A Tale of Two Cities — Page 8

Vocabulary

อก

ok — Chest; the front of the human torso

อัน

an — A classifier for small or general objects

บริสุทธิ์

bori-sut — Pure, innocent, untainted in character

ที่

thi — At, which, that; a relative pronoun or place marker

เปิดเผย

poet phoei — To reveal, disclose, or make something known

ต่อ

to — To, toward, against; connecting or continuing something

สิ่งนี้

sing ni — This thing; referring to a specific nearby thing

ศีรษะ

si-ra — Head; the uppermost part of the body

งดงาม

ngot-ngam — Beautiful, elegant, graceful in appearance

ราว

rao — About, approximately; a railing or bar

เด็กน้อย

dek noi — Little child; a young or small child

ซึ่ง

sueng — Which, that; a relative pronoun connector

วุ่นวาย

wun-wai — Chaotic, turbulent, disorderly and confusing

อยู่

yu — To be, to stay, to reside somewhere

เช่นนั้น

chen nan — Like that, in that manner, such as that

และ

lae — And; connecting two words or clauses together

เท้า

thao — Foot; the lower extremity used for walking

ละเอียดอ่อน

la-iat on — Delicate, gentle, subtle, and sensitive

ย่ำ

yam — To trample, stamp, or tread upon repeatedly

ใน

nai — In, inside, within a place or context

แห่ง

haeng — Of, at; a classifier for places or locations

เลือด

lueat — Blood; the red fluid in the body

สิ่งสกปรก

sing sok-prok — Dirty thing; something filthy or impure

ล้วน

luan — All, entirely, wholly without exception

เป็น

pen — To be; indicates state, condition, or identity

สัญลักษณ์

san-ya-lak — Symbol, sign representing an idea or concept

ของ

khong — Of, belonging to; possessive particle in Thai

ยุคสมัย

yuk sa-mai — Era, age, period of historical time

แตกสลาย

taek sa-lai — To shatter, crumble, or break apart completely

นี่

ni — Here, this; a demonstrative pointing to something near

คือ

khue — Is, means; used to define or equate things

การร่ายรำ

kan rai ram — Dancing; the act of performing a dance

ขณะ

kha-na — While, during, at the moment of something

มัน

man — It; third-person pronoun for things or animals

ผ่าน

phan — To pass through, go past something

ไป

pai — To go; indicates movement away from speaker

ทิ้ง

thing — To abandon, drop, or leave something behind

ให้

hai — To give; causative particle meaning to cause or allow

หวาดกลัว

wat klua — Frightened, terrified, filled with fear

งุนงง

ngun-ngong — Confused, bewildered, puzzled by something

ประตู

pra-tu — Door, gate; an entrance or exit point

บ้าน

ban — House, home; a place of residence

หิมะ

hi-ma — Snow; frozen precipitation falling from the sky

ก็

ko — Also, then; a connective particle in Thai

ตก

tok — To fall, drop down from a higher position

ลงมา

long ma — To come down, descend toward the speaker

อย่าง

yang — In the manner of; a way or type of something

เงียบงัน

ngiap-ngan — Utterly silent, completely quiet and still

ปกคลุม

pok khlum — To cover, blanket, or spread over a surface

อ่อนนุ่ม

on num — Soft and gentle to the touch

ราวกับ

rao kap — As if, as though; used for comparisons

ว่า

wa — That; introduces reported speech or a clause

สิ่ง

sing — Thing, object, matter; a general noun

ผ่านมา

phan ma — Passed by; referring to things that went by

นั้น

nan — That; a demonstrative for something farther away

ไม่เคย

mai khoei — Never; indicates something has not occurred before

มี

mi — To have, to exist, there is something

เลย

loei — At all, ever; emphasizes negation or degree

โอ้

o — Oh; an exclamation expressing emotion or surprise

พ่อ

pho — Father, dad; a paternal parent

หนู

nu — I/me (used by children or young women); mouse

เพราะ

phro — Because; gives a reason for something stated

เขา

khao — He, she, they; third-person pronoun

ยืน

yuen — To stand; to be in an upright position

ตรง

trong — Straight, directly; right in front of something

หน้า

na — Face; also means front or next

เธอ

thoe — She, her, you (informal female); second or third person

เมื่อ

muea — When, at the time that something happened

เงย

ngoei — To raise one's head or look upward

ดวงตา

duang ta — Eyes; the pair of visual organs in the face

เพิ่ง

phoeng — Just, just now; recently completed action

ปิดบัง

pit bang — To hide, conceal, or cover something from view

ด้วย

duai — Also, with, by means of something

มือ

mue — Hand; the body part at the end of the arm

ชั่วครู่

chua khru — For a moment, briefly, for a short while

ขึ้นมา

khuen ma — To come up, rise toward the speaker

ช่าง

chang — How (exclamatory); also means craftsman or technician

ภาพ

phap — Image, picture, scene; a visual representation

โหดร้าย

hot rai — Cruel, brutal, savage in nature or action

เลวร้าย

leo rai — Terrible, dreadful, wicked and deeply bad

เสีย

sia — What a shame; spoiled or wasted (particle of regret)

