A Tale of Two Cities — Page 5

Vocabulary

และ

lae — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses.

เมื่อ

mueа — Conjunction meaning 'when' referring to a past time.

ได้เห็น

dai hen — To have seen or witnessed something.

ดวงตา

duang taa — Eyes; the pair of eyes on a face.

ที่

thîi — Relative pronoun or preposition meaning 'that/which/at'.

เป็นประกาย

pen prakaai — Sparkling or gleaming, as in shining eyes.

ใบหน้า

bai nâa — Face; the front part of the head.

มุ่งมั่น

mûng man — Determined and resolute in pursuing a goal.

ท่าที

thâa thii — Attitude or demeanor shown outwardly.

สงบ

sa-ngòp — Calm, peaceful, or tranquil in manner.

แต่

tàe — Conjunction meaning 'but', showing contrast.

เข้มแข็ง

khêm khǎeng — Strong, tough, and resilient in character.

ของ

khɔ̌ɔng — Possessive particle meaning 'of' or 'belonging to'.

ชาย

chaai — Man or male person.

ผู้ซึ่ง

phûu sûeng — Relative pronoun meaning 'who' referring to a person.

ชีวิต

chiiwít — Life; one's existence or living experience.

เขา

khǎo — Third-person pronoun meaning 'he', 'she', or 'they'.

ดู

duu — To look at or watch; also used as a linking verb.

เหมือน

mǔean — Similar to or resembling something or someone.

จะ

ja — Future tense marker indicating intention or probability.

หยุดนิ่ง

yùt nîng — To stop completely still, to be motionless.

ไป

pai — To go; also a directional particle indicating away.

ดุจดัง

dùt dang — Just like, similar to, as if comparable to.

นาฬิกา

naaligaa — Clock or watch; a timekeeping device.

หยุด

yùt — To stop or halt an action or movement.

เดิน

dooen — To walk; also means a clock is running.

มา

maa — To come; directional particle indicating movement toward.

เป็นเวลา

pen weelaa — For a period of time; indicating duration.

หลาย

lǎai — Many; several in number or quantity.

ปี

pii — Year; a unit of time equal to twelve months.

แล้ว

lǽɛo — Already; particle indicating completion of an action.

จึง

jueng — Therefore; then as a result of something prior.

เริ่ม

rôoem — To begin or start doing something.

อีกครั้ง

ìik khráng — Once more; again, repeating a previous action.

ด้วย

dûuai — With; also means 'too' or 'as well'.

พลังงาน

phalang ngaan — Energy; power stored or used for activity.

สะสม

sa-sǒm — To accumulate or collect over time.

อยู่

yùu — To be located; also a present progressive marker.

อย่าง

yàang — In a manner; type or kind of something.

ใน

nai — Preposition meaning 'in' or 'inside'.

ช่วง

chûang — Period or interval of time or space.

หน้าที่

nâa thîi — Duty, responsibility, or official function.

ก็

kɔ̂ɔ — Particle meaning 'also' or 'then', soft connector.

เชื่อ

chûea — To believe or trust in something or someone.

สิ่ง

sìng — Thing; an object, matter, or abstract concept.

ยิ่งใหญ่

yîng yài — Great, magnificent, or grand in scale or importance.

กว่า

kwàa — More than; comparative particle showing greater degree.

หมอ

mɔ̌ɔ — Doctor; informal term for a medical physician.

ต้อง

tɔ̂ng — Must; to have to do something necessarily.

เผชิญ

pha-chooen — To face or confront a situation or challenge.

เวลา

weelaa — Time; a specific moment or period.

นั้น

nán — That; a demonstrative indicating something previously mentioned.

ยัง

yang — Still; yet, indicating continuation of a state.

ยอมแพ้

yɔɔm phǽɛ — To give up or surrender; to admit defeat.

ต่อ

tɔ̀ɔ — Against; toward; per; to continue or connect.

ความ

khwaam — Nominalizer prefix turning adjectives into abstract nouns.

ไม่ลดละ

mâi lót la — Unyielding; refusing to relax or give up efforts.

ตราบใด

trâap dai — As long as; for whatever duration of time.

คง

khong — Probably; still; likely to remain the same.

ดำรงตน

damrong ton — To maintain or conduct oneself in a certain way.

ฐานะ

thaana — Status, position, or social standing of a person.

แพทย์

phâet — Physician; formal word for a medical doctor.

มี

mii — To have; to possess; there is/are.

ดูแล

duu lae — To take care of or look after someone.

มนุษย์

manút — Human being; humankind or a person.

ทุก

thúk — Every; all without exception.

ระดับ

radàp — Level, rank, or tier in a hierarchy or scale.

ทั้ง

tháng — Both; all; including every part mentioned.

ผู้

phûu — Person who; a nominalizer prefix for people.

ถูก

thùuk — To be (passive marker); also means 'correct' or 'cheap'.

จองจำ

joong jam — To be imprisoned or held captive in confinement.

เป็น

pen — To be; a linking verb indicating state or identity.

อิสระ

ìtsara — Freedom; independence; being free from constraint.

คน

khon — Person; individual human being; classifier for people.

รวย

ruai — Rich; wealthy; having abundant financial resources.

จน

jon — Poor; lacking financial resources; impoverished.

ดี

dii — Good; virtuous; of positive quality or character.

เลว

leo — Bad; evil; morally corrupt or wicked.

ใช้

cháai — To use; to make use of something or someone.

อิทธิพล

ítthiphon — Influence; power to affect others or situations.

ส่วนตัว

sùan tua — Personal; private; relating to oneself individually.

ตน

ton — Oneself; a reflexive pronoun referring to the self.

ชาญฉลาด

chaan chalàat — Clever and wise; showing great intelligence and skill.

