A Tale of Two Cities — Page 14

Vocabulary

เขา

khao — He, she, or they (third person pronoun).

รู้ดี

ruu dii — To know well, be fully aware of something.

ว่า

waa — That (conjunction introducing a clause or quote).

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place or context.

ความรัก

khwaam rak — Love, romantic or affectionate feeling toward someone.

ที่

thii — At, which, that; relative pronoun or place marker.

มี

mii — To have, possess, or there is/are.

ต่อ

tɔɔ — Toward, against, per, or to continue something.

นั้น

nan — That, those; demonstrative pronoun referring to something.

การ

kaan — Nominalizing prefix indicating an action or process.

สละ

sa-la — To relinquish, give up, or sacrifice something willingly.

ทิ้ง

thing — To abandon, discard, or leave something behind.

สถานะ

sa-thaa-na — Status, position, or standing in society.

ทาง

thaang — Way, path, direction, or means of something.

สังคม

sang-khom — Society, social group, or community of people.

ของ

khɔɔng — Of, belonging to; possessive particle in Thai.

ตน

ton — Oneself; a reflexive pronoun referring to the subject.

แม้

mɛɛ — Even though, although; concessive conjunction in Thai.

จะ

ja — Will, going to; future tense marker in Thai.

ไม่ใช่

mai chai — Is not, not the case; negation of identity.

เรื่อง

rɯaŋ — Story, matter, topic, or issue being discussed.

ใหม่

mai — New, fresh, or recently introduced.

ความคิด

khwaam khit — Thought, idea, or opinion held by someone.

เลย

looei — At all, so, then; emphasizing word or conjunction.

แต่

tɛɛ — But, however; conjunction showing contrast or exception.

ก็

kɔɔ — Also, then, well; connective particle softening a statement.

เป็น

pen — To be, to have a condition or status.

สิ่ง

sing — Thing, object, or matter in a general sense.

กระทำ

kra-tham — To act, do, or commit an action deliberately.

ไป

pai — To go; also a directional or completion particle.

อย่าง

yaang — Manner, way, type; used to describe how something is done.

เร่งรีบ

reeng riip — To hurry, rush, or act with excessive haste.

และ

lɛ — And; conjunction connecting words, phrases, or clauses.

ไม่

mai — Not; general negation particle used before verbs.

สมบูรณ์

som-buun — Complete, perfect, or fully developed without deficiency.

รู้

ruu — To know, be aware of, or understand something.

ควร

khuuan — Should, ought to; expressing appropriateness or recommendation.

ได้

dai — Can, could, to get; ability or past tense marker.

ดำเนิน

dam-nəən — To proceed, carry out, or conduct an activity.

ดูแล

duu lɛɛ — To take care of, look after, or oversee something.

มัน

man — It; third person pronoun for things or animals.

ระบบ

ra-bop — System, method, or organized structure of operation.

ตั้งใจ

tang jai — To intend, be determined, or concentrate on something.

ทำ

tham — To do, make, or perform an action.

เช่น

chen — Such as, for example; introducing an illustration.

เคย

khooei — Used to, have ever; indicating past experience or habit.

ได้รับ

dai rap — To receive, obtain, or be given something.

ความสุข

khwaam suk — Happiness, joy, or a state of contentment.

บ้าน

baan — House, home, or one's place of residence.

อังกฤษ

ang-krit — England or English; referring to the country or language.

เลือก

lɯak — To choose, select, or make a decision between options.

เอง

eeng — Oneself, by oneself; emphasizing self-reference or independence.

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizing prefix forming abstract nouns from adjectives.

จำเป็น

jam-pen — Necessary, essential, or required for a situation.

ต้อง

tɔɔng — Must, have to; expressing obligation or necessity.

ทำงาน

tham ngaan — To work, to perform a job or task.

อยู่

yuu — To live, stay, reside; ongoing aspect marker.

เสมอ

sa-məə — Always, consistently, or equally without exception.

เปลี่ยนแปลง

plian plaeng — To change, transform, or undergo significant alteration.

รวดเร็ว

ruat reo — Fast, swift, or happening with great speed.

วุ่นวาย

wun waai — Chaotic, turbulent, or disorderly and confusing.

ยุค

yuk — Era, age, or period of historical time.

สมัย

sa-mai — Era, period, or time in history or fashion.

ตาม

taam — To follow, according to, or in pursuit of.

มา

maa — To come; also directional particle indicating toward speaker.

กัน

kan — Together, each other; reciprocal or collective particle.

จน

jon — Until, to the point that; indicating result or limit.

เหตุการณ์

het-kaan — Event, incident, or occurrence that takes place.

สัปดาห์

sap-daa — Week; a period of seven consecutive days.

นี้

nii — This, these; demonstrative pronoun for nearby things.

