A Tale of Two Cities — Page 15

Vocabulary

แต่

tàe — But, however; conjunction indicating contrast

เขา

khǎo — He, she, or they; third-person pronoun

ไม่เคย

mâi khoei — Never; indicating something has never occurred

กดขี่

kot khìi — To oppress, suppress, or tyrannize someone

ใคร

khrai — Who; anyone; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

สักคน

sak khon — Even one person; anyone at all

จำคุก

jam khúk — To imprison; to put someone in jail

อยู่

yùu — To be located; to stay or reside somewhere

ห่างไกล

hàang klai — Far away; distant from something or someone

จาก

jàak — From; away from a place or point

การ

kaan — Nominalization prefix indicating an action or process

บังคับ

bang-kháp — To force, compel, or impose on someone

เรียกเก็บ

rîak kèp — To collect or levy fees, taxes, or dues

สิทธิ์

sìt — Right, entitlement, or legal privilege

ที่

thîi — At, which; relative pronoun or place marker

พึง

phueng — Should, ought to; auxiliary indicating appropriateness

ได้

dâi — Can, could; to obtain or achieve something

ของ

khǎawng — Of, belonging to; possessive particle

ตน

ton — Oneself; reflexive pronoun referring to the subject

อย่าง

yàang — In a manner of; type or kind of something

รุนแรง

run-raeng — Severe, violent, intense; to a harsh degree

นัก

nák — Very, extremely; intensifier following adjective or verb

จน

jon — Until; poor; to the point that something occurs

ถึง

thǔeng — To reach; until; as far as a point

ขนาด

khanàat — Size, extent; to such a degree or measure

สละ

salà — To relinquish, give up, or sacrifice something

เหล่านั้น

lào nán — Those; plural demonstrative referring to previously mentioned items

ด้วย

dûai — Also, with, by means of; particle of addition

ความ

khwaam — Prefix nominalizing abstract nouns like feelings or states

สมัครใจ

samàk jai — Voluntarily; doing something of one's own free will

ตนเอง

ton eeng — Oneself; emphatic reflexive pronoun

โยน

yoon — To throw or toss something somewhere

ตัวเอง

tua eeng — Oneself; reflexive pronoun emphasizing personal action

เข้าสู่

khâo sùu — To enter into; to move toward a state or place

โลก

lôok — World, earth; the global realm of existence

ไม่มี

mâi mii — To not have; there is none or nothing

โปรดปราน

pròot praan — Favor, patronage; special goodwill from someone powerful

ใดๆ

dai dai — Any whatsoever; emphatic form of 'any'

หา

hǎa — To seek, look for, or find something

ที่ยืน

thîi yuuen — A place to stand; foothold or position

ส่วนตัว

sùan tua — Personal, private; belonging to oneself individually

ใน

nai — In, within, inside a place or context

นั้น

nán — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something mentioned

และ

láe — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses

เลี้ยงชีพ

lîang chîip — To earn a living; to sustain one's livelihood

ดูแล

duu-laae — To take care of; to look after someone or something

ที่ดิน

thîi din — Land, property; a piece of ground owned

ยากจน

yâak jon — Poor, impoverished; living in financial hardship

พัวพัน

phûa phan — To be entangled or involved in something problematic

หนี้สิน

nîi sin — Debt, liabilities; money owed to creditors

โดย

dooi — By, via; indicating means or agent of action

อาศัย

aa-sǎi — To rely on; to live depending on something

คำสั่ง

kham sàng — Order, command, or directive issued officially

ลายลักษณ์อักษร

laai lák àk-sǎawn — Written form; something documented in writing officially

เพื่อ

phûuea — In order to; for the purpose of doing something

ปกป้อง

pòk-pâawng — To protect, defend, or shield someone or something

ผู้คน

phûu khon — People; a group of persons collectively

มอบ

mâawp — To hand over, give, or present something to someone

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing, object, or matter; general noun classifier