ไม่ช้า

mâi cháa — Soon; before long; in a short period of time.

ได้รับ

dâi ráp — To receive or obtain something given or awarded.

ตำแหน่ง

tamnaeng — Position, title, or official post held by someone.

ผู้ตรวจการ

phûu trùat kaan — Inspector; official who supervises or examines operations.

เรือนจำ

ruean jam — Prison; a place where criminals are confined.

สาม

sǎam — The number three.

แห่ง

hàeng — Classifier for places, institutions, or establishments.

หนึ่ง

nùeng — The number one; a single unit.

คือ

khuue — Is; meaning 'that is' or 'namely' for definition.

ขณะนี้

khaná níi — Right now; at this present moment in time.

สามารถ

sǎamâat — To be able to; capable of doing something.

รับรอง

ráp rɔɔng — To guarantee, assure, or certify something is true.

กับ

kàp — With; together with; a preposition linking nouns.

ได้

dâi — Can; to be able to; past tense marker.

ว่า

wâa — That; a complementizer introducing reported speech or thought.

สามี

sǎamii — Husband; a married man in relation to his wife.

เธอ

thooe — She; her; second-person pronoun used informally.

ไม่ได้

mâi dâi — Did not; could not; negating past ability or action.

คุมขัง

khum khǎng — To confine or detain someone under restraint.

เดียว

diiao — Alone; single; only one of something.

อีก

ìik — More; another; again, indicating addition or repetition.

ต่อไป

tɔ̀ɔ pai — To continue; from now on; going forward.

รวม

ruam — To include; to combine; together in total.

นักโทษ

nák thôot — Prisoner; a person held in custody or jail.

ทั่วไป

thûa pai — General; common; in an ordinary or widespread way.

พบ

phóp — To meet or find; to encounter someone or something.

สัปดาห์

sàpdaa — Week; a period of seven consecutive days.

นำ

nam — To lead, bring, or carry something or someone.

ข้อความ

khɔ̂ɔ khwaam — Message; text or written communication content.

อัน

an — Classifier for objects; also means 'which' or 'that'.

แสน

sǎen — Extremely; one hundred thousand; very much so.

หวาน

wǎan — Sweet; pleasing to taste or sentiment.

ให้

hâi — To give; causative marker meaning 'to let/make/for'.

โดยตรง

dooi trong — Directly; straight to the point without intermediary.

จาก

jàak — From; originating or departing from a place or source.

ปาก

pàak — Mouth; the opening used for speaking and eating.

บางครั้ง

baang khráng — Sometimes; occasionally, not always happening.

เอง

eeng — Oneself; by oneself; emphasizing personal agency.

ส่ง

sòng — To send; to dispatch something to someone else.

จดหมาย

jòt mǎai — Letter; a written message sent to someone.

แม้ว่า

mǽɛ wâa — Even though; although; despite the fact that.

ไม่เคย

mâi khoei — Never; have never done something before.

ผ่าน

phàan — To pass through or via; to go through something.

มือ

muue — Hand; the part of the body at the wrist end.

ก็ตาม

kɔ̂ɔ taam — Even so; regardless; no matter what the case.

ไม่

mâi — Not; a general negation particle for verbs and adjectives.

อนุญาต

anuyâat — To permit or allow; to give official permission.

เขียน

khǐan — To write; to put words or text on a surface.

ถึง

thǔeng — To reach; until; addressed to someone.

เพราะ

phró — Because; for the reason that something occurred.

ท่ามกลาง

thâam klaang — Amid; in the middle of a surrounding situation.

ข้อสงสัย

khɔ̂ɔ sǒngsǎi — Doubt or suspicion; a matter causing uncertainty.

เกินเหตุ

kooen hèet — Excessive; beyond what is reasonable or warranted.

มากมาย

mâak maai — Abundantly; a great deal; very many in number.

เกี่ยวกับ

kìiao kàp — About; regarding; concerning a particular subject.

แผนการร้าย

phaen kaan ráai — Evil plot; a wicked scheme or treacherous plan.

รุนแรง

run raeng — Violent; severe; intense in force or degree.

ที่สุด

thîi sùt — Most; superlative suffix indicating the highest degree.

ชี้

chíi — To point at or indicate; to suggest or show.

ผู้อพยพ

phûu ópphayóp — Emigrant or refugee; a person who has migrated.

รู้กัน

rúu kan — To know mutually; widely known among people.

มิตรสหาย

mít saháai — Friends and companions; close associates and allies.

หรือ

rǔue — Or; a conjunction presenting an alternative choice.

ความสัมพันธ์

khwaam samphan — Relationship; connection or bond between people or things.

ถาวร

thǎawɔɔn — Permanent; lasting forever or for a very long time.

ต่างแดน

tàang daen — Foreign land; a country other than one's own homeland.

ใหม่

mài — New; recently made or not used before.

เต็มไป

tem pai — Full of; filled completely with something throughout.

วิตกกังวล

wítok kangwon — Anxious and worried; feeling fearful about uncertain outcomes.

ไม่ต้องสงสัย

mâi tɔ̂ng sǒngsǎi — Without doubt; undoubtedly, certainly true.

กระนั้น

kranán — Nevertheless; even so; despite that circumstance.

คุณ

khun — You; also a polite title of respect for people.

เฉลียวฉลาด

chalìao chalàat — Astute and intelligent; perceptive with sharp mental ability.

มองเห็น

mɔɔng hěn — To see; to be able to perceive visually.

ภาคภูมิใจ

phâak phuumi jai — Proud; feeling pride and satisfaction about something.

แบบ

bàep — Style, pattern, or type; a model or example.

หล่อเลี้ยง

lɔ̀ɔ líang — To nurture or sustain; to nourish and support.

จิตใจ

jìt jai — Mind and heart; one's inner mental and emotional state.