A Tale of Two Cities — Page 10

Vocabulary

การ

gaan — Nominalizing prefix indicating an action or process

ปฏิวัติ

bpà-dtì-wát — Revolution; a fundamental political or social transformation

ได้

dâai — To get, obtain; also marks past tense or ability

เติบโต

dtèrb-dtoh — To grow up; to develop or increase in size

ขึ้น

kêun — To rise, go up; directional particle indicating upward movement

อย่าง

yàang — In a manner of; like, as a type or way

ชั่วร้าย

chûa-ráai — Evil, wicked, morally corrupt and harmful

และ

láe — And; conjunction connecting words or clauses

วุ่นวาย

wûn-waai — Chaotic, turbulent, disorderly and confused

ยิ่ง

yîng — Even more; increasingly, to a greater degree

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place or time

เดือน

deuuan — Month; also means the moon

ธันวาคม

tan-waa-kom — December; the twelfth month of the year

นั้น

nán — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something mentioned

จน

jon — Until; also means poor or destitute

กระทั่ง

grà-tâng — Until, up to; even as far as a point

แม่น้ำ

mâe-náam — River; a large natural flowing body of water

ทาง

taang — Way, path, direction; also used as 'via'

ภาค

pâak — Region, sector, part of a country or organization

ใต้

dtâai — South; also means under or beneath something

เต็ม

dtem — Full, filled completely with no space remaining

ไป

bpai — To go; directional particle indicating away from speaker

ด้วย

dûuay — With, also, too; indicates accompaniment or addition

ร่าง

râang — Body, corpse; also a draft of a document

ของ

kǎawng — Of, belonging to; possessive particle in Thai

ผู้

pûu — Person who; prefix indicating a person doing something

ที่

tîi — That, which; relative pronoun or place marker

ถูก

tùuk — To be subjected to; also means correct or cheap

จม

jom — To sink, submerge beneath the surface of water

น้ำ

náam — Water; liquid essential for life and drinking

ตาย

dtaai — To die; to cease living, become dead

รุนแรง

run-raaeng — Violent, severe, intense and forceful in nature

ยาม

yaam — Time, period; also a guard or watchman

ค่ำคืน

kâm-keun — Night, nighttime; the dark hours after sunset

นักโทษ

nák-tôht — Prisoner, convict; a person imprisoned as punishment

ยิง

ying — To shoot; to fire a weapon at someone

เป็น

bpen — To be; linking verb indicating identity or state

แถว

tǎaeo — Row, line; a series of people or things

แนว

naaeo — Line, direction, trend; a row or orientation

ภายใต้

paai-dtâai — Under, beneath; in subordination or within conditions

แสง

sǎaeng — Light, ray; illumination from a source

อาทิตย์

aa-tít — Sun; also refers to the week or Sunday

หนาว

nǎao — Cold; feeling or describing low temperature

กระนั้น

grà-nán — Even so, nevertheless; despite that situation

คุณหมอ

kun-mǎaw — Doctor; polite term of address for a physician

ก็

gâaw — Also, then, well; a connective or softening particle

ยัง

yang — Still, yet; continuing a state or action

คง

kong — Probably, likely; to remain or stay steady

เดิน

dern — To walk; to move on foot from place to place

ท่ามกลาง

tâam-glaang — In the midst of, surrounded by something

ความ

kwaam — Nominalizing prefix for abstract nouns and concepts

น่า

nâa — Worth, deserving of; prefix indicating something induces feeling

สะพรึงกลัว

sà-prêung-gluua — Terrifying, horrifying; causing great dread and fear

เหล่า

lào — These, those; plural marker indicating a group

จิตใจ

jìt-jai — Mind, heart, spirit; one's inner mental state

มั่นคง

mân-kong — Stable, firm, steadfast; secure and unwavering in character

ไม่

mâi — No, not; negation particle in Thai

มี

mii — To have, there is/are; indicating existence or possession

ใคร

krai — Who, anyone, someone; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

