing a place or person

ไป

pai — to go; directional particle indicating away from speaker

ยัง

yang — still, yet; also to, toward in some contexts

ขอบ

khàwp — edge, border, rim of something; also thank you

ฟ้า

fáa — sky; also light blue color of the sky

รอบๆ

râwp râwp — around, surrounding, all around an area

เห็น

hěn — to see, notice, or perceive visually

จินตนาการ

jintanaakaarn — imagination; the ability to form mental images

อัน

an — classifier for small objects; that, which (relative)

น้อย

náwi — little, few, small in quantity or degree

นิด

nít — a tiny bit, a very small amount

ตน

ton — oneself; reflexive pronoun referring to oneself

ซึ่ง

sûeng — which, that; relative pronoun connecting clauses

ลักษณะ

láksanà — characteristic, feature, quality, or trait of something

เดียวกัน

diao kan — same, identical; the very same one

สิ่ง

sìng — thing, object, matter; general classifier for things

ขัดขวาง

khàt khwǎang — to obstruct, hinder, or block someone's path

ได้

dâi — can, able to; also past tense marker

มุ่ง

mûng — to aim at, head toward, or be intent on

หน้า

nâa — face; front; next; page

สู่

sùu — toward, to; indicates direction or movement toward goal

ศูนย์กลาง

sǔun klaang — center, central point of something

ทั่ว

thûa — throughout, all over, everywhere across an area

ทั้ง

tháng — all, both, entire; inclusive of everything mentioned

ฝรั่งเศส

Faràng sèt — France; the European country of France

คง

khong — probably, likely; to remain stable or steady

ต่อ

tàw — against, toward; to continue or connect to something

ฝน

fǒn — rain; precipitation falling from the sky

ลูก

lûuk — child, offspring; also a classifier for round objects

ช่วง

chûang — period, span, interval of time or space

เวลา

weelaa — time; a period or moment in time

แห่ง

hàeng — classifier for places; of, at a specific place

แสง

sǎeng — light, beam of light, ray of illumination

สว่าง

sawàang — bright, luminous; well-lit by light

แสงแดด

sǎeng dàet — sunlight; the light radiating from the sun

ส่อง

sàwng — to shine, illuminate, or beam light onto something

เงา

ngao — shadow, shade, reflection cast by blocking light

มืด

mûet — dark, without light; darkness of night

ก้อน

kâwn — lump, block, chunk; classifier for solid masses

น้ำแข็ง

náam khǎeng — ice; frozen water in solid form

ละลาย

lalǎai — to melt, dissolve; solid becoming liquid from heat

บน

bon — on top of, above, upper surface of something

ร่างกาย

râang kaai — body; the physical form of a person

เปลี่ยน

plìan — to change, alter, or transform something

ให้

hâi — to give; causative particle making someone do something

กลาย

klaai — to become, turn into, transform into something else

จน

jon — until; also poor, impoverished financially

กระทั่ง

krathâng — until, up to; even, as far as a point

ดวง

duang — orb, celestial body; classifier for sun, moon, stars

อาทิตย์

aathít — sun; also week in everyday Thai usage

ต่ำ

tàm — low, beneath, at a reduced height or level

ทาง

thaang — way, path, direction, route to a destination

ทิศ

thít — direction, compass point such as north or south

ตะวันตก

tawantòk — west; the westward compass direction

ท้องฟ้า

tháwng fáa — sky; the expanse of atmosphere above the earth

เก็บ

kèp — to collect, gather, store, or put away

เครื่องมือ

khrûeang muu — tool, instrument, equipment used for a task

เตรียม

triam — to prepare, get ready for something upcoming

ทุก

thúk — every, all, each; refers to every instance

อย่าง

yàang — kind, type, manner; in the way of something

หมู่บ้าน

mùu bâan — village; a small rural community of homes

แล้ว

láew — already, then; indicates completion of an action

ปลุก

plùk — to wake someone up from sleep

ตื่น

tùen — to wake up, be awake; alert and roused

ดี

dii — good, fine, well; positive quality or condition

กำลัง

kamlang — currently, in the process of; also strength, power

กล่าว

klàao — to say, speak, or state formally

ขึ้น

khûen — to go up, rise; directional particle upward

ด้วย

dûai — also, too, with; together or by means of

ข้อ

khâw — joint of the body; item, clause, or point

ศอก

sàwk — elbow; joint connecting upper and lower arm

สอง

sǎawng — two; the number 2

เลย

loei — at all, ever; also so, therefore, just past

ยอด

yâwt — top, peak, tip; also excellent or outstanding

ประมาณ

pramaan — approximately, about, roughly a certain amount

เดิน

doen — to walk, go on foot from place to place

กลับ

klàp — to return, go back to a previous place

ฝุ่น

fùn — dust; fine dry particles of matter in air

พัด

phát — to blow, fan; wind blowing or a hand fan

นำ

nam — to lead, bring, or guide someone somewhere

ทิศทาง

thítthaang — direction, course, orientation toward a destination

ช้า

cháa — slow, slowly; moving at a reduced speed

มา

maa — to come; directional particle toward the speaker

ถึง

thǔeng — to arrive at, reach; until, as far as

น้ำพุ

náam phú — fountain; a jet or spring of water

เอง

eeng — oneself, by oneself; self-referential emphasis particle

เข้า

khâo — to enter, go into; directional particle inward

หมู่

mùu — group, cluster, community; a set of things

วัว

wua — cow, bull, cattle; a domestic bovine animal

ผอม

phǎawm — thin, slim, skinny; lacking sufficient body weight

ถูก

thùuk — to be hit; cheap; passive marker in Thai

พา

phaa — to take, lead, bring someone along somewhere

ดื่ม

dùem — to drink a liquid beverage

น้ำ

náam — water; liquid; also used for various fluids

แม้แต่

máe tàe — even, not even; used for emphasis in negatives

กระซิบ

krasíp — to whisper quietly into someone's ear

บอก

bàwk — to tell, inform, or say something to someone

พวก

phûak — group, gang, bunch of people or things

มัน

man — it; informal third-person pronoun for things or animals

การ

kaan — action, process; nominalizing prefix for activities

คน

khon — person, people; human being or classifier for people