A Tale of Two Cities — Page 3

Vocabulary

พลเมือง

phon mueang — citizen; member of a nation or state

ข้า

khâ — archaic first-person pronoun; I, me, servant

ปรารถนา

praat-tha-naa — to wish, desire, or long for something

สิ่งใด

sing dai — anything, whatever thing; used in questions or negatives

มากกว่า

mâak gwàa — more than; greater in quantity or degree

การ

gaan — nominalizing prefix indicating an action or process

ได้

dâai — to get, obtain; auxiliary indicating ability or past success

ไป

bpai — to go; directional particle indicating away from speaker

ถึง

thǔeng — to reach, arrive at; until, up to

ไม่

mâi — no, not; general negation particle in Thai

มี

mii — to have, possess; there is or there are

แล้ว

láaeo — already; indicates completed action or then, afterward

แม้ว่า

máae wâa — even though, although; concessive conjunction

จะ

jà — future tense marker; will, going to do something

สามารถ

sǎa-mâat — to be able to, can; indicates capability

ละเว้น

lá wên — to exempt, excuse, or abstain from something

คุ้มกัน

khúm gan — to protect, guard, escort; provide immunity or defense

ก็ตาม

gôr taam — nevertheless, regardless, even so; concessive particle

เงียบ

ngîap — quiet, silent, still; absence of noise

ชาย

chaai — man, male; also means edge or border

หมวก

mùak — hat, cap; head covering worn on top

แดง

daeng — red; the color red

คน

khon — person, people; classifier for human beings

หนึ่ง

nùeng — one; the number 1

คำราม

kham raam — to roar, growl, or thunder loudly

พลาง

phlaang — while doing something simultaneously; at the same time

กระแทก

grà-tàek — to slam, strike, or bang something forcefully

ผ้า

phâa — cloth, fabric, textile material

คลุม

khlum — to cover or drape over something

ด้วย

dûay — also, too; with; by means of

ท้าย

tháai — end, rear, tail; the back part of something

ปืน

bpuen — gun, firearm, rifle

คาบ

khâap — to hold in the mouth; grip between lips or teeth

ศิลา

sǐ-laa — stone, rock; formal or literary word for stone

ของ

khǒng — of, belonging to; possessive particle; things

เขา

khǎo — he, she, they; third-person pronoun

สงบ

sà-ngòp — calm, peaceful, tranquil; to pacify or quiet

ปาก

bpàak — mouth; opening, entrance of something

คำ

kham — word; unit of speech or written language

ไอ้

âi — derogatory male prefix; that guy (informal, rude)

อภิชน

à-phí-chon — aristocrat, nobleman; person of high social class

เป็น

bpen — to be; indicates identity, state, or condition

ดัง

dang — loud; like, as; famous, well-known

ที่

thîi — at, in; place; relative pronoun; classifier for some nouns

ท่าน

thân — you (respectful); honorable person; formal pronoun

ผู้

phûu — person who; nominalizing prefix for people

รัก

rák — to love; feel deep affection for someone

ชาติ

châat — nation, country; birth, life; ethnic group

ดี

dii — good, fine, nice; of high quality

กล่าว

glàao — to say, state, mention; formal word for speaking

นั่น

nân — that; demonstrative pronoun indicating something farther away

เจ้าหน้าที่

jâo nâa thîi — official, officer, staff member; person in authority

ขี้ขลาด

khîi khlàat — cowardly; lacking courage or bravery

แสดง

sà-daeng — to show, display, perform, or express

ความเห็น

khwaam hěn — opinion, view, perspective on something

และ

láe — and; connecting words, phrases, or clauses

ต้อง

tôong — must, have to; obliged to do something

จ่าย

jàai — to pay; spend money for goods or services

เงิน

ngern — money; silver; financial currency

สำหรับ

sǎm-ràp — for, intended for; in regard to something

สิ่ง

sìng — thing, object, matter; general classifier for items

นั้น

nán — that; demonstrative adjective referring to something specific

ทาง

thaang — way, path, road; direction or means of doing

เลือก

lûeak — to choose, select, pick from options

ฟัง

fang — to listen, hear attentively to something

ซิ

sí — particle adding emphasis or mild command; come on

หน้า

nâa — face; front; page; next

บึ้ง

bûeng — to frown, scowl; make an unhappy facial expression

เดิม

doem — original, former, previous; as before

ร้อง

róong — to cry out, shout, sing, or call aloud

ออก

òok — to go out, exit; directional particle outward

มา

maa — to come; directional particle toward the speaker

ราวกับว่า

raao gàp wâa — as if, as though; indicating hypothetical comparison

มัน

man — it; informal third-person pronoun for things or animals

มิใช่

mí châi — is not, are not; formal or literary negation

ความ

khwaam — nominalizing prefix creating abstract nouns from adjectives

กรุณา

gà-rú-naa — please; kindness; polite request particle

ได้รับ

dâai ráp — to receive, obtain, or get something

คุ้มครอง

khúm khroong — to protect, shelter, safeguard from harm

จาก

jàak — from, away from; originating point

เสา

sǎo — pole, post, pillar, column structure

แขวน

khwǎen — to hang, suspend something from above

คอ

kho — neck; the part connecting head to body

เสมอ

sà-mǒe — always, regularly; equal, even; flat

ลุก

lúk — to stand up, rise; get up from sitting

ขึ้น

khûen — to go up, rise; directional particle upward

แต่ง

tàeng — to dress, decorate, compose; adorn oneself

ตัว

tua — body; classifier for animals, clothes, and letters

ซะ

sá — emphatic particle indicating completion or finality

อพยพ

op-pha-yop — to migrate, emigrate, evacuate from a place

ทำ

tham — to do, make, perform an action

ตาม

taam — to follow; according to; along with

ถูก

thùuk — correct; cheap; passive voice marker in Thai

พา

phaa — to lead, take, bring someone along

กลับ

glàp — to return, go back; reverse direction

ยัง

yang — still, yet; also; to, toward (formal)

