A Tale of Two Cities — Page 12

Vocabulary

ขณะ

kha-na — while; at the moment that something occurs

ที่

thii — at; which; that; a relative pronoun or preposition

พวก

phuak — group; bunch; a collective of people or things

เขา

khao — he; she; they; third-person pronoun

เดิน

doen — to walk; to move on foot

ต่อ

to — to continue; next; per; connecting or extending something

ไป

pai — to go; moving away from the speaker

ใน

nai — in; inside; within a place or time

ความ

khwaam — nominalizing prefix indicating a state or concept

เงียบ

ngiap — quiet; silent; making little or no sound

ไม่

mai — not; negation particle in Thai

อาจ

aat — might; may; expressing possibility or uncertainty

สังเกต

sang-ket — to notice; to observe something carefully

เห็น

hen — to see; to perceive visually

ได้

dai — can; to get; able to; indicates past or possibility

ว่า

waa — that; to say; introduces a subordinate clause

ผู้

phuu — person who; nominalizing prefix indicating a person

คน

khon — person; human being; individual

นั้น

nan — that; those; referring to something previously mentioned

คุ้น

khun — familiar; accustomed to something from experience

เคย

khoei — used to; ever; indicating past experience or habit

กับ

gap — with; and; together with someone or something

ภาพ

phaap — image; picture; visual representation

นัก

nak — expert; one who does; intensifier meaning very much

โทษ

thot — punishment; penalty; blame for wrongdoing

ผ่าน

phaan — to pass; to go through; past something

ตาม

taam — to follow; according to; along

ถนน

tha-non — road; street; a paved path for travel

เพียง

phiang — only; merely; just a small amount

ใด

dai — any; which; an interrogative or indefinite word

แม้

mae — even though; although; despite something

แต่

tae — but; only; however; indicating contrast

เด็กๆ

dek dek — children; young kids; the reduplication emphasizes plurality

ก็

ko — also; too; then; a discourse particle for continuation

แทบ

thaep — almost; nearly; hardly; barely

สนใจ

son-jai — to be interested; to pay attention to something

เลย

loei — at all; so; thus; an emphatic or resultative particle

บาง

baang — some; certain; a few among many

หัน

han — to turn; to rotate the head or body

ศีรษะ

sii-sa — head; the uppermost part of the body

มา

maa — to come; moving toward the speaker

มอง

moong — to look; to gaze at something

และ

lae — and; connecting words, phrases, or clauses

ชี้

chii — to point; to indicate direction with a finger

นิ้ว

niu — finger; toe; also a unit of measurement

ใส่

sai — to put into; to wear; to place inside something

ฐานะ

thaa-na — status; position; social standing or rank

ขุนนาง

khun-naang — nobleman; aristocrat; person of high social rank

นอก

nok — outside; beyond; exterior of something

จาก

jaak — from; away from; originating at a place

การ

gaan — nominalizing prefix for actions or processes

ชาย

chaai — man; male; a person of male gender

ชุด

chut — set; outfit; a complete set of clothing

เสื้อผ้า

suea-phaa — clothing; garments; things worn on the body

ดี

dii — good; fine; of positive quality

จะ

ja — will; going to; future tense marker

ถูก

thuuk — to be subjected to; cheap; correct; passive marker

พา

phaa — to take; to lead; to bring someone somewhere

คุก

khuk — prison; jail; a place of confinement

น่า

naa — worthy of; deserving; prefix expressing desirability

กว่า

gwaa — more than; rather than; comparative marker

กรรมกร

gam-ma-gon — laborer; worker; manual worker of low status

ทำงาน

tham-ngaan — to work; to perform a job or task

ทาง

thaang — way; path; direction; route

สาย

saai — lane; line; wire; late in time

หนึ่ง

nueng — one; the number one; a single unit

แคบ

khaep — narrow; tight; having little width

มืด

muet — dark; lacking light; nighttime or dim

สกปรก

sok-ka-prok — dirty; filthy; unclean in appearance or hygiene

ซึ่ง

sueng — which; that; a relative pronoun connecting clauses

ปราศรัย

praat-sai — to give a speech; to address an audience formally

ตื่นเต้น

tuen-ten — excited; thrilled; feeling strong anticipation or arousal

ยืน

yuen — to stand; to be in an upright position

อยู่

yuu — to be at; to stay; indicates location or ongoing action

บน

bon — on; above; on top of a surface

เก้าอี้

gao-ii — chair; a seat with a back for sitting

สตูล

sa-tuun — stool; a small seat without a back

กำลัง

gam-lang — currently; in the process of; strength or power

กล่าว

glaao — to say; to state; to formally speak or declare

ฟัง

fang — to listen; to hear attentively

เกี่ยวกับ

giao-gap — about; regarding; concerning a topic or subject

อาชญากรรม

aat-cha-yaa-gam — crime; criminal act; an offense against the law

กระทำ

gra-tham — to commit; to perform; to carry out an act

ประชาชน

pra-chaa-chon — people; citizens; members of the general public

ของ

khoong — of; belonging to; possessive particle

กษัตริย์

ga-sat — king; monarch; the ruler of a kingdom

ราชวงศ์

raat-cha-wong — royal family; dynasty; lineage of a ruling monarch

คำ

kham — word; utterance; a unit of spoken or written language

พูด

phuut — to speak; to talk; to express in words

กี่

gii — how many; how much; an interrogative of quantity

ยิน

yin — to hear; used in expressions like ยินดี (pleased)