รู้จัก

rúu-jàk — To know, be acquainted with a person or thing

ดี

dii — Good, well; positive quality or condition

กว่า

gwàa — More than, better than; comparative particle

เขา

kǎo — He, she, they; third-person pronoun

ยุค

yúk — Era, age, epoch; a period of historical time

อยู่

yùu — To be located, to stay, to live somewhere

สถานการณ์

sà-tǎan-gaan — Situation, circumstances; the current state of affairs

แปลก

bplàaek — Strange, odd, unusual; different from the norm

ประหลาด

bprà-lâat — Bizarre, peculiar; surprisingly strange or unexpected

เงียบขรึม

ngîiap-krêum — Quietly reserved, solemnly serious and composed

มนุษยธรรม

má-nút-sà-yá-tam — Humanitarianism; compassion and benevolence toward others

ขาด

kàat — To lack, to be missing; to cut or sever

ไม่ได้

mâi dâai — Cannot, unable to; negation of ability or permission

ทั้ง

táng — Both, all; including everything or everyone mentioned

โรงพยาบาล

rohng-pá-yaa-baan — Hospital; a medical facility for treating patients

คุก

kúk — Prison, jail; a facility for holding convicted criminals

ใช้

cháai — To use, to employ something for a purpose

ศิลปะ

sǐn-lá-bpà — Art; creative expression through various artistic forms

วิชา

wí-chaa — Subject, discipline; a field of knowledge or study

ตน

dton — Oneself; reflexive pronoun referring to oneself

เท่าเทียม

tâo-tiiam — Equal, equitable; treating everyone the same way

กัน

gan — Together, each other; reciprocal or collective particle

กับ

gàp — With, and; conjunction or preposition linking things

ฆาตกร

kâat-dtà-gawn — Murderer, killer; one who commits homicide

เหยื่อ

yêua — Victim; a person harmed or killed by another

คน

kon — Person, people; a human being or individual

โดดเด่น

dòht-dèn — Outstanding, prominent; standing out above the rest

แตกต่าง

dtàaek-dtàang — Different, distinct; varying from something else

จาก

jàak — From; indicating origin, separation, or departure point

อื่น

èun — Other, another; referring to a different thing

ความสามารถ

kwaam-sǎa-mâat — Ability, capability; skill or talent to do something

รูปลักษณ์

rûup-lák — Appearance, looks; the outward form or image

เรื่องราว

rêuang-raao — Story, account; a narrative of events or happenings

แห่ง

hàaeng — Of, at; classifier for places or institutions

ทำให้

tam-hâi — To cause, to make; to bring about a result

ปวง

buuang — All, everyone; totality of people or things

สงสัย

sǒng-sǎi — To doubt, wonder, be curious about something

หรือ

rěu — Or; conjunction presenting alternatives or asking questions

ตั้ง

dtâng — To set up, establish, place; to pose a question

คำถาม

kam-tǎam — Question; an inquiry posed to seek information

ต่าง

dtàang — Different, various; each one separately or distinctly

อะไร

à-rai — What; interrogative pronoun asking about a thing

ราวกับ

raao-gàp — As if, just like; indicating resemblance or comparison

ว่า

wâa — That; conjunction introducing a quote or statement

ได้รับ

dâai-ráp — To receive, to obtain something given by another

ปลุก

bplùk — To wake someone up; to arouse or stir

ให้

hâi — To give; causative marker meaning 'to allow' or 'for'

ฟื้น

féun — To revive, recover; to regain consciousness or health

คืน

keun — To return; also means night or nighttime

ชีพ

chîip — Life, livelihood; one's existence or living being

มา

maa — To come; directional particle indicating toward speaker

เมื่อ

mêua — When, at the time that; referring to a past moment

สิบแปด

sìp-bpàaet — Eighteen; the number 18

ปี

bpii — Year; a period of twelve months

ก่อน

gàawn — Before, previously; earlier in time or order

วิญญาณ

win-yaan — Soul, spirit; the spiritual essence of a person

มนุษย์

má-nút — Human being; a member of the human species