ทำลาย

tham laai — To destroy, damage, or ruin something completely.

แผนการ

phɛɛn kaan — Plan, scheme, or organized strategy for an action.

ยัง

yang — Still, yet, also; indicating continuation or addition.

สุกงอม

suk ngɔɔm — Fully ripe, mature, or perfectly ready for action.

แล้ว

lɛɛo — Already, then; completion marker or sequence connector.

ถัดไป

that pai — Next, following; referring to what comes afterward.

ทำให้

tham hai — To cause, make, or result in something happening.

ทุก

thuk — Every, all, each; indicating totality of a group.

เริ่มต้น

rəəm ton — To begin, start, or initiate something from scratch.

อีก

iik — Another, more, again; indicating repetition or addition.

ครั้ง

khrang — Time, instance, or occasion of an event occurring.

ยอม

yɔɔm — To yield, agree, or accept reluctantly.

จำนน

jam-non — To surrender, submit, or capitulate to a force.

แรง

rɛɛng — Strong, forceful; strength or force applied to something.

กดดัน

kot dan — To pressure, oppress, or put stress on someone.

สถานการณ์

sa-thaa-na-kaan — Situation, circumstance, or state of current affairs.

เหล่า

lao — Group of, those; classifier for people or animals.

โดย

dooi — By, through, via; indicating means or agent.

ปราศจาก

praat ja-jaak — Without, free from, lacking something entirely.

กังวลใจ

kang-won jai — To worry, feel anxious, or be mentally troubled.

คง

khong — Probably, likely, remain; expressing assumption or stability.

ต่อต้าน

tɔɔ taan — To resist, oppose, or stand against something.

ต่อเนื่อง

tɔɔ nɯang — Continuous, ongoing, or connected without interruption.

สะสม

sa-som — To accumulate, collect, or build up over time.

จับตา

jap taa — To watch closely, monitor, or keep an eye on.

มอง

mɔɔng — To look, gaze, or observe something visually.

กาล

kaan — Time, era, or tense in a literary or formal sense.

เวลา

wee-laa — Time, moment, or a specific period of the day.

เพื่อ

phɯa — For, in order to; indicating purpose of an action.

รอ

rɔɔ — To wait for someone or something to arrive.

แห่ง

hɛɛng — Of, place; classifier for locations or institutions.

ลงมือ

long mɯu — To take action, start doing, or get to work.

ดิ้นรน

din ron — To struggle, strive hard, or fight to survive.

ล่วงเลย

luang looei — To pass by, elapse, or go beyond a point.

ขุนนาง

khun naang — Nobleman, aristocrat, or member of the ruling class.

พากัน

phaa kan — To do something together as a group collectively.

อพยพ

op-pha-yop — To migrate, flee, or relocate from one place.

ออก

ɔɔk — Out, to exit, or move away from a place.

จาก

jaak — From, away from; indicating origin or departure point.

ฝรั่งเศส

fa-rang-set — France; the European country or French nationality.

เส้นทาง

sen thaang — Route, path, or road taken to reach a destination.

ทั้ง

thang — Both, all, entire; including everything in a set.

ถนน

tha-non — Road, street; a paved path for vehicle travel.

ใหญ่

yai — Large, big, or great in size or importance.

เล็ก

lek — Small, little, or minor in size or degree.

ทรัพย์สิน

sap sin — Property, assets, or material possessions one owns.

พวกเขา

phuak khao — They, them; third person plural pronoun in Thai.

กำลัง

kam-lang — Currently doing; progressive aspect marker or strength.

ถูก

thuuk — To be subject to an action; passive voice marker.

ริบ

rip — To confiscate, seize, or take away by authority.

แม้แต่

mɛɛ tɛɛ — Even, not even; emphasizing an extreme or minimal case.

ชื่อ

chɯu — Name; what a person or thing is called.

ลบ

lop — To erase, delete, or subtract; remove completely.

เลือน

lɯan — To fade, become blurred, or gradually disappear.

แก่

kɛɛ — To, for; indicating recipient, or old in age.

ตัว

tua — Body, self, or classifier for animals and clothing.

ดี

dii — Good, well, or of high quality and virtue.

พอๆ

phɔɔ phɔɔ — About the same, roughly equal in degree or amount.

กับ

kap — With, and, together; connecting nouns or showing accompaniment.

อำนาจ

am-naat — Power, authority, or official influence over others.

ใดๆ

dai dai — Any, whatsoever; indicating any member of a group.

หาก

haak — If, in case that; introducing a conditional clause.

นำ

nam — To lead, bring, or take something to a place.

ข้อ

khɔɔ — Point, item, clause, or article in a list.

กล่าวหา

klaao haa — To accuse, charge, or allege wrongdoing against someone.