กระไร

kra-rai — How, whatever; used in exclamatory expressions

รู้

ru — To know, to understand something

ลูกรัก

luk rak — Dear child; an affectionate term for one's child

เคย

khoei — Used to; indicates past habitual experience

เห็น

hen — To see, to perceive visually

หลาย

lai — Many, several, a large number of things

ครั้ง

khrang — Time, instance; a classifier for occurrences

แล้ว

laeo — Already, then; indicates completed action

อย่า

ya — Don't; used to give negative commands

กลัว

klua — To be afraid, to fear something

ไม่มี

mai mi — There is no, does not have something

ใคร

khrai — Who, anyone, someone; interrogative pronoun for people

พวกนั้น

phuak nan — Those people, that group over there

จะ

cha — Will, going to; future tense marker in Thai

ทำร้าย

tham rai — To harm, hurt, or injure someone

หรอก

rok — Particle softening negation; not really, don't worry

ไม่ได้

mai dai — Cannot, did not; negates ability or past action

เพื่อ

phuea — For, in order to; indicates purpose or goal

ตัวเอง

tua eng — Oneself, myself, yourself; reflexive pronoun

แต่

tae — But, however; introduces a contrasting clause

นึกถึง

nuek thueng — To think of, recall, or remember someone

สามี

sa-mi — Husband; a male spouse in marriage

ความเมตตา

khwam met-ta — Compassion, kindness, loving mercy toward others

ผู้คน

phu khon — People, persons; human beings in general

เหล่านี้

lao ni — These; refers to a group of nearby things or people

เรา

rao — We, us, I; first-person pronoun (singular or plural)

นำ

nam — To lead, bring, or take something somewhere

พ้น

phon — To be free from, escape, pass beyond danger

จาก

chak — From, away from; indicates origin or departure

พวกเขา

phuak khao — They, them; third-person plural pronoun

ไม่ช้า

mai cha — Soon, before long, in a short time

ปีน

pien — To climb, scale an elevated surface

ขึ้นไป

khuen pai — To go up, climb upward away from speaker

หน้าต่าง

na tang — Window; an opening in a wall for light and air

มา

ma — To come; indicates movement toward the speaker

บอก

bok — To tell, inform, or say something to someone

ที่นี่

thi ni — Here, at this place

มองเห็น

mong hen — To be able to see, to have sight of something

สามารถ

sa-mat — Can, able to; indicates capability or ability

ยัง

yang — Still, yet; indicates an ongoing state or action

หลังคา

lang kha — Roof; the top covering of a building

ชัน

chan — Steep; having a sharp incline or slope

สูง

sung — Tall, high; great in height or elevation

ที่สุด

thi sut — Most, the most; superlative degree marker

ได้

dai — Can, could, got; indicates ability or achievement

ทำ

tham — To do, make, perform an action

ส่ง

song — To send, deliver, or transmit something

จิตวิญญาณ

chit wi-nyan — Spirit, soul; the inner essence of a person

พร้อมกับ

phrom kap — Together with, along with someone or something

ใช่ไหม

chai mai — Right? Isn't it? A question tag seeking confirmation

ผู้น่าสงสาร

phu na song-san — Poor soul; a pitiable or unfortunate person

กล่าว

klao — To say, speak, state formally

ความ

khwam — Nominalizer prefix; turns adjectives into abstract nouns

โหยหา

hoi ha — To yearn, long, or pine for something deeply

ร้องไห้

rong hai — To cry, weep; shedding tears from emotion

ก้าว

kao — To step; a single step or stride forward

ขอ

kho — To ask for, request, beg permission

ความเคารพ

khwam khao-rop — Respect, reverence; esteem shown toward someone

ท่าน

than — You (formal/respectful); an honorific pronoun

พลเมือง

phon la-mueang — Citizen; a member of a nation or city-state

หญิง

ying — Woman, female; the female gender

ปาก

pak — Mouth; the opening used for speaking and eating

หมอ

mo — Doctor, physician; a medical professional

เพียงแค่

phiang khae — Just, merely, only; to a minimal extent

เดิน

doen — To walk; to move on foot

อะไร

a-rai — What; interrogative pronoun asking about things

อีก

ik — More, again, another; indicates addition or repetition

จากไป

chak pai — To go away, depart, leave a place or person

เงา

ngao — Shadow, shade, reflection of something

บน

bon — On top of, above a surface or place

ถนน

tha-non — Road, street; a path for vehicles and people

สีขาว

si khao — White color; the color of snow or milk