เล็กน้อย

lék nói — A little, small amount; slightly or minimally

พอ

phaw — Enough; sufficient; just about adequate

จะ

jà — Will, shall; future tense marker in Thai

ให้

hâi — To give; to allow or cause something to happen

แก่

kàe — To; for; indicating recipient of an action

พวกเขา

phûuak khǎo — They, them; third-person plural pronoun

ไม่ว่า

mâi wâa — Regardless of; no matter what or whether

เป็น

pen — To be; to exist as something; copula verb

เชื้อเพลิง

chúea phloeng — Fuel; material used to produce energy or heat

เท่า

thâo — Equal to; as much as; same amount

เจ้าหนี้

jâo nîi — Creditor; a person to whom money is owed

รายใหญ่

raai yài — Major party; large-scale entity or account

ยอม

yaawm — To agree, consent, or yield to something

มี

mii — To have; there is or there are something

ฤดูหนาว

rúe-duu nǎao — Winter season; the cold season of the year

ผลผลิต

phǒn-phalìt — Produce, output, or yield from farming or industry

ช่วยเหลือ

chûuai lǔuea — To help, assist, or support someone in need

กุม

kum — To hold, grip, or control something tightly

อำนาจ

am-nâat — Power, authority, or dominance over others

เดียวกัน

diiao kan — The same; identical; one and the same thing

ฤดูร้อน

rúe-duu ráawn — Summer season; the hot season of the year

ไม่ต้อง

mâi tâawng — Need not; not necessary to do something

สงสัย

sǒng-sǎi — To doubt, suspect, or be uncertain about something

เลย

loei — At all, ever; intensifier meaning completely or whatsoever

ว่า

wâa — That; to say; complementizer introducing a clause

ยก

yók — To raise, lift, or bring something up

ข้อเท็จจริง

khâaw thét jing — Fact; a true piece of information or evidence

นี้

níi — This; demonstrative pronoun for nearby things

ขึ้น

khûen — Up; to rise; directional particle indicating upward motion

ข้อแก้ตัว

khâaw kâae tua — Excuse, justification; reason given to defend oneself

หลักฐาน

làk-thǎan — Evidence, proof; supporting material for a claim

ปลอดภัย

plàawt phai — Safe, secure; free from danger or harm

ดังกล่าว

dang klàao — As mentioned; aforementioned; referring to prior context

ไม่อาจ

mâi àat — Cannot, unable to; expressing impossibility or inability

ไม่

mâi — No, not; primary negation particle in Thai

ปรากฏ

praa-kòt — To appear, emerge, or become evident

ขณะ

khanà — While, during; a moment or period of time

สนับสนุน

sanáp-sanǔn — To support, back up, or endorse someone or something

ตัดสินใจ

tàt-sin-jai — To make a decision; to resolve to do something

สิ้นหวัง

sîn wǎng — Hopeless, despairing; having lost all hope

เริ่ม

rôem — To begin, start; to commence an action

ตั้ง

tâng — To set up, establish, or position something firmly

นั่นคือ

nân khuu — That is; namely; used to clarify or specify

เดินทาง

doen-thaang — To travel, journey; to go from place to place

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle indicating away from speaker

ใช่แล้ว

châi láaeo — Yes, that's right; affirmative confirmation expression

เช่นเดียวกับ

chên diiao kàp — Just like; in the same manner as something else

นักเดินเรือ

nák doen ruea — Sailor, mariner; a person who navigates ships

นิทาน

níthaan — Tale, story, fable; a narrative often with a lesson

โบราณ

booraan — Ancient, old; from a very long time ago

สายลม

sǎai lom — Breeze, wind current; a stream of moving air

กระแสน้ำ

krasàae náam — Water current; flowing movement of water in a body

พัดพา

phát-phaa — To blow and carry away; swept along by wind or current

อิทธิพล

ìt-thi-phon — Influence, power; the effect one has over others

แม่เหล็ก

mâae-lèk — Magnet; an object producing a magnetic field

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for non-human subjects

กำลัง

kamlang — Currently doing; strength or power in action

ดึงดูด

dueng-dùut — To attract, pull toward; to draw something closer

เข้า

khâo — To enter; inward directional particle

ตัว

tua — Body; classifier for animals and objects; self

มันเอง

man eeng — Itself; emphatic reflexive referring to a non-human subject

จำต้อง

jam tâawng — Must, obliged to; compelled by necessity to act

ทุกสิ่ง

thúk sìng — Everything; all things without exception

ผุด

phùt — To spring up, emerge suddenly; to pop into mind

ความคิด

khwaam khít — Thought, idea, or opinion in one's mind

ล้วน

lúuan — All, entirely; every single one without exception

พา

phaa — To bring, lead, or take someone somewhere

ล่องลอย

lâawng looi — To drift, float along aimlessly without direction

ข้างหน้า

khâang nâa — Ahead, in front; the forward direction

เร็ว

reo — Fast, quick; moving or happening at speed

เรื่อยๆ

rûueai rûueai — Continuously, steadily; going on without stopping

มั่นคง

mân khong — Stable, firm, secure; not easily shaken or changed

มุ่ง

mûng — To aim toward, head for; directed at a goal

สู่

sùu — Toward, to; directional preposition indicating destination

แรงดึงดูด

raeng dueng-dùut — Gravitational or magnetic attraction; a pulling force

อัน

an — General classifier for items; that which is

น่าสะพรึงกลัว

nâa saphrüeng klua — Terrifying, dreadful; causing fear and dread

กังวลใจ

kangwon jai — Anxious, worried; having troubled or uneasy feelings

ซ่อนเร้น

sâawn rén — Hidden, concealed; kept secret from others' knowledge

ใจ

jai — Heart, mind; center of feelings and intentions

คือ

khuu — Is, are; equative verb linking subject and predicate

เจตนาร้าย

jèt-tanaa ráai — Evil intent, malicious purpose; wicked motivation

ถูก

thùuk — Correct; cheap; passive marker indicating being acted upon

ดำเนินการ

dam-noen kaan — To carry out, execute, or proceed with an action

แผ่นดิน

phàen din — Land, territory, country; the earth or ground

โชคร้าย

chôok ráai — Unfortunate, unlucky; having bad luck or misfortune

เขาเอง

khǎo eeng — He himself; emphatic form of third-person pronoun

เครื่องมือ

khrûuang muue — Tool, instrument; a device used to accomplish tasks

ชั่วร้าย

chûa ráai — Evil, wicked; morally corrupt or malevolent

ผู้ซึ่ง

phûu sueng — Who, the one who; relative pronoun for persons

รู้

rúu — To know, to be aware of something

ดี

dii — Good, fine; of high quality or moral character

กว่า

kwàa — More than, better than; comparative marker

พวก

phûuak — Group, bunch; collective noun or plural marker

กลับ

klàp — To return; reversal particle indicating contrary action

ไม่ได้

mâi dâi — Cannot, did not; negating ability or past action

นั่น

nân — That; demonstrative pronoun for distant things

พยายาม

phayaa-yaam — To try, attempt, make effort to do something

ทำ

tham — To do, make, perform an action or task

บาง

baang — Some, certain; thin; a few among many

หยุดยั้ง

yùt yáng — To halt, stop, or restrain something from continuing

นองเลือด

naawng lûueat — Bloodshed; involving much blood and violence

ยืนยัน

yuuen yan — To confirm, affirm, or assert something as true

แห่ง

hàeng — Of, at; classifier for places or institutions

เมตตา

mèt-taa — Compassion, loving kindness; benevolent goodwill toward others

มนุษยธรรม

manút-saya-tham — Humanitarianism; concern for human welfare and dignity