A Tale of Two Cities — Page 11

Vocabulary

คุณ

khun — You; polite second-person pronoun in Thai

จะ

ja — Will; future tense marker in Thai sentences

ตอบ

tɔ̀p — To answer or respond to a question

คำถาม

kham thǎam — A question or inquiry posed to someone

ฉัน

chǎn — I; informal first-person pronoun, often feminine

สัก

sak — Just; used to soften requests or indicate approximation

ข้อ

khɔ̂ — Item, clause, or point in a list

หนึ่ง

nɯ̀ng — One; the number one in Thai

ไหม

mǎi — Question particle used at end of yes/no questions

บางที

baang thii — Sometimes; perhaps; indicating possibility or uncertainty

ก็

gɔ̂ — Also; then; particle showing continuation or concession

อาจ

àat — Might; may; expressing possibility or probability

ขึ้น

khɯ̂n — To go up; increase; rise in direction or degree

อยู่

yùu — To be; to stay; indicates ongoing state or location

กับ

gàp — With; and; together with someone or something

ว่า

wâa — That; to say; introduces reported speech or clauses

เป็น

pen — To be; indicates identity, state, or condition

อะไร

à-rai — What; used in questions asking about things

บอก

bɔ̀k — To tell; to inform someone of something

มา

maa — To come; directional particle toward the speaker

ได้

dâi — Can; able to; indicates ability or past completion

เลย

loei — At all; so; emphasizes negation or result

ใน

nai — In; inside; within a place or time period

คุก

khúk — Prison; jail where criminals are confined

ที่

thîi — At; which; relative pronoun or location marker

กำลัง

gam-lang — Currently; in the process of doing something

ถูก

thùuk — To be acted upon; correct; passive voice marker

ส่ง

sòng — To send; to deliver something to somewhere

ตัว

tuua — Body; self; classifier for animals and letters

ไป

pai — To go; directional particle away from speaker

อย่าง

yàang — Way; manner; type; in the manner of

อยุติธรรม

à-yút-tì-tham — Unjust; unfair; lacking fairness or justice

นั้น

nán — That; refers to something previously mentioned or distant

มี

mii — To have; there is/are; expressing existence

โอกาส

oo-gàat — Opportunity; chance to do something

ติดต่อ

tìt-tɔ̀ — To contact; to communicate with someone

โลก

lôok — World; earth; the globe or universe

ภายนอก

phaai-nɔ̂k — Outside; exterior; the outer world beyond

บ้าง

bâang — Some; somewhat; indicates partial or occasional occurrence

เห็น

hěn — To see; to notice visually; to observe

เอง

eeng — Oneself; by oneself; emphatic self-referential particle

ไม่

mâi — Not; negation particle before verbs and adjectives

ฝัง

fǎng — To bury; to embed something into the ground

ทั้ง

tháng — Both; all; entire; inclusive of everything mentioned

นั่น

nân — That; pointing to something at a distance

ตัดสิน

tàt-sǐn — To judge; to make a verdict or decision

ล่วงหน้า

lûuang-nâa — In advance; beforehand; ahead of scheduled time

และ

láe — And; connecting words, phrases, or clauses together

นำเสนอ

nam-sà-nǒe — To present; to propose or introduce formally

คดี

khá-dii — Case; legal case or lawsuit in court

ของ

khɔ̌ng — Of; belonging to; possessive particle in Thai

ตัวเอง

tuua-eeng — Oneself; by yourself; reflexive self-reference

ใช่

châi — Yes; correct; affirmative agreement with a statement

แต่

tɛ̀ — But; however; introducing a contrasting statement

แล้ว

lɛ́ɛo — Already; then; indicates completion of an action

ไง

ngai — Right?; so; informal sentence-final questioning particle

ผู้คน

phûu-khon — People; persons; human beings in general

อื่น

ɯ̀n — Other; another; different from the current one

ๆ

(mai yamok) — Repetition mark doubling the preceding word

เคย

khəəi — Ever; used to; having done something before

เลวร้าย

leeo-ráai — Terrible; wicked; very bad or dreadful situation

กว่า

gwàa — Than; more than; used in comparisons

นี้

níi — This; referring to something nearby or just mentioned

โดย

dooi — By; via; by means of a method or agent

พลเมือง

phon-lá-mɯaang — Citizen; civilian member of a country or city

มอง

mɔɔng — To look; to gaze at something or someone

เขา

khǎo — He; she; they; third-person pronoun in Thai

มืดหม่น

mɯ̂ɯt-mòn — Gloomy; dark and somber in mood or appearance

การ

gaan — Nominalizer prefix indicating an action or process

เดิน

dəən — To walk; to move on foot

ต่อ

tɔ̀ — To continue; next; against; onward in sequence