บ้าน

bâan — house, home; village; place of residence

พัก

phák — to rest, stay temporarily; take a break

ยาม

yaam — guard, watchman; period of time; watch duty

ซึ่ง

sûeng — which, that; relative pronoun connecting clauses

บรรดา

ban-daa — all, various; used before a group of people or things

อื่น

ùen — other, another, else; different from current one

ๆ

(mai yamok) — repetition mark indicating the preceding word is plural or repeated

สวม

sùam — to wear, put on clothing or accessories

หยาบ

yàap — rough, coarse, rude; crude in texture or manner

กำลัง

gam-lang — currently doing; strength, force, energy

สูบ

sùup — to smoke (cigarette); to pump or suck

บุหรี่

bù-rìi — cigarette; tobacco rolled for smoking

ดื่ม

dùem — to drink; consume liquid

สุรา

sù-raa — liquor, alcohol, spirits; alcoholic beverage

นอน

noon — to lie down, sleep; recline on a surface

หลับ

làp — to sleep; be asleep; eyes closed in slumber

อยู่

yùu — to be at, stay, live; continuous aspect marker

ริม

rim — edge, beside, along the side of something

กอง

goong — pile, heap; group; military company unit

ไฟ

fai — fire, flame; electricity, light source

จำนวน

jam-nuan — number, quantity, amount of something

มาก

mâak — many, much, a lot; great quantity or degree

ก็

gôr — also, too; then; well (connective particle)

เดินทาง

doern thaang — to travel, make a journey, go on a trip

พร้อม

phróom — ready, prepared; together with; simultaneously

กับ

gàp — with, together with; and (connecting nouns)

พวก

phûak — group, gang; they (informal); bunch of people

บน

bon — on, upon, on top of; upstairs

ถนน

thà-nǒn — road, street, avenue for travel

เปียก

bpìak — wet, damp, soaked with water or liquid

ชุ่ม

chûm — moist, damp, saturated; soaking wet

ใน

nai — in, inside, within a place or time

เวลา

wee-laa — time; period, moment; when (conjunction)

ตี

tii — to hit, beat, strike; hours after midnight

สาม

sǎam — three; the number 3

เช้า

cháo — morning; early part of the day

มืด

mûet — dark, dim; absence of light

นักรบ

nák rop — warrior, fighter, combatant; soldier in battle

ขี่

khìi — to ride an animal or vehicle

ม้า

máa — horse; the animal used for riding

สอง

sǒong — two; the number 2

ดอก

dòok — flower, blossom; classifier for flowers and small items

ไม้

máai — wood, tree; stick; classifier for some objects

ประดับ

bprà-dàp — to decorate, adorn, embellish with ornaments

สี

sǐi — color; the number four; paint

ถือ

thǔe — to hold, carry; consider, regard as

อาวุธ

aa-wút — weapon, arms; instrument used for fighting

ดาบ

dàap — sword; a bladed weapon for combat

โดย

dooi — by, by means of; through an agent or method

ข้าง

khâang — side, beside, next to; flank of something

ละ

lá — to abandon, leave; per (unit); softening particle

บังคับ

bang-khàp — to force, compel, control, or command someone

ตน

ton — oneself; reflexive pronoun referring to self

เอง

eeng — oneself, itself; by oneself; emphatic self-reference

แต่

tàe — but, however, yet; only; since (time)

เชือก

chûeak — rope, cord, string used for tying

หลวม

lùam — loose, slack, not tight; baggy fitting

ผูก

phùuk — to tie, bind, fasten with rope or string

ติด

tìt — to stick, attach, be connected; caught on something

บังเหียน

bang-hǐan — bridle, reins; device for controlling a horse

ปลาย

bplaai — end, tip, point; extremity of something

คอย

khoi — to wait for, await; anticipate something

พัน

phan — to wrap, wind around; one thousand (1,000)

รอบ

rôop — round, around; time, cycle; surrounding

ข้อ

khôo — joint, knuckle; item, point; clause, rule

มือ

mue — hand; skill, expertise; a deal in cards

ไว้

wái — to keep, store, place; maintains a state

สภาพ

sà-phâap — condition, state, situation; circumstances of something

เช่น

chên — such as, like, for example

นี้

níi — this; demonstrative pronoun for nearby things

สาย

sǎai — line, wire, cord; late (morning); stream

ฝน

fǒn — rain; rainfall from the sky

กระหน่ำ

grà-nàm — to pound, beat, or strike repeatedly and heavily

ใส่

sài — to put in, wear, add; place into something

ใบหน้า

bai nâa — face; the front part of the head

เสียง

sǐang — sound, noise, voice; vote

เกือก

gùeak — shoe, horseshoe; footwear

กระทบ

grà-thóp — to hit, impact, affect; come into contact forcefully

เมือง

mueang — city, town, country; urban settlement

ขรุขระ

khrú khrà — rough, uneven, bumpy surface or terrain

จังหวะ

jang-wà — rhythm, beat, tempo; timing of movement or music

เดิน

doern — to walk, go on foot

ทัพ

tháp — army, military force, troops

หนัก

nàk — heavy, weighty; serious, severe; hard

แบบ

bàep — style, pattern, type, form, model

ทหาร

thá-hǎan — soldier, military personnel, troops

มุ่ง

mûng — to aim at, head toward, be determined to

สู่

sùu — toward, to, into; heading in a direction

เต็ม

tem — full, filled, complete; to the maximum

โคลน

khloon — mud, muddy slush; wet dirty earth

ลึก

lûek — deep, profound; far down from the surface