ปาก

paak — mouth; opening; the part used for speaking or eating

ทำ

tham — to do; to make; to perform an action

ให้

hai — to give; to let; causative or benefactive marker

รู้

ruu — to know; to have knowledge or awareness of something

เป็น

pen — to be; to become; copular verb in Thai

ครั้ง

khrang — time; instance; an occasion or occurrence

แรก

raek — first; earliest; the initial one in a sequence

คุม

khum — to control; to guard; to oversee or supervise

ขัง

khang — to imprison; to confine; to lock up

เหล่า

lao — those; a plural or group classifier for people

ทูต

thuut — ambassador; envoy; a diplomatic representative

ต่าง

taang — foreign; different; various; distinct from others

ประเทศ

pra-thet — country; nation; a politically defined territory

ทุก

thuk — every; all; each without exception

ออก

ok — to exit; to go out; outward direction

แล้ว

laeo — already; then; indicates completed action

ตลอด

ta-lot — throughout; all along; the entire duration or length

เส้น

sen — line; strand; a thin elongated shape or route

ยกเว้น

yok-wen — except; unless; excluding something from a group

อะไร

a-rai — what; anything; an interrogative pronoun

น้อย

noi — little; few; small in amount or degree

กอง

goong — pile; stack; a group or unit of soldiers or things

คุ้มกัน

khum-gan — to escort; to protect; providing a security guard

เฝ้า

fao — to watch over; to guard; to keep vigil

ระวัง

ra-wang — to be careful; to beware; to watch out for danger

อย่าง

yaang — manner; way; kind; in the manner of

ทั่วถึง

thua-thueng — thorough; comprehensive; reaching all parts evenly

ตัด

tat — to cut; to sever; to disconnect or trim

ขาด

khaad — to be cut off; lacking; severed; absent of something

โลก

look — world; earth; the global sphere of existence

ภายนอก

phaai-nok — outside; exterior; the outer part of something

สิ้นเชิง

sin-choeng — completely; entirely; thoroughly; to the fullest extent

แน่นอน

naen-on — certain; sure; definitely; without doubt

บัดนี้

bat-nii — now; at this moment; at the present time (formal)

ตน

ton — oneself; self; a formal reflexive pronoun

เอง

eng — oneself; itself; by oneself without help

ตก

tok — to fall; to drop; to descend downward

ท่ามกลาง

thaam-glaang — amid; in the middle of; surrounded by something

อันตราย

an-ta-raai — danger; hazard; a situation involving risk or harm

ยิ่งใหญ่

ying-yai — great; grand; magnificent; of enormous significance

มาก

maak — much; many; a lot; indicating a large quantity

เมื่อ

muea — when; at the time that something happened

เทียบ

thiap — to compare; to measure against something else

สิ่ง

sing — thing; object; an entity or matter

ปรากฏ

praa-got — to appear; to emerge; to become visible or evident

ขึ้น

khuen — to rise; to go up; upward direction or increase

ตอน

ton — period; episode; a portion of time or story

อังกฤษ

ang-grit — England; English; referring to Britain or its language

หนาแน่น

naa-naen — dense; crowded; thick with people or matter

ราย

raai — individual; person; item; a classifier for people or cases

ล้อม

lom — to surround; to encircle; to enclose on all sides

ตัว

tua — body; self; a general classifier for animals or things

รวดเร็ว

ruat-reo — fast; swift; quick in movement or action

ยิ่ง

ying — increasingly; even more; to a greater degree

เรื่อยๆ

rueai rueai — continuously; steadily; on and on without stopping

ยอมรับ

yoom-rap — to accept; to acknowledge; to admit something is true

นี้

nii — this; these; indicating something close or current

หาก

haak — if; in case; a conditional conjunction (formal)

สามารถ

saa-maat — can; able to; having the ability or capacity

ล่วง

luang — to pass; to transgress; to go ahead or beyond

หน้า

naa — face; front; next; page; forward direction

ถึง

thueng — to reach; until; to; arriving at a destination

เหตุการณ์

het-gaan — event; incident; an occurrence or happening

เกิด

goed — to happen; to be born; to occur or arise

อีก

iik — more; again; another; additional

วัน

wan — day; a 24-hour period of time