ด้วย

dûuai — Also; with; too; accompanying or adding to something

ความ

khwaam — Abstract noun prefix indicating a state or quality

เงียบ

ngîap — Quiet; silent; absence of noise or sound

หนักแน่น

nàk-nɛ̂n — Firm; resolute; steadfast and unwavering in determination

มั่นคง

mân-khong — Stable; secure; firmly established and reliable

ยิ่ง

yîng — Even more; increasingly; the more so

จม

jom — To sink; to submerge beneath a surface

ลึก

lɯ́k — Deep; far down below the surface

ลง

long — To go down; downward directional particle

เพียง

phiang — Only; merely; just; nothing more than

ใด

dai — Any; which; used in questions or relative clauses

หวัง

wǎng — To hope; to wish for something desired

อ่อน

ɔ̀n — Soft; weak; tender; lacking strength or firmness

แม้

mɛ́ɛ — Even; even though; despite the fact that

น้อย

nɔ́i — Little; few; small in amount or degree

ริบหรี่

ríp-rìi — Faint; dim; barely visible or perceptible light

หรือ

rɯ̌ɯ — Or; whether; presenting alternatives or asking confirmation

คิด

khít — To think; to consider or reflect on something

เช่น

chên — Such as; for example; used before illustrations

จึง

jɯng — Therefore; so; consequently as a result

รีบ

rîip — To hurry; to rush; doing something quickly urgently

กล่าว

glàao — To state; to say formally or officially

มัน

man — It; informal third-person pronoun for things or animals

สำคัญ

sǎm-khan — Important; significant; of great value or meaning

ที่สุด

thîi-sùt — Most; superlative marker indicating the highest degree

สำหรับ

sǎm-ràp — For; intended for a specific person or purpose

รู้

rúu — To know; to be aware or have knowledge

ดี

dii — Good; well; positive in quality or character

เสีย

sǐa — To lose; broken; gone bad; wasted

อีก

ìik — More; again; another; additional occurrence or amount

ต้อง

tɔ̂ng — Must; have to; expressing necessity or obligation

สามารถ

sǎa-mâat — Can; able to; having the capability to do

แจ้ง

jɛ̂ng — To inform; to notify; to report officially

ให้

hâi — To give; to allow; causative verb marker

แห่ง

hɛ̀ng — Of; from; classifier for institutions or places

ธนาคาร

thá-naa-khaan — Bank; financial institution for deposits and loans

สุภาพบุรุษ

sù-phâap-bù-rùt — Gentleman; a polite and well-mannered man

ชาว

chaao — People of; native of a place or group

อังกฤษ

ang-grìt — England; English; relating to England or Britain

ขณะ

khà-nà — While; at the moment; during a period of time

ทราบ

sâap — To know; formal version of knowing information

ถึง

thɯ̌ng — To reach; until; about; regarding something

เท็จจริง

thét-jing — Truth and falsehood; fact versus fiction

เดียว

diao — Single; only; alone; just one of something

คำ

kham — Word; a unit of language or speech

อธิบาย

à-thí-baai — To explain; to clarify or describe in detail

โยน

yoon — To throw; to toss something through the air

เข้า

khâo — To enter; inward directional particle toward inside

ดำเนินการ

dam-nəən-gaan — To proceed; to carry out an action or process

ทำ

tham — To do; to make; to perform an action

ดื้อรั้น

dɯ̂a-rán — Stubborn; obstinate; refusing to change one's mind

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing; object; an abstract or concrete entity

เพื่อ

phɯ̂a — In order to; for the purpose of doing

หน้าที่

nâa-thîi — Duty; responsibility; one's assigned role or obligation

คือ

khɯɯ — Is; namely; used to define or equate things

ประเทศชาติ

prà-thêet-châat — Nation; country; the state as a political entity

ประชาชน

prà-chaa-chon — People; citizens; the general public of a nation

ผู้รับใช้

phûu-ráp-cháai — Servant; one who serves another person

สาบาน

sǎa-baan — To swear; to take an oath solemnly

ตน

ton — Oneself; formal reflexive pronoun referring to self

สอง

sɔ̌ng — Two; the number two in Thai

ฝ่าย

fàai — Side; faction; party in a conflict or division

ต่อต้าน

tɔ̀-tâan — To oppose; to resist; to fight against something

รู้สึก

rúu-sɯ̀k — To feel; to sense an emotion or physical sensation

อ้อนวอน

ɔ̂n-wɔɔn — To plead; to beg earnestly for something

ไร้ประโยชน์

rái-prà-yòot — Useless; worthless; serving no purpose or benefit

ศักดิ์ศรี

sàk-sǐi — Dignity; honor; sense of self-worth and respect

กระทบกระเทือน

grà-thóp-grà-thɯan — To shake; to disturb; to impact and